Coordinates: 33°59′52.7994″S 151°13′58.

8″E

Botany Bay
Botany Bay, an open oceanic embayment,[2] is located in
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 13 km (8 mi) south of
Botany Bay
the Sydney central business district. Its source is the
Sting Ray Harbour[1]
an open oceanic embayment[2]
confluence of the Georges River at Taren Point and the Cooks
River at Kyeemagh which flows 10 km (6 mi) to the east
before meeting its mouth, the Tasman Sea, midpoint between
La Perouse and Kurnell.

The total catchment area of the bay is approximately 55 km2

(21 sq mi). Despite its relative shallowness, the bay serves as
greater metropolitan Sydney's main cargo seaport, located at
Port Botany, with facilities managed by Sydney Ports
Corporation. Two runways of Sydney Airport extend into the
bay. Botany Bay National Park is located on the northern and
southern headlands of the bay. The area surrounding the bay is Aerial photo of Sydney showing Botany Bay in the
generally managed byRoads and Maritime Services.
foreground.

Name origin: great abundance of plants[1]

The land adjacent to Botany Bay was settled for many
thousands of years by the Tharawal and Eora Aboriginal Country Australia
peoples and their associated clans. On 29 April 1770, Botany State New South Wales
Bay was the site of James Cook's first landing of HMS
Region Greater Metropolitan Sydney
Municipalities Bayside, Randwick, Sutherland
Endeavour on the land mass of Australia, after his extensive
navigation of New Zealand. Later the British planned Botany Primary source Georges River
Bay as the site for a penal colony. Out of these plans came the - location Taren Point
first European habitation of Australia at Sydney Cove. - coordinates 34°0′35.994″S 151°7′47.6394″E
Although the penal settlement was almost immediately shifted Secondary source Cooks River
to Sydney Cove, for some time in Britain transportation to - location Kyeemagh
- coordinates 33°56′57″S 151°10′06″E
"Botany Bay" was a metonym for transportation to any of the
Mouth Tasman Sea
Australian penal settlements.
- location Kurnell
- coordinates 33°59′52.7994″S 151°13′58.8″E
Length 10 km (6 mi)
Depth 11.4 m (37 ft)
Contents Volume 440,815.8 m3 (15,567,263 cu ft)
History Basin 54.9 km2 (21 sq mi)
Aboriginal history Area 39.6 km2 (15 sq mi)
British history
Landmarks
Marine life
Popular culture
Image gallery
Notes
References
External links
History

Aboriginal history
Archaeological evidence from the shores of Botany Bay has
yielded evidence of an Aboriginal settlement dating back
5,000 years. The Aboriginal people of Sydney were known as
the Eora with sub-groups derived from the languages they
spoke. The people living between the Cooks River and the
Georges River were the Bidjigal clan; on the southern shores
of the bay were the Gweagal clan;[3] while on the northern
shore it was the Kameygal clan.[4] An artefact collected on
Cook's first voyage in Botany Bay is the bark shield left
Website: NSW Environment & Heritage webpage
behind by a member of a local Aboriginal tribe. This very rare
object is now in the British Museum's collection and was the
subject of a programme in the BBC radio seriesA History of the World in 100 Objects.[5]

British history
Lieutenant James Cook first landed at
Kurnell, on the southern banks of
Botany Bay, on Sunday 29 April
1770, when navigating his way up the
east coast of Australia on his ship,
HMS Endeavour. Cook's landing
marked the beginning of Britain's Botany Bay, 1788 watercolour by Charles Gore
Isaac Smith
became the first interest in Australia and in the
European to set eventual colonisation of this new
foot on eastern ‘southern continent’.[6] Initially the name Stingrays Harbour was used by Cook and other journal keepers
Australian soil, on his expedition, for the stingrays they caught.[7] That name was also recorded on an Admiralty chart.[8]
Cook telling him Cook's log for 6 May 1770 records "The great quantity of these sort of fish found in this place occasioned
"Jump out,
my giving it the name of Stingrays Harbour". However, in the journal prepared later from his log, Cook
Isaac" as the
ship's boat wrote instead: (sic) "The great quantity of plants Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander found in this place occasioned
touched the my giving it the name ofBotanist Botany Bay".[8]
shore at Botany
Bay. Eighteen years later, in 1788, Governor Arthur Phillip sailed the armed tender HMS Supply into the bay on
18 January. Two days later the remaining ships of the First Fleet arrived to found the planned penal colony.
However, the land was quickly ruled unsuitable for settlement as there was insufficient fresh water; Phillip
also believed the swampy foreshores would render any colony unhealthy. Phillip decided instead to move to the excellent natural
harbour of Port Jackson to the north.[9]

On the morning of 24 January the French exploratory expedition of Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse was seen outside
Botany Bay. On 26 January, the Supply left the bay to move up to Port Jackson and anchor in Sydney Cove. On the afternoon of 26
January, the remaining ships of First Fleet arrived at Sydney Cove.

In 1789, Captain John Hunter surveyed Botany Bay after returning from the Cape of Good Hope, trading for grain. The good supply
of fresh water in the area led to the expansion of its population in the 19th century
.

Landmarks
Sydney Airport, Australia's busiest airport, sits on northwestern side of Botany Bay.
Land was reclaimed from the bay to extend its first north-south runway and build a
second one parallel to it.

The first container terminal at Port Botany, to the east of the airport, was completed
during the 1970s, and is the largest container terminal in Sydney. A second container
terminal was completed during the 1980s and bulk liquid storage facilities are
located on the northern and southern edge of the bay. A third container terminal was
completed in 2011.
Monument at La Perouse.
The land around the headlands of the bay is protected by the National Parks and
Wildlife Service as Kamay Botany Bay National Park. On the northern side of the
mouth of the bay is the historic site of La Perouse, and to the south is Kurnell. Despite its relative isolation, the southern shore of the
bay is dominated by an unusual mixture of pristine national park and heavy industrial use that includes Kurnell Desalination Plant,
the Caltex Oil Refinery, sewer treatment, and historical sand mining facilities.[10] On the southern side of the bay, a section of water
has been fenced off under the authority of the National Parks and Wildlife Service at Towra Point for environmental conservation
purposes.

The western shores of the bay feature many popular swimming beaches including
Lady Robinsons Beachand is highly urbanised.

Marine life
Botany Bay has a diverse marine population, and the area around its entrance is a popular area for scuba diving. In recent times, the
Botany Bay Watch Project[11] has begun with volunteers assisting to monitor and protect the Bay Catchment and its unique marine
life.

The world's largest population of weedy sea dragon ever surveyed is found at the 'Steps' dive site, on the Kurnell side of the Botany
Bay National Park. Weedy sea dragons are just one of hundreds of territorial marine creatures found within Botany Bay. The eastern
blue grouper[12] is the state fish of New South Wales; and are commonly found following divers along the shore line of Botany Bay
.

Popular culture
Despite the move to Sydney Cove, for many years the Australian penal colony would be referred to as "Botany Bay"
in England, and in ballads such as "The Fields of Athenry," by Irish songwriter Pete St. John.
A song named "Botany Bay" has been performed as a folk and music hall song since the 1890s, based on older
tunes. It also refers to the penal colony.
A song entitled "The Shores of Botany Bay" was written byBrian Warfield and recorded by The Wolfe Tones in the
early 1970s. This satirical song deals with a group of Irishmen volunteering for the transportation process in the
hopes of finding wealth in Australia.
In the 1941 historical novelBotany Bay by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall, the protagonist, after various
adventures and misadventures in England, gets transported to Botany Bay . A movie based on the bookstarring Alan
Ladd and James Mason was shot in 1953.
The song "Jim Jones at Botany Bay" (aka "Jim Jones") is about a prisoner who is going to Botany Bay . The song has
been recorded several times, including a well-known version byBob Dylan.
SS Botany Bay was the name of the spaceship on whichKhan Noonien Singh and his followers were exiled from
Earth in Star Trek: The Original Seriesand Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.
In the play and musicalSweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Benjamin Barker, the man who would
become Sweeney Todd, was transported to Botany Bay for life on a false charge by Judge T urpin.
In the MMORPG Runescape, Botany Bay is the name of a location in-game where players can view other players'
accounts being penalized for using "bots",computer macros, to cheat. [13][14]

Image gallery
The mouth of Botany Bay The mouth of Botany Bay Botany Bay, view from Black-eyed Sue and
as it meets the Tasman from the air. Kurnell. Sweet Poll of Plymouth,
Sea, as viewed from the England mourning their
air, above Kurnell. lovers who are soon to
be transported to Botany
Bay, 1792.

Bicentennial Monument Sydney Airport runway

at Brighton-Le-Sands. near Botany Bay beach.

Notes
1. "Botany Bay" (http://www.gnb.nsw.gov.au/place_naming/placename_search/extract?id=MnjLoesE). Geographical
Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South W ales. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
2. Roy, P. S; Williams, R. J; Jones, A. R; Yassini, I; et al. (2001). "Structure and Function of S
outh-east Australian
Estuaries". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 53: 351–384. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0796(https://doi.org/10.100
6%2Fecss.2001.0796).
3. Lawrence, Joan (1996).St. George Pictorial Memories: Rockdale, Kogarah, Hurstville
. Crows Nest, NSW:
Kingsclear Books. p. 3.ISBN 0-908272-45-6.
4. "A Short History of the City of Botany Bay"(https://web.archive.org/web/20120716232946/http://www .botanybay.nsw.
gov.au/index.php/your-city/a-short-history-of-the-city-of-botany-bay). City of Botany Bay. 2012. Archived from the
original (http://www.botanybay.nsw.gov.au/index.php/your-city/a-short-history-of-the-city-of-botany-bay)on 16 July
2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
5. British Museum Highlights(https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aoa/b/australian_bark
_shield.aspx)
6. Cook, James; Hawkesworth, John (1773)."Entrance of Endeavour River in New South W ales. Botany Bay in New
South Wales" (http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~24019~870064)(Map). David
Rumsey Historical Map Collection. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
7. Wales, Geographical Name Board of New South. "Extract - Geographical Names Board of NSW"(http://www.gnb.ns
w.gov.au/place_naming/placename_search/extract?id=MnjLoesE) . www.gnb.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
8. Beaglehole (ed.) 1968, p. ccix
9. Governor Phillip to Lord Sydney, 15 May 1788, cited in Britten (ed.) 1978, pp. 121–123
10. "Kurnell Peninsula: a guide to the plants, animals, ecology and landscapes" (http://sydney.cma.nsw.gov.au/index.ph
p?option=com_remository&Itemid=51&func=download&id=549&chk=5115e53218b24f9cc44e7a81fdf f0449&no_html
=1). Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority . 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
11. "Botany Bay Watch Project" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080718193604/http://www
.botanybaywatch.com.au/).
Botanybaywatch.com.au. Archived fromthe original (http://www.botanybaywatch.com.au/)on 18 July 2008.
12. "Marine Blue Groper" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080719121344/http://www
.botanybaywatch.com.au/pmwiki/pm
wiki.php?n=Marine.BlueGroper). Botanybaywatch.com.au. Archived fromthe original (http://www.botanybaywatch.co
m.au/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Marine.BlueGroper)on 19 July 2008.
13. http://services.runescape.com/m=news/botany-bay
14. http://www.pcgamer.com/runescape-to-get-a-botmaster-general-and-put-botters-on-trial-in
-botany-bay/

References
Beaglehole, J.C., ed. (1968). The Journals of Captain James Cook on His V oyages of Discovery, vol. I:The Voyage
of the Endeavour 1768–1771. Cambridge University Press.OCLC 223185477.
Britton, Alex R., ed. (1978).Historical records of New South Wales. Vol. 1, part 2. Phillip, 1783-1792. Lansdown
Slattery & Co. p. 56. OCLC 219911274.
Forster, George (2008). Allgemeines historisches Taschenbuch, oder, Abriss der merkwuridgsten neuen Welt
Begebenheiten enthaltend fur 1787[Neuholland und die brittische Colonie in Botany-Bay/New Holland and the
British colony at Botany Bay] (in German). Robert J. King, translator. Canberra: National Library of Australia.
Tench, Watkin (2006). Anacharsis, ed.Le texte fondateur de l'Australie, récit de voyage d'un capitaine de la First
Fleet durant l'Expédition à Botany Bay(in French). preface by Merle, d'Isabelle. p. 320.ISBN 2-914777-30-2.

External links
"Georges River catchment"(map). Office of Environment and Heritage. Government of New South Wales.
NSW Environment & Heritage webpage
Irish Examiner article concerning penal colony
Joanne Sippel (2013)."Booralee fishing town". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Retrieved
6 October 2015. [CC-By-SA]

Botany Bay travel guide from Wikivoyage

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