Chemical blasting methods

Line Drilling and Cutting with cracking powder (non explosive material)
Against conventional explosives now we have a powder (Under various brand names
TIGER / SINOCRACK etc) that is mixed with water and poured in the drilled holes. This mix
expands and exerts pressure on the drilled hole walls and cracks through the
direction/alignment of holes

Soundless Cracking Agents are environmental friendly non-explosive demolition agent used
in quarrying of Dimension stone and demolishing of structures . When mixed with clean and
cold water to be mortar and poured into pre-drilling holes of rock and concrete, it swells
and exerts expansive capabilities on the hole-wall at a unit value of more than 50 Mpa
(500kg/cm2) which is strong enough to cut and crack concrete, marble and granite after a
certain period with no noise, no vibration, no ash, no toxic gas and no fly rock. It is safe,
environmental friendly, non-explosive. No special security required for storage. It hardens
and expands and then causes cracks systematically. After that, the material with cracks can
be easily removed with a pick hammer, a pneumatic breaker, an excavator, etc. Since it
demolishes objects by expansive stress, it is used for various purposes. In particular, this is
very suitable for demolition work in tight quarters where large-sized breaking machines or
explosives cannot be used due to their causing environmental problems.

The material comes in powder form. It expands considerably after mixing with water. This
expansion., when is contained in pre-drilled holes, generates significant expansive
pressures which cut or demolish any type of rock and concrete structures. Water and
ambient temperature are the most important variables in influencing the generation of
expansive pressure. The principles applied in using this is very much similar to those ones
followed in traditional blasting techniques. As for explosives, holes must be drilled to contain
this mix . The powder must be mixed with a measured quantity of water and poured into
the holes. Few minutes after pouring a reaction of hydration is taking place generating heat
and crystallizing and expanding while hardening. If hydration takes place under
confinement, significant expansive pressure will result, This does not need detonator,
ignition etc ..
Scope of use
Granite, marble, sandstone , limestone, quartzite quarrying and cutting
 Rocks pre-splitting, fracture, cut, demolish and removal
 Concrete structures demolition and rocks removal when explosion not allowed
 Rocks cutting for road
Properties
Non toxic, greyish white powder . The expansive stress reaches maximum value in about 24
hours of reaction, however, it still increase afterwards The expansive stress would grow up
with rising temperature. The expansive stress would decrease if water ratio increases. The
expansive stress would grow up with rising temperature and also increase in hole diameter.
1.Hole Diameter:- Allowable range of hole diameter is 36 to 50mm.The larger the hole
diameter, the greater the expansive stress and the wider the hole spacing
2.Hole Length :- This varies with the shape of the object to be demolished. When the
length is less than 3 times that of the hole diameter, less cracking will occur, the breaking
effect is lessened and the time required for demolition is increased.
3. Angle of Hole:- It is preferable to drill holes vertically, but in case of a thin material,
consideration should be given so as to make a long hole by drilling it obliquely since a
greater effect is achieved with a deeper hole.
4. Hole Spacing:-Hole spacing varies with the properties of rock, joint, volume to be
removed, conditions of free surface, quantity of re-bars, secondary breaking, work period
etc.

Kinds of objects Hole Length Kind of Rocks Hole Spacing

Boulder 80% of height
Bench 105% of height Hard Virgin Rock 40to60cm
Concrete 90% height Soft Virgin Rock 50to70cm
Pre splitting of the30 to 60cm
Application Mixing above

Requirements:-Container a metal round-shaped bucket or clean can, Paddle for mixing ,

beaker for measuring water, Goggles, Dust mask .Powder 5 kgs , Water 1.5liters Yield
volume: approxmately3.1liters. Note: standard water ratio to Split AG is 30%
Method of Mixing :-Pour 1.5liters clean water that is not contaminated with oil organic
substances etc and is below 15℃ when average atmospheric temperature is more than 30℃
and add 5kgs of powder gradually and mix well until it has good fluidity (cooler the water is
the longer the mix would remain fluid)
If the viscosity of the mixture is too high to pour into holes add a little water to get good
fluidity. However do not exceed 34@of water ratio (1.7 litres )
Mixing time using a hand-mixer is approximately 2-3 minutes it is recommended that a
mechanical mixer be used for large-volume jobs. When mixing by hand be sure to wear
rubber gloves

Filling:- The mix should be poured into holes within 10 minutes after mixing with water.
If left as it is more than 10 minutes it would gradually loose its fluidity and may be difficult
to pour into holes. Also it could result in blown out shots
If fluidity is reduced do not dilute with water as the strength would be greatly reduced
The mix should be poured into a hole to the top
In case of joints or large voids in the object to be demolished or if water is present use
polyethylene thin sack equal to or slightly larger than the hole diameter into the hole and
then pour. If there is water in the hole, the mix in the sack will displace the water in the
hole there is no change in the breaking effect by the use of this kind of sack
Also when a clayey layer of a rock creates a pocket in a hole during drilling be sure to use
the polyethylene sack for filling because filling of mix without the sack may cause blown-out
shots

Quantity of mix required per 1 m3

Quantity
Kinds of Objects to be demolished (kg)
Soft Rock 5-8kg
Medium Rock 8-12kg
ROCKS Hard Rock 12-20kg
Plain Concrete 5-8kg
Concrete having less of re-
bars 10-25kg
Reinforced Concrete having more of
CONCRETE Concrete re-bars 20-35kg
BRICK Anti-fire brick 10-25kg
 Hole Dia. (mm) 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Quantity (kg/m) 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.2

When an object with two or more free surfaces is to be demolished perfectly, quantity as
shown in the above table is required.
In case of demolition of boulders or bed rock, the required quantities of mix are 80% or
110% of indicated quantity in the above table, respectively.
In case of demolishing an object which has only one free surface or partial demolition etc. to
smaller-sized blocks, the required quantities of would increase in comparison with those
shown in the above table.

Curing
Cover the filled holes with a plastic cover etc to avoid any accident caused by blown-out
shots
Tamping with mortar or sand is not required at all after pouring .It is also not necessary to
put on any restrictive cap。Just leave as it is and wait until cracks initiate
The time required for crack formation in material at 20℃ is approximately 10-20 hours the
lower the temperature is ,the longer the time for crack formation
Spraying the surface with water after cracks initiate tend to expand the width of cracks and
speed up the cracking process
Note: be sure to wear protective glasses when checking for occurrence of cracks
Secondary breaking
After cracks initiate secondary breaking is carried out with a hand –breaker a pick-hammer,
a giant hydraulic breaker, a ripper, etc
It is best to wait until the mix has worked to full depth before removing rock or concrete
since premature removal at the first sigh of a crack hampers the leverage effect Note: a be
sure to wear protective glasses when secondary breaking is carried out
The crack time of traditional types take 6-8 hours after the completion of feeding. The
crack time can be controlled from 30 minutes to 24 hours by the dose of inhibitor added
into water. The speed of splitting is deter- mined by the reaction speed which is up to
the temperature of the job site. The higher temperature, the shorter the reaction time

Mechanism of cracking:- Expansive stresses gradually increases with time and reaches
(+) 50 mpa . The material to be cracked undergoes a process of (1) crack initiation (2)
crack propagation (3) increase in crack width.

It is possible to determine the directions of the cracks as planned by appropriately arranging

the hole spacing and its depth and its inclination. In the case of trenching, shafting or
tunnelling, if all holes are drilled vertically and filled with mix, the crack width can not
increase but horizontal cracks initiate. Therefore, in order to obtain two free surfaces,
inclined holes or pre-splitting must be required.
Blown –out Shot
A blown-out shot is that the mix filled into a hole spurts out from the hole when it is not
used properly. The blown-out shot occurs in succession 3-4 times after it occurs once, and
it may occur in other holes. Therefore, do not rush to field when the blown-out shot occurs.
The mix consists of an inorganic compound mainly made of a mixture of calcium oxide and
calcium silicate etc., and it is not toxic. However, it is a highly alkaline product so that eyes
may lose sight if mix comes in contact with them.

To Prevent Blown-out Shots

 Do not use beyond the temperature range, hole diameter, water temperature and
temperature
 Do not mix over one bag 5 kgs, with water at a time.
 Mixed with water should be poured into holes within 10 minutes.(Do not leave in a
mixing container. Remaining mix should be diluted with a plenty of water and then
disposed of on open ground.)
 Do not pour mix into vinyl chloride pipes.(In case of demolishing a temporary concrete
structure, be sure to use spiral sheath pipes.)
 Do not tamp the entrance of the holes with sand, mortar or any other materials.
 Do not tamp holes with a bar.
 Do not use hot water.

Safety Precaution

 Use Safety goggles, dust-proof mask, and rubber gloves while preparing, mixing and
filling.
 Plug the holes immediately after filling and cover the holes with straw mat.
 Keep your face away from the holes filled by mortar. Stay away from filled holes
at least 3 hours after filling to avoid blow-out shot.
 Keep people away from job site after filling.
 In case of contact with eyes and skin, either in dry or wet form, wash them
Immediately with large amounts of cold and clean water without rubbing. Consult
doctor quickly.

Composition

Name CAS no %
Calcium hydroxide 1305-62-0 60-100
Silica vitreous 60676-86-0 5-10
Diiron trioxide 1309-37-1 1-5
Aluminum oxide 1344-28-1 1-5

Shelf life when stored in sealed container 12 months when stored in dry place