Lesson Plan

Lesson: Hess’ Law

Aim :

To study Hess’ law and its application.

Learning Outcomes :

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to state and apply Hess’ law.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with the concept of enthalpy changes

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 4

Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction. • Teacher to quiz student to ensure that
(Ascertaining prior they have the necessary background
knowledge and knowledge.
introducing lesson
topic for the day). Teacher to point out lesson objectives for
the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activity 1 with the • Courseware

students.

• Activity 1 : Hess’ law

Students are shown how the heat

liberated or absorbed during a chemical
reaction is the same, whether the reaction
takes place in one step or in series of
steps.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to go through the extension • Websites

activities on their own. • Reference
books.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 4

Worksheet answers

1. Hess’ law

1.1 a. Hess’ law: The heat liberated or absorbed during a chemical reaction is the
same, whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps.

b. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

c. 2C(s) + 2H2(g) C2H4(g) Hfo = +51.9 kJ mol-1

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) Hfo = -393.5 kJ mol-1
1
H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l) Hfo = -285.9 kJ mol-1
2

d. H° = Hfo(products) - Hfo(reactants)
= 2 Hf (CO2) + 2 Hf (H2O) - Hfo(C2H4)
o o

= 2(-393.5) + 2(-285.9) - 51.9

= -1.41 X 103 kJmol-1

e. 2C(s) + 3H2(g) C2H6(g) Hfo (C2H6)

7
C2H6(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) Hco(C2H6) = -1559.5 kJ mol-1
2
2C(s) + 2O2(g) 2CO2(g) 2 Hfo(CO2) = 2(-393.5) kJ mol-1
3H2(g) + O2(g) 3H2O(l) 3 Hfo(H2O) = 3(-285.9) kJ mol-1

Hfo (C2H6) = 2 Hfo(CO2) + 3 Hfo(H2O) - Hco(C2H6)

= 2(-393.5) + 3(-285.9) - (-1559.5)
= -85.2 kJ mol-1

1.2 a. The standard enthalpy change of combustion, Hco is the amount of heat
released when one mole of a substance burns completely in excess oxygen
under standard conditions.

9
b. C3H6(g) + O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) Hco = -2060 kJ mol-1
2

c. 3C(s) + 3H2(g) C3H6(g)

Hfo
d. 3C(s) + 3H2(g) C3H6(g)

3 Hco(C) 3 Hco(H2)
Hco (C3H6)

3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 4

 e. By applying Hess’ law:
Hfo = 3(-393.5) + 3(-285.9) - (-2060)
= +21.8 kJ mol-1

Alternative method:

9
C3H6(g) + O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
2

H(reaction) = Hfo(products) - Hfo(reactants)

9
Hco (C3H6) = [3 Hfo(CO2) + 3 Hfo(H2O) ] – [ Hfo (C3H6) + Hfo(O2)]
2
-2060 = [3(-393.5) + 3(-285.9)] - [ Hfo (C3H6) - 0]
Hfo (C3H6) = +21.8 kJ mol-1

1.3 a. C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

b. Hreaction = Hfo(products) - Hfo(reactants)

-2817.0 = [6(-393.5) + 6(-285.9)] – [ Hfo (C6H12O6) +6(0)]
o
Hf (C6H12O6) = 6(-393.5) + 6(-285.9) + 6(0) + 2817.0
= -1259.4 kJ mol-1
c.

6C(s) + 6H2(g) + 9O2(g)

Energy/kJ 0
Hfo (C6H12O6)
C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)
-1250 6 Hfo(CO2) + 6 Hfo(H2O)

Hc o
-2500
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

-2750

1.4 a. i. H1: enthalpy change of atomisation of Na

H2: first ionisation energy of Na
H3: enthalpy change of neutralisation

ii. H5 = H1 + H2 - H3 + H4
= +107 + 494 - (-58) + (-850)
= -191 kJ mol-1

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