PMC TECH

Er.PERUMAL MANIMEKALAI
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
HOSUR

DEPARTMENT OF EEE

BIOGAS AS VEHICLE
FUEL
(AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE FOR DRIVING
TORQUE)

SUBMITTED BY,

EBIN GEORGE .K. PETER J. MANIKANDAN

IV YEAR BE (EEE)
PMC TECH
HOSUR
PH_NO: 9042694252
Email : ebin.gkp@gmail.com
BIOGAS AS VEHICAL FUEL
(An Alternative source for driving torque)
EBIN GEORGE K PETER
PMC TECH
HOSUR
ebin.gkp@gmail.com
J MANIKANDAN
PMC TECH
HOSUR
manishivab@gmail.com
ASTRACT
In recent days the price
of petrol & diesel are increasing.So
we must think about an altternatiive
source for running the vehicels.One
effective way to avoid these
probelm is biogas-plants;actually
the biogas, which is produced by
the fermentation of animal
dung,human sewage or agricultural
residues, is rich in methane and has
the same characteristics as the
natural gas. In this paper we are
try to discuss ”BIOGAS AS
VEHICELS FUEL” Methane
within biogas can be concentrated
via a biogas upgrader to the same
standards as fossil natural gas, and
becomes biomethane. If the local
gas network allows for this, the
producer of the biogas may utilize
the local gas distribution networks.
Gas must be very clean to reach
pipeline quality, and must be of the
correct composition for the local
distribution network to accept.
Carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen
sulfide and particulates must be
removed if present. If concentrated
IV YEAR BE (EEE)
PMC TECH
HOSUR
PH_NO: 9894368575
Email : manishivab@gmail.com
and compressed it can also be used
in vehicle transportation.
INTRODUTION
As we know that
petroleum products are play very
improtant role in our daily life.
Graph(i) usage of fuels
From the graph shown
above we can see that the use of
petroluem products are increase day
by day. According to new survey
result, petroluem products may be
available only for next 40 to50
years. So we are going to face a big
engery crisis in the near future. One
effective way to avoid these
problems is biogas-plants; actually
the biogas, which is produced by the
fermentation of animal dung, human
sewage or agricultural residues, is
rich in methane and has the same
characteristics as the natural gas.
The use of biogas as a clean fuel
answers to current concerns dealing
with economics, ecology and
energetic: The methane fermenting
is a long known conversion process
 Search on renewable of the organic substance into energy
energies while the fossil in anaerobic conditions under the
deposits are draining. influence of bacterial flora. The
 Reduction of the energetic biogas generated during the
dependence. methanation represents itself the
liquid methane, carbonic acid, up to
 Limitation of the
1% of sulphured hydrogen, not a
atmospheric pollution
large amount of nitrogen oxygen,
linked to the gas emissions.
hydrogen, ammonia and oxide of
 Decrease of the smell and carbon.
noise annoyances.
 Reduction of the green COMPOSITION OF
house effects.
Biogas fuels usually cause low BIOGAS
pollution to the atmosphere and
because they come from renewable Typical composition of biogas
energy resources, they have a great Compound Chem %
potential for future use. Methane CH4 50–75
Carbon
CO2 25–50
WHY BIOGAS IS dioxide
PREDOMINATING? Nitrogen N2 0–10
Hydrogen H2 0–1
Hydrogen
H2S 0–3
Biogas is considered sulfide
clean energy, which means it does Oxygen O2 0–2
not gives off much air pollution
which is used for energy Table (i) composition of biogas
production. There is significantly
less amount of green house gas The composition of
emissions from bio energy. Another biogas varies depending upon the
alternative energy source like origin of the anaerobic digestion
nuclear power made a big problem process. Landfill gas typically has
in the disposal of waste. methane concentrations around
50%. Advanced waste treatment
Biogas: production and use technologies can produce biogas
with 55–75% CH4 or higher using
Conditions of production in situ purification techniques .As-
produced, biogas also contains
The waste collected at water vapor, with the fractional
the plant undergoes a chemical water vapor volume a function of
treatment in order to be turned into biogas temperature; correction of
biogas. It is the anaerobic digestion, measured volume for water vapor
or methanisation. content and thermal expansion is
Methanisation is an anaerobic easily done via algorithm.
digestion process that follows a
double incentive: PRODUCTION LAYOUT
• Energetic upgrading by
production of methane
(CH4)
• Stabilization of the organic
waste.

Fig. 1 The biogas plant principle
WORKING:
1. The gas is compressed
under 10 to 15
bars and injected in a
washing pressure tower
into which the water
solubilizes the carbon
dioxide and the H2S of
the biogas.
2. Then the gas is dried on
2 molecular screens
under 250 bars.
3. The washing water is
recycled by gas
freeing in two steps:
(i) The recuperated
gas of the
highest gas-
freeing, rich in
CO2, H2S and
CH4 is injected as
raw gas into
the pressure
stages.
(ii) The gas salted out in
the lowest gas-
freeing tour is sent
back to the biologic
filter where bacteria
eat H2S.
4. The dry and pure gas is
stocked at 250 bars
into steel bottles that
feed the filling station.
5. The non-suitable gas is
sent back to the
beginning of the plant.
The main upgrading solutions
The scrubbing techniques
Whatever the final
use of the biogas is, it is nearly
impossible to use it as it is
produced. The only valuable
fraction is the methane contained
into the biogas; the other
components are useless,
objectionable or noxious.
Consequently one or several
treatment stages are necessary:
Upgrading use Components to
eliminate
Heat Water, sulphur
Electricity Water, sulphur,
organo-halogens
Fuel Water, sulphur (H2S),
organo-halogens,
carbon (CO2)
Gas grid Water, sulphur,
organo-halogens,
carbon, oxygen, metal
Table (ii) upgrading of biogas
• It exist numerous solutions
to eliminate the water, as
using a diphase separator.
When using the biogas for
the gas grid injection, the
main techniques are the
glycol absorption or the
molecular screens. When
the biogas is turned into
fuel, the water
concentration must be
inferior to 15 mg/Nm3: the
best solution is the
 Pressure System
adsorption.
• A pass on iron oxide or
activated carbon easily
eliminates the sulphur
(H2S). A water scrubbing
can also eliminate both
sulphur and carbon
dioxide.
• Scavenging of the organo-
halogen components and
the heavy metals is done
thanks to a pass on
activated carbon.
• The oxygen is eliminated
with a catalytic treatment.
Heat recovery from biogas
Burning biogas in a
boiler or industrial furnace is the
most commonly valorization
method developed. The methane
content can go down until 20%, and
the scrubbing techniques are light.
The machinery used for the heat
production is very common: burners
or classical injectors.
Economical conditions
It is admitted that the
thermal upgrading of the biogas is
profitable when the flow overpasses
100Nm3/h.
Once the biogas is
picked-up or produced, the best way
to use it is enhancing its value.
Several ways are possible:
producing heat, electricity,
cogeneration, vehicle fuel or
injection in the natural gas grid.
PRODUCING FUEL
For this use, the purity
specifications of the gas are stricter
than the previous ones.
Indeed, the biogas used as a fuel
must contain a minimum of 96% of
methane. Moreover the vapor
content must be lower than 15
mg/Nm3, the H2S content does not
exceed 100mg/Nm3 and the particle
size is limited at 40 microns.
The typical sequence for the
preparation is:
• Compression at 15-20 bars.
• Desulfuriz- ation and
decarbonation by water
scrubbing (loss of 8% of
methane)
• Dehydration by the process
Pressure System
Adsorption.
• Deshalogenation by a pass
on activated carbon.
• Compression up to 250-350
bars.
Economical conditions
The economical analysis
underlines that the gains are earned
with the benefits done by
comparison with an equivalent
consumption of diesel fuel. In this
valorization the scale benefits are
very important.
BI-FUEL SYSTEM
Fig(ii)bi-fuel system
Biogas Heat Replacement
value
When the biogas is
replaced to other energy source,
the equivalent amount of energy get
from 1 cu.m biogas is listed below.
 1 CU.M BIOGAS HEAT If we continue the
REPLACEMENT VALUE use of fuel like we are using day-to-
SOURCE Eq.Amt UNITS day, this type boards will appear
LPG 0.46 Kg everywhere. The era of fossil fuels
GASOLINE 0.67 Liter is over now; we have to go for
DIESEL 0.60 Liter alternative source. By using biogas
HEATING 0.55 Liter we can reduce the use of fossil
OIL fuels, and in this way we can reduce
the pollution. So our slogan is
FIRE WOOD 1.50 Kg
“USE BIOGAS; SAVE EARTH”
ELECTRICIT 1.20 KW-H
Y
Table (iii) replacement value REFRENCE

MERITS OF BIOGAS • www.biogas.virtualave.net

• www.atee.biogaz.fr
 It’s a clean form of energy. • www. biogastech-cmu.com
 It reduces the bio waste.
 Less amount of greenhouse • ATEE-ENERGIE PLUS
gas emission. “Biogas, the upgrading
 It reduces air pollution. solutions”, May 2003
• Dr. Wolfgang Tentscher
DEMERITS OF BIOGAS “biogas in the internal
market gas”, June 2002
• ENGVA, European Natural
 Drudgery involved in
Gas Vehicle Association
collection of fuel
 Availability of bio waste is Authors:
a problem. EBIN GEORGE .K .PETER
 It didn’t decompose plastic. J .MANIKANDAN
 It leads to environmental PMC TECH
HOSUR
degradation. ebin.gkp@gmail.com

CONCLUSION

Fig(iii) no fuel