7.500 5.600 5.400 5.500 4.

600

Introduction
A laptop, often called a notebook or "notebook computer", is a small, portable personal
computer with a "clamshell" form factor, an alphanumeric keyboard on the lower part of the
"clamshell" and a thin LCD or LED computer screen on the upper portion, which is opened up to
use the computer. Laptops are folded shut for transportation, and thus are suitable for mobile
use.[1] Although originally there was a distinction between laptops and notebooks, the former
being bigger and heavier than the latter, as of 2014, there is often no longer any
difference.[2] Laptops are commonly used in a variety of settings, such as at work, in education,
in playing games, Internet surfing, for personal multimedia and general home computer use.
A standard laptop combines the components, inputs, outputs, and capabilities of
a desktop computer, including the display screen, small speakers, a keyboard, hard disk
drive, optical disc drive pointing devices (such as a touchpad or trackpad), a processor,
and memory into a single unit. Most 2016-era laptops also have integrated webcams and built-
in microphones. Some 2016-era laptops have touchscreens. Laptops can be powered either from
an internal battery or by an external power supply from an AC adapter. Hardware specifications,
such as the processor speed and memory capacity, significantly vary between different types,
makes, models and price points. Design elements, form factor and construction can also vary
significantly between models depending on intended use. Examples of specialized models of
laptops include rugged notebooks for use in construction or military applications, as well as low
production cost laptops such as those from the One Laptop per Child organization, which
incorporate features like solar charging and semi-flexible components not found on most laptop
computers. Portable computers, which later developed into modern laptops, were originally
considered to be a small niche market, mostly for specialized field applications, such as in the
military, for accountants, or for traveling sales representatives. As portable computers evolved
into the modern laptop, they became widely used for a variety of purposes.
History
As the personal computer (PC) became feasible in 1971, the idea of a portable personal
computer soon followed. A "personal, portable information manipulator" was imagined by Alan
Kay at Xerox PARC in 1968, and described in his 1972 paper as the "Dynabook". The IBM
Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) was demonstrated in 1973. This prototype
was based on the IBM PALM processor. The IBM 5100, the first commercially available
portable computer, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype.
 As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased
rapidly. The first laptop-sized notebook computer was the Epson HX-20, invented by Suwa
Seikosha's Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980, introduced by Japanese company Seiko Epson in
1981, and widely released in 1982. It had an LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a
calculator-size printer, in a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) chassis, the size of an A4 notebook. It was described
as a "laptop" and "notebook" computer in its patent The Osborne 1, released in 1981, was
a luggable computer that used the Zilog Z80 and weighed 24.5 pounds (11.1 kg). It had no
battery, a 5 in (13 cm) CRT screen, and dual 5.25 in (13.3 cm) single-density floppy drives.
Both Tandy/RadioShack and HP also produced portable computers of varying designs during
this period. The first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1980s. The Dulmont
Magnum was released in Australia in 1981–82, but was not marketed internationally until 1984–
85. The US$8,150 (US$20,230 today) GRiD Compass 1101, released in 1982, was used
at NASA and by the military, among others. The Sharp PC-5000, Ampere and Gavilan
SC released in 1983. The Gavilan SC was described as a "laptop" by its manufacturer, while the
Ampere had a modern clamshell design. The Toshiba T1100 won acceptance not only among PC
experts but the mass market as a way to have PC portability.
From 1983 onward, several new input techniques were developed and included in
laptops, including the touchpad (Gavilan SC, 1983), the pointing stick (IBM ThinkPad 700,
1992), and handwriting recognition (Linus Write-Top, 1987). Some CPUs, such as the 1990
Intel i386SL, were designed to use minimum power to increase battery life of portable computers
and were supported by dynamic power management features such as Intel SpeedStep and
AMD PowerNow! in some designs.
Displays reached 640x480 (VGA) resolution by 1988 (Compaq SLT/286), and color
screens started becoming a common upgrade in 1991, with increases in resolution and screen
size occurring frequently until the introduction of 17" screen laptops in 2003. Hard drives started
to be used in portables, encouraged by the introduction of 3.5" drives in the late 1980s, and
became common in laptops starting with the introduction of 2.5" and smaller drives around 1990;
capacities have typically lagged behind physically larger desktop drives. Optical storage, read-
only CD-ROM followed by writeable CD and later read-only or writeable DVD and Blu-
ray players, became common in laptops early in the 2000s.
 Chapter 1: Presentation of the commodity group

Gaming laptops are the mobile equivalent of gaming desktops and are usually more
expensive than their desktop counterparts. Currently, most gaming laptops feature more power
efficient versions of high end desktop graphics cards, which nevertheless still significantly drain
the battery, and necessitate more advanced systems. One recent development
by Nvidia is SLI for laptops. Generally, gaming laptops are not considered "rigs" as the term can
also refer to the physical size of the system. Modern gaming laptops[28] can achieve respectable
game performance, but never quite match desktops in a class to class comparison, and most do
not feature upgradeable graphics cards.
Due to the relatively small size that the hardware has to fit in, cooling the heat intensive
components is a major problem affecting the performance of such laptops, usually causing
degraded value for money performance wise. Attempts at using the same performance hardware
as desktops usually end in a decreased clock frequency of graphics chips to reduce heat, causing
the poor value for money.
The introduction of the Nvidia GTX 900M series of mobile GPUs in late 2014
represented a significant advancement from the previous 800M series, lessening the gap with
desktop systems and making gaming laptops a more viable alternative to desktop PCs.
A newer approach in the gaming PC industry is to create small form factor desktops that
are more compact and easier to transport than a normal full sized system. Examples include
the Falcon Northwest FragBox, Razer Blade and Alienware X51.

Components:
-Graphics card
A graphics card also known as a GPU is essential to any gaming laptop except in some
budget end ones that utilize an Accelerated processing unit (AMD APU). Modern cards connect
to a computer motherboard using the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express
or PCI-E). There are two major manufacturers when it comes to selecting a GPU for a gaming
laptops, AMD and NVIDIA. These companies provide GPU's which other companies such
as MSI and ASUS, then design circuit boards and cooling shrouds for, making up between them
the combined item known as a graphics card. While most graphics cards are designed (apart from
the GPU) by the hardware vendor which sells it under their brand name, sometimes the GPU
manufacturer will send out reference cards (with the PCB and cooling shroud entirely designed
by the GPU manufacturer) for reviews or evaluation. Some models, like the Nvidia GTX
TITAN are only authorized to be sold with the GPU manufacturer-designed circuit board and
shroud.
-Processors
Another major component that cannot be overlooked in a gaming laptops is the processor,
or CPU (Central Processing Unit). Again, there are two major brands when it comes to selecting
a CPU, AMD and Intel. According to benchmarks conducted in 2012, the Intel Core i7 appears
to have a major performance advantage over its AMD counterparts. This is no surprise as the i7
is marketed towards high-end personal computing. It is worth noting, however, that after a
certain point, CPUs often have limited impact on actual gaming performance (often less than 5%
in frame rates). In the world of technology, it is important to stay up to date on all the current
benchmarks.
-Motherboards
The motherboard is the component inside of every laptop that brings all the hardware
together. It manages the input and output connections. Motherboards come in different form
factors, or physical sizes. The most common form factors are ATX, mATX, and Mini-
ITX. Gaming machines typically use ATX motherboards, as their size allows for greater future
expansion. Most gaming motherboards provide Overclocking ability to enhance system speeds
and support high amounts of RAM.
-Memory
DDR Memory
DDR (Double Data Rate) Memory is essential for any computer system. Adding more
memory allows the CPU to address more data for it to quickly access instead of reading off a
comparatively slow disk drive or solid sate storage device. DDR RAM also has much lower
latency than its GDDR counterpart and much lower bandwidth as the CPU relies on being able to
change small amounts of data quickly. The latest standard of DDR memory is DDR4L.
-GDDR Memory
GDDR (Graphical Double Data Rate) memory is required for the operation of any PCIe
graphic card and is built directly onto the card itself. The amount of RAM built onto a graphic
card allows the GPU to quickly access data such as textures instead of reading off of a much
slower storage device. Having more GDDR memory allows the system to handle higher levels of
Anti-Aliasing and more complex textures. GDDR memory has a much higher latency when
compared to DDR memory but also has a much larger bandwidth thus allowing the GPU to deal
with larger amounts of data at a slower rate when compared to a CPU. The latest revision of
GDDR memory is GDDR5x.
-Solid state drives
Solid-state drives (SSD) are a newer form of data storage which is gaining in popularity.
The more common and traditional hard disk drive (HDD) is still the more widely used, but many
gaming enthusiasts are turning to SSDs in favor of the advantages they offer over HDDs. Unlike
HDDs, SSDs have no moving mechanical parts, meaning they are less susceptible to shock and
also run silently. SSDs also offer faster access time, as HDDs require time in order for the
moving parts to speed up to operating specifications. An SSD drive can be 4 or 5 times faster
than a traditional HDD drive. For an SSD drive, files almost open instantly. This means with an
SSD, booting up a system and launching programs take less time. SSDs will increase the
performance of a system by how often the game accesses the drive in order load items from the
game such as levels and textures. However, SSDs cost much more than HDDs do per gigabyte,
meaning in terms of pure capacity, they are not as cost effective. They also currently offer a
lower common maximum capacity than HDDs.

-Cooling systems
Many gamers and computer enthusiasts choose to overclock their CPU(s) and GPU(s) in
order to gain extra performance. The added power draw needed to overclock either processing
unit often requires additional cooling to what the original equipment manufacturer shipped their
product with, most notably in the case of CPUs. Two types of mainstream cooling exist, air
cooling and water cooling. Air cooling, the more common of the two, uses a heat sink often in
conjunction with heat pipes or vapor chambers to move heat away from the component and
dissipate it into the air. Water cooling is somewhat more complex, it makes use of water blocks,
radiators, pumps, tubing and optionally a reservoir. Water removes heat by running water
through a block affixed to the component and then allowing the water time in the radiator in
order to cool off. Fans are often used to increase a radiator's rate of heat dissipation.

Advantages: What are the good points of using a laptop computer for gaming?
Ultra-Portability: The best feature of a laptop is that it is a mobile device, which is
easily portable form one location to another. In case of gamers, they can take the gaming
notebook to a tournament center or could play games at a friend’s home. For students laptops is
not less than a blessing, they can travel any part of the world and take the laptop in their personal
bag or lagguage.
Compact Size: Having a full fledge computer machine squeezed down into a small
notebook makes its cover less area and weight much much less than desktop computer. This
makes laptop easy to handle and store in your room or your backpack. This makes laptops as
very handy computer gadgets and makes life easier for the user.
Low Power Consumption: One great aspect of running a laptop computer is that they
are power conservative and does not need much electricity to run. This makes it work longer
when running on a battery and secondly it generates less heat energy due to small size of parts
consuming small power.
No Heavy Cooling Needed: As mentioned earlier that small hardware components
makes them run on low voltage and when computer is super busy especially the processor and
graphic cards they generate small amount of heat energy. You do not need heavy cooling to keep
your laptop under a moderate temperature. In some extreme gaming desktops especially custom
ones, heat is so high that you need liquid coolants.
Disadvantages: What are the bad points of gaming laptops for users in general?
Expensive To Buy: One of the biggest drawback of gaming laptops are that they are not
cheap like desktops. You can find cheap laptops but not gaming grade models, for those you
need to spend minimum $1000 and sky is the limit. A new Razer laptop named Blade is super
expensive and cost around $2800. On the other hand you can find much heavy gaming desktops
at affordable rates.
No Upgrades Available: You spent bunch of cash to get your laptop for gaming, and
now you regret that you cannot upgrade a hardware component especially graphic card and
processor. This makes laptops are unrealistic for gamers and as the gaming industry is
expanding, more heavy games are entering the market and require faster hardware components.
So when you need to upgrade hardware for laptop, the only option is to sell existing one and buy
a brand new.
Popularity Amongst Gamers: Due to up-gradation issues and expensive price tags, not
a lot of pro gamers use laptops for playing games, they do use them but as a secondary computer
because they consider desktop as the primary gaming machine. This trend is changing with
passage of time but still desktops dominates the gaming market.
Health Caution: Not suitable for long hours of gameplay as it can negatively affect the
health of the user due to staying in body postures that can lead to back or neck pain. Laptops
comes with flexibility to place anywhere you want, if you check the word lap top, it means a
computer that you can place on your lap! So be careful take care of your back and neck and
exercise regularly.
Battery life is typically poor because of the high-end parts like GPU or CPU that
consume a lot of energy from the battery if the gaming laptop is used unplugged.
 Health problems caused by laptops
Technology has truly become an inseparable part of our lives and an essential tool in
every field. But, with increasing number of computer users, the number health issues are also
growing at a rapid pace. If you work in front of a computer for a few hours that too once in a
while you may not be at a health risk. But if you spend about 4 hours or more everyday then you
should probably keep a check on these health issues.

-Musculoskeletal problems:
Muscle soreness and muscle fatigue are the most common complaints of regular
computer users. Back pain, chest pain, pain or numbness in arms, shoulder and feet top the list.
These types of problems mainly occur because your posture while using the computer is not
correct. Either you are sitting on an uncomfortable chair or your workstation is not supportive of
correct posture. Read more about causes of muscle pain.
-Vision problems
Bright light and bad glare or flickering image can strain your eyes. Constantly focusing
on the screen without blinking can cause dry eyes. Computer vision syndrome is another
problem that you may suffer from. Here are some natural remedies for improving eye sight.
-Headache
Because of increased muscle tension or pain in the neck at the base of the skull, headache
is common problem with computer use. Many a times, prolonged use can affect eye power which
needs vision correction. This can also result in headache. Here are more reasons why you should
take your headache seriously.
-Obesity
Studies have shown that prolonged use of computers, especially in children, is the major
contributing factor of sedentary lifestyle and childhood obesity. Read more about the reason why
childhood obesity is on the rise.
-Stress disorders
Technology has a huge impact on our behaviour and emotions. Prolonged computer use
along with other factors like poor health, work pressure and job environment can make you
susceptible to stress. Moreover, the longer you uphold the stress, the more susceptible you
become to other health issues mentioned above. It can also lead to loss of concentration,
dizziness and weariness.
 Chapter 2: Product market
Overview of the global gaming laptop market
Market research analysts at Technavio predict that the global gaming laptop market will
grow steadily during the next four years and post a CAGR of more than 21% by 2021. This
market research analysis identifies the growing popularity of e-sports as one of the primary
growth factors for this market. Since e-sports create an environment for viewers to experience
real-life gaming, the recent years witnessed a significant increase in the growth of the e-sports
market. Additionally, the huge prize money involved with the various gaming tournaments that
create high career prospects for gamers is increasing the number of gamers who aspire to become
professional gamers. This will increase the number of venture capitalists investing in the e-sports
market, which will consequently, propel the demand for laptops for gaming and gaming
peripherals during the next four years.
This market research report estimates that in terms of geographical regions, the Americas
will be the major revenue contributor to the market throughout the next four years. This is
mainly due to the presence of numerous gamers in the developed countries such as the US.
Moreover, the growth of the gaming market in South America due to the increased spending
capability of the population and an increase in number of hardcore gamers in countries such as
Brazil and Mexico, will also fuel the gaming laptop market’s growth prospects in this region.
Competitive landscape and key vendors
The market is characterized by the presence of several leading vendors and appears to be
highly competitive. Performance, innovation, product features, product quality, low cost, selling
price, and financial stability are some of the major factors the vendors usually compete on.
Vendors in the gaming laptop market are also increasing their investments towards designing,
planning, developing, branding, expanding existing facilities, and acquiring new players in the
market. With an increase in product extensions, the market’s competitive environment will futher
intensify in the coming years. To remain competitive in the market, the vendors have the need to
develop new ideas and technologies and should also stay updated with the emerging technologies
that could affect their product lines.
The leading vendors in the market are:
-Acer
-ASUS
-Dell
-MSI
-ORIGIN PC
The other prominent vendors in the market are AORUS, CLEVO, Eluktronics, EVGA,
Gigabyte Technology, HP, Lenovo, Razer USA, and XOTIC PC.
 Segmentation by end-users and analysis of the gaming laptop market:
-Casual gamers
-Hardcore gamers
-Professional gamers
During 2016, the professional gamers segment accounted for the major shares and
dominated the gamer laptop market. The professional gamers are highly skilled gamers and are
always on the lookout for various gaming platforms. The growth of the overall gaming market
and the passion and seriousness of professional gaming that is inspiring hardcore gamers to
become professional gamers, will drive the growth of the gaming laptop market in this segment.
Segmentation by price and analysis of the gaming laptop market:
-USD 600 to USD 999
-USD 1000 to USD 1999
-USD 2000 to USD 2999
-USD 3000 and above
According to this market research and analysis, 2016 witnessed an increased demand for
gaming laptops priced between USD 1000 to USD 1999. This is mainly due to the high-end
technology offered by game laptops for the best gaming experience such as a high-speed
processor of 2.6 GHz, a storage capacity of 1 TB, and the HD display quality.
The laptop industry has shown an aggressive growth over the last five years. First,
computer products are quickly becoming essential household items, with the percentage of
households with at least one computer growing. Additionally, rapid technological advancements
combined with efficient production methods have caused retail prices to drop dramatically over
the past decade, making computers more affordable than ever before. The laptop market will
benefit from the growing popularity of ultrabooks, laptops with reduced size and weight,
extended battery life and comparable product performance.
From the best gaming laptops on the market, we can count a few:
1.Razer Blade – Razer
Firm presentation:
Founded in 2005 in San Diego, California by CEO Min-Liang Tan and Robert Krakoff,
Razer began in a tiny shared office of gamers, with a mission to create high quality products
designed solely to meet the demanding needs of gamers like themselves.
Today, with hundreds of employees in offices all around the world, Razer is known for
its relentless pursuit of perfection, innovation to produce a unified platform of connected devices
and software.
 The use of cutting edge technology, together with contributions by top Esports athletes,
followed by constant fine-tuning, has resulted in an interactive, competitive, and immersive
experience that is designed for gamers, by gamers.
As the gaming industry continues to grow, Razer is positioned firmly on the forefront,
armed with passion, determination, and gaming innovations that are truly made for gamers.

Product presentation:
CPU: 2.6GHz Intel Core i7-6700HQ | Graphics: Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 (6GB
GDDR5 VRAM) | RAM: 16GB | Screen: 14-inch FHD (1,920 x 1,080) – QHD+ (3,200 x
1,800) IGZO (LED backlit, multi-touch) | Storage: 256GB – 1TB PCIe SSD
Price: $1800

Image 1: Razer Blade

2.Asus ROG Strix GL502 - Asus

Firm presentation:
The ASUS name comes from the last four letters of the word Pegasus, the winged horse of Greek
mythology, which is the artistic inspiration and teaching. ASUS incorporates the power, creative
spirit and purity symbolized by this mythical creature that goes to new heights of quality and
innovation with every product that is introduced to the market.
 Asus places great importance on employee virtues. Five characteristics have been
identified as key to the smooth development of processes and relationships. The five Asus
virtues are: humility, integrity, diligence, agility and courage.
Asus also has their own succes formula, which states that winning equals marketing
(quality, speed, innovation, service) divided by cost.

Product presentation:
CPU: Intel Core i7 | Graphics: Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 - 1070 | RAM: 16GB DDR4
| Screen: 15.6-inch full HD 1,920 x 1,080 IPS | Storage: 128GB - 256GB SSD, 1TB HDD
Price: $1350

Image 2: Asus ROG Strix GL502

3.Alienware 13 R3 – Dell
Firm presentation:
Dell Inc. (stylized as DELL) is a multinational computer technology company based
in Round Rock, Texas and, along with Dell EMC, is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies, one of
the largest technology companies in the world with 138,000 employees. Dell manufactures,
sells, repairs, and supports personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network
switches, computer software, computer peripherals, high-definition televisions, cameras, printers,
and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations
in supply chain management and e-commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its "build-
to-order" or "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs
configured to customer specifications.
Alienware is an American computer hardware subsidiary of Dell. Their products are
designed for gaming and can be identified by their alien-themed designs. Alienware was
founded in 1996 by Nelson Gonzalez and Alex Aguila. The company's corporate headquarters is
located in The Hammocks, in Miami, Florida.

Product presentation:
CPU: Intel Core i5 – i7 | Graphics: Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 | RAM: 8GB – 16GB
DDR4 | Screen: 13.3-inch HD 1,366 x 768 TN – QHD 2,560 x 1440 OLED touchscreen
| Storage: 180GB – 512GB SSD Price: $1300

Image 3: Alienware 13 R3

4.Gigabyte Aero 14 - Gigabyte

Firm presentation:
Gigabyte was found in 1986 and it can be found in Asia’s Top 100 Tech Companies and
Taiwan Top 20 Brands.
Gigabyte is always customer-oriented from the very beginning of product design to the
end of value chain. With the focus on consumer needs, the delivery of customer experience has
been transformed into tangible.
Gigabyte integrates the best quality of components to ensure outstanding stability and
reliability.
 Product presentation:
CPU: Intel Core i7 | Graphics: Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 (6GB GDDR5)
| RAM: 16GB – 32GB | Screen: 14-inch, QHD 2,560 x 1,440 anti-glare IPS | Storage: 512GB –
1TB SSD
Price : $1330

Image 4: Gigabyte Aero 14

5.HP Omen 17 – HP
Firm presentation:
The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-
Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo
Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as
software and related services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and
large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors.
Their vision is to create technology that makes life better for everyone, everywhere —
every person, every organization, and every community around the globe.

Product presentation:
CPU: 6th gen Intel Core i7 | Graphics: Nvidia GeForce GTX 1070 (8GB GDDR5); Intel
HD Graphics 530 | RAM: 16GB DDR4 | Screen: 17.3-inch 4K (3,840 x 2,160) IPS with G-Sync
| Storage: 1TB - 2TB HDD, 128GB SSD
Price: $1100
Image 5: HP Omen 17