Cambridge International AS Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions
Answers to EOC questions
Chapter 11 b i Current = 0.72 – 0.48 = 0.24 A [1] ii 0.24 A [1] 1 a i When p.d. = 2.0 V, current I = 0.25 A [1] c Resistance of the thermistor decreases [1] 2.0 = 8 Ω so resistance R = 0.25 [1] so circuit resistance decreases [1] ii resistance = 5.0 0.5 = 10 Ω [2] so ammeter reading increases. [1] b A filament lamp [1] 6 a The atoms vibrate more [1] 2 a Graph showing a current greater than zero at so their effective cross-sectional area 0 °C, with a positive gradient; it may or may increases and there are more collisions. [1] not be linear. [1] b Cross-sectional area [1] b Use the graph as a calibration graph. Keeping Material of which the wire is made [1] the voltage across the thermistor constant, 1.5 c i R = VI = 0.24 [1] place the thermistor at the point where the = 6.25 Ω [1] temperature is to be measured. [1] ρl –8 1.69 × 10 × 5 Read the current and convert to a ii R = A so A = 6.25 [1] –8 2 temperature using the calibration graph. [1] A = 1.35 × 10 m [1] d = 4A –4 π = 1.3 × 10 m[1] 3 a The number density of free electrons is very high in copper. [1] d Less area open to air [1] In silicon the number density of free Less cooling, therefore temperature rises. [1] electrons is very much less (a million times). Current decreases. [1] [1] ρl ρl 7 a R = A and A = thickness × width, so t = Rw [1] b In a metallic conductor such as copper, the 3 –3
vibration of the ions increases their effective t = 2.3 × 106 × 36 × 10–3 [1]
1.1 × 10 × 32 × 10 cross-section to the migrating electrons. [1] = 0.0023 m (2.3 mm) [1] The higher the temperature, the more b I = RV = 12 6 [1] vibration, hence the greater the effective 1.1 × 10 cross-section and the more collisions there = 1.1 × 10–5 A [1] are between the electrons and the ions. This c Resistance would decrease. [1] reduces the mean drift velocity. [1] Current would increase. [1] In semiconductors, thermal energy gives Silicon wafer would get even hotter, with electrons sufficient energy to escape from avalanche effect creating more and more their parent atoms. [1] charge carriers. [1] The greater the temperature, the greater the number of electrons that can escape, so the 8 a i
more charge carriers there are and the lower
the resistance. [1] ρl –8 4 a Resistance = A = 1.3 × 10 × 1.5 –6 [1] 0.008 × 10 ii = 2.4 Ω [1] A –9 b l = R ρ = 30 × 8.0 × 10 –8 [1] b Diode has very low resistance (in forward 1.3 × 10 direction), so large current. [1] = 18.5 ≈ 18 m [1] Heating would lead to damage to diode / 5 a V = IR = 0.48 × 5 [1] supply.[1] = 2.4 V [1] c R = VI = 1.4 –3 [1] 20 × 10 = 70 Ω [1]
Cambridge International AS Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions
9 a The current through the resistor is
proportional to the p.d. across it [1] at constant temperature. [1] b i Straight horizontal line (assuming V is on x-axis)[1] ii As above, but at a higher resistance. [1] iii Both at a (slightly) higher level. [1] c R ∝ length: 2 × length → 2 × resistance [1] 1 R ∝ cross-sectional area: 2 × diameter → 4 × area → 14 × resistance [1] 1 1 new resistance = 2 × 4 = 2 × old resistance [1]