Table of Contents

No Content Page
1 Introduction 2
2 Title 3
3 Objective 3
4 Scope of Test 3
5 Apparatus 4-6
Procedure
6 a) Sample Preparation 7-8
b) Testing 8 - 10
Raw Data
11
7 a) Dry Aggregate Sample Data
12
b) Wet Aggregate Sample Data
8 Analysis Data 13 - 14
9 Discussion 15
10 Conclusion 16
11 Attachment 17
12 Declaration 18

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 1

Introduction

Highway Engineering relates to the planning, design, construction and maintenance of roadway
and its facilities. Basically, it includes road hierarchy system, geometric design of highways and
pavement structural design. The aggregate impact value is a strength value of an aggregate that is
determined by performing the Aggregate Impact Test on a sample of the aggregate. Basically the
AIV is the percentage of fines produced from the aggregate sample after subjecting it to a
standard amount of impact. The standard amount of impact is produced by a known weight, i.e.
steel cylinder, falling a set height, a prescribed number of times, onto an amount of aggregate of
standard size and weight retained in a mould. Aggregate Impact Values, (AIV's), below 10 are
regarded as strong, and AIV's above 35 would normally be regarded as too weak for use in road
surfaces. Aggregate Impact Values and Aggregate Crushing Values are often numerically very
Similar, and indicate similar aggregate strength properties.

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 2

Title
Aggregate Impact Value Test

Objective
To determine the impact value in aggregates used in various pavement designs.

Scope of Test
The aggregate impact value gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to sudden
shock or impact, which in some aggregates differs from its resistance to a slowly applied
compressive load. With aggregate impact value higher than 30 the result maybe anomalous.

Apparatus used
1. Impact Testing Machine (British Standard 812:Part 112 1990)

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 3

 2. Sieves of Aperture sizes 14.0 mm, 10.0 mm and 2.36 mm

3. Cylindrical Metal Container with an internal diameter of 75 mm and internal depth of 50

mm

4. Metal Tamping Rod with 10 mm diameter, 230 mm long rounded at one end

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 4

 5. Balance of Capacity

6. Pan

7. Sieve

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 5

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 6
Procedure
a) Sample Preparation
1. The material for the standard test shall consist of aggregate passing a 14.0 mm sieve
and retained on a 10.0 mm sieve. The sample shall be surfaced dry. If dried by
heating, the period of drying shall not exceed 4 hours and the temperature shall not
exceed 110°C. Cooled to room temperature before testing. A clean cylindrical metal
container was weighed and denoted as W1.

2. The cylindrical metal was filled up with aggregates in three similar layers. Each layer
was temped 25 times with a 10mm rounded end temping rod by allowing the tamping
rod to fall freely from a height of about 50mm above the surface of the aggregate and
the blows evenly distributed over the surface.

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 7

 3. Any aggregate which impedes its progress was removed by the tamping rod across
and in contact with the top of the container.

4. The aggregate in the cylindrical metal container was weighed (W2). The mass of the
uncrushed sample alone was determined as W3, in which: W3=W2-W1.

b) Testing
1. The cylindrical metal container containing the whole of the test sample was fixed and
secured in its position on the base of the machine.

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 8

 2. The test sample was subjected to a total of 15 blows from the aggregate impact test
machine with each being delivered at an interval of not less than 1 second.

3. The cylindrical metal container containing the whole of crushed test sample was
unsecured and weighed. The mass of the crushed sample was determined as M1.

4. The crushed aggregate was removed by holding the cylindrical metal container over a
clean 2.36 mm of BS sieve and with a suitable rubber mallet the outside was
hammered until the sample particles are sufficiently distributed to enable the mass of
sample to fall freely on the sieve. The fine particles adhering were transferred to the
inside of cylindrical metal container by means of a stiff bristly brush.

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 9

 5. The whole of the sample was sieved in the tray on the 2.36mm BS test sieve until no
further significant amount passes in 3 minutes. The fractions passing (M2) and
retained (M3) on the sieve was weighed to an accuracy of 0.1g.
6. The whole procedure starting for 1 to 5 was repeated, thrice for dry testing condition
and thrice for a wet testing condition.

7. The ratio of the mass of fines formed to the total sample mass in each trial shall be
expressed as a percentage, the result was recorded to the first decimal place using the
using formulae:
AIV = (M2÷M1) X 100%

Where : M1 is the mass of surface dry sample (g)

: M2 is the mass of fraction passing the sieve for separating the
fines

8. The AIV average value of each test condition was determined.

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 10

Aggregate Impact Value Test

1. Dry Aggregate Sample Data

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Mass Of Container (W1) 1580 1580 1580

Mass Of Container And Sample (W2) 2178 2170 2158

Mass Of Uncrushed Sample (W3) 598 590 578

Mass Of Container And Crushed

2168 2160 2152
Sample

Mass Of Crushed Sample (M1) 588 588 572

Mass Of Fraction Passing 2.36 mm

68 76 64
Sieve (M2)
Mass Of Fraction Detained on 2.36
512 502 508
mm Sieve (M3)
Aggregate Impact Value Percentage
11.5% 13.1% 11.1%
(AIV)

AIV Average (%) 11.9%

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 11

 2. Wet Aggregate Sample Data

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Mass Of Container (W1) 1610 1610 1610

Mass Of Container And Sample (W2) 2212 2220 2222

Mass Of Uncrushed Sample (W3) 602 610 612

Mass Of Container And Crushed

2204 2218 2218
Sample

Mass Of Crushed Sample (M1) 594 608 608

Mass Of Fraction Passing 2.36 mm

64 48 56
Sieve (M2)
Mass Of Fraction Detained on 2.36
528 566 554
mm Sieve (M3)
Aggregate Impact Value Percentage
10.63% 7.87% 9.15%
(AIV)

AIV Average (%) 9.22%

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 12

Analysis Data

Calculation for dry sample data

Sample 1.
W3 = W2 – W1
= 2178 – 1580
= 598

= (mass of container + crushed sample) – W1

= 2168 – 1580
= 588

M1 = (mass of pan + crushed sample) – mass of pan

= 342 – 274
= 68

M2 = (mass of sieve 2.36mm + crushed sample) – mass of sieve 2.36mm

= 870 – 358
= 512

AIV % = (M2 ÷ M1) X 100%

= (68 ÷ 588) X 100%
= 11.5 %

AIV Sample 1+AIV Sample 2+AIV Sample 3

AIV Average = 3

= 11.9%

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 13

Calculation for wet sample data

Sample 1.
W3 = W2 – W1
= 2212 – 1610
= 602

= (mass of container + crushed sample) – W1

= 2204 – 1610
= 594

M1 = (mass of pan + crushed sample) – mass of pan

= 352 – 288
= 64

M2 = (mass of sieve 2.36mm + crushed sample) – mass of sieve 2.36mm

= 866 – 388
= 528

AIV % = (M2 ÷ M1) X 100%

= (64 ÷ 602) X 100%
= 10.63 %

AIV Sample 1+AIV Sample 2+AIV Sample 3

AIV Average = 3

= 9.22%

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 14

Discussion

1. Discuss the importance of this test.

To measure and determine the strength and durability of aggregate to impact the loads
imposed when the aggregate used in various pavement designs.

2. Outline the usage of AIV representation in pavement design.

To know the percentage of crushed aggregate and to determine the strength so that the
aggregate can be used as pavement materials or not.

3. State the permissible value of AIV required by JKR and explain what would have
happened if the specified value is not met.
Exceed imposed on dried sample, a high percentage of available samples dried assistance,
scattered all over the place due the impact imposed on a continuous sample with a
maximum value.
A value that has been authorized by the Public Work Department is to plan and maintain
all network traffic is going to happen. The surrounding of these specification are not met
may cause problem in plan to upgrade roads in every place.

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 15

Conclusion

Conclusion that can be seemed from this laboratory test is the dry sample of aggregate has AIV
average that over than 10%, it was 13.8%. Compare to the wet sample of aggregate, the AIV
average was 9.22%. The suitable percentage of aggregate use for pavement purpose is 10% and
below. Aggregate Impact Value Test is important to know the strength and durability of the
aggregate to help the Road Designer to design good and long lasting road.

Attachment

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 16

 DECLARATION

“I declare that this report entitled aggregate impact value BS 812 : part 112 1990 is the result of
my own research except as cited in the references”.

Signature: ………………………….
Name of Candidate: BENNIDET JUAT ANAK GEORGE
Date: 04.02.2013

CC302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 17