Galactic Fountain

Ashish Kumar Mishra

December 12, 2017

NGC 5775
 Gaseous Halo : Size

Stars at different heights from the disk

Ca II & Na I Absorption Lines

 Gaseous Halo : Mass

21-cm -> Column Density

Integrate along LOS

Gaseous Halo : Cold Phase

4
T < 10 K d : 10-20 kpc

21-cm Emission

Kinematics – Rotational Lag

NGC 891

Fraternali 2010
NGC 891

Oosterloo et al. 2007

 Gaseous Halo : Warm Phase

4
T ~ 10 K d : 1-2 kpc

Diffuse Ionized Gas : Hα emission

Gaseous Halo : Coronal Phase

7−8
T ~ 10 K d ~ few 100 kpc

free-free X-ray emission

Bregman 2012
Galactic Fountain Model

Fraternali & Binney, 2010

Galactic Fountain Model
Model
purely ballistic (no hydrodynamics)
fit to 21-cm observation

Result
Vertical distribution of H I
Rotational Lag

Fraternali & Binney, 2006

Galactic Fountain Model : Modification
Model
Interaction with the diffuse medium
free parameter – accretion

Result
Vertical distribution of H I
Rotational Lag

Fraternali & Binney, 2008

Model Issue : What is the nature of medium?

Fraternali & Binney, 2008

Corona cooling time > flow time

Cooling Problem

Marinacci et al 2011
Cooling Problem

Marinacci et al 2011
Summary
 References
Joel N Bregman. The disk-halo connection and where has all the gas gone?
European Astronomical Society Publications Series, 56:5–17, 2012.

Filippo Fraternali. Gas circulation and galaxy evolution. In AIP Conference

Proceedings, volume 1240, pages 135–145. AIP, 2010.

Filippo Fraternali and JJ Binney. A dynamical model for the extraplanar

gas in spiral galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
366(2):449–466, 2006.

Filippo Fraternali and JJ Binney. Accretion of gas on to nearby spiral galaxies. Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, 386(2):935–944,
2008.
 References
Federico Marinacci, Filippo Fraternali, Carlo Nipoti, James Binney, Luca
Ciotti, and Pasquale Londrillo. Galactic fountains and the rotation of
disc-galaxy coronae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
415(2):1534–1542, 2011.

Tom Oosterloo, Filippo Fraternali, and Renzo Sancisi. The cold gaseous halo
of ngc 891. The Astronomical Journal, 134(3):1019, 2007.

Joern Rossa and R-J Dettmar. An hα survey aiming at the detection of

extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in halos of edge-on spiral galaxies-i. how
common are gaseous halos among non-starburst galaxies? Astronomy &
Astrophysics, 406(2):493–503, 2003.
Thank You