General System Description Mixed Structural System and Influence on

 Plan area of 280,000 m2 Jin


Behaviour
An 88 story (421 m) tall tower. With 50 stories of office space
and 38 stories of hotel space, and 3 levels of basement
Mao  Reinforced concreted combined with structural steel was


Aspect ratio 8:1
The vertical elements of the mega
Tower, 
strategically placed to resist extreme lateral loads.
Reducing the redundancy of structural elements, forcing the
structure are: Shanghai system to approach global static determinacy, significantly
increasing economy.
Mega composite
column  Due to slight inefficiencies the system was 70% efficient.

Wind Engineering and Seismic Design

 Strength design of the structure is based on a code specified 100
year return wind with basic wind speed of 32.5 m/sec for a 10
Core minute average time for the towers.
wall  Response spectrum and Time history analysis were considered
and used for final analysis and design.
Mega steel
column Pin concept

How does the structural system work?

 Core and mega columns are linked by structural steel outrigger
trusses acting compositely with horizontal diaphragm slabs.
These are maximizing the effective depth of the structure .

Fire Egress Features

 Resistance to gravity loads: This includes 8 structural
steel built-up mega-columns and composite wide  Stairs interrupt at refuge floors, which
Located at levels 24 and 26, levels 51 and 53 (left), and between levels 85 and the roof (right) flanged beams and built-up trusses used to frame allows transfer to other stairs.
 The roof reflects the pagoda form of the truss system - an the floors. The framing trusses are of 4.5 m c/c with a  The refuge floors have 2 hour
efficient form of transfer of lateral loads between core and the composite metal deck slab with 75 mm and deep enclosure and mechanical
exterior composite columns by providing continuum over the metal deck slab with 80 mm normal weight topping pressurization.
open core. the slab.
 Foundation System: Deep piles of length 65.7 m, 4 m
 Resistance to lateral loads: 4 composite
deep reinforced concrete mat and a continuous
mega columns activated in each primary
reinforced concrete slurry wall along the perimeter
direction, 8 composite mega column in the
have been installed. Based on the tower load, the pile
diagonal direction. These columns are
length and the soil conditions, the expected
subjected to axial forces induced from the Ankita Roy Chowdhury (PT400116)
settlement for the tower was upto 50 mm.
overall bending moments. Soumyakanti Dhavala (PT402016)