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1.

0 Introduction
Sanitary refers to the situations that affect the hygiene, particularly the supply of
sewage facilities and clean drinking water (Oxford Dictionaries, n.d.). Appliances are
devices or instruments used and designed to perform a specific task (The Free Dictionary,
n.d.). Sanitary appliances are “fittings used for collection and discharge of the soil and
waste matter” (Sanitary appliances, 2012). Sanitary appliances are very important in
every home. They are used to dispose the waste material and cleaning the house. Sanitary
appliances are divided into two main groups which are waste and soil appliances. Waste
appliances are used for collection and discharge of the water (Masterman& Boyce, 1984,
pg. 150) such as sinks, bathtubs, basins, showers and bidet (Treloar, 2000, pg. 270).
While soil appliances are used for collection and discharge of the foul matter or waste
matter from human body (Buildsrilanka, n.d.) such as urinals and water closets
(Masterman& Boyce, 1984, pg. 150). Different types of building required different
sanitary appliances. All the sanitary appliances should be made of non-absorbent, non-
corroding, smooth and easily cleaned material (Sanitary appliances, 2012). These
appliances usually made from ceramics, stainless steel and plastic (Environment and
Services, 1997, pg. 229).

We had made a site visit to several kitchen accessories and sanitary ware’s shops
in Sibu area. These places including Naga Pipe Company, The Home Essential and
Syarikat Hoo Bee. The reason we choose to visit these shops is because they provided
catalogue of sanitary appliances for us.

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In this assignment, we are going to present four types of sanitary appliances that
available in the market. In addition, we are going to compare any two brands of each
sanitary appliance. Every sanitary appliance has its own function and installation method.
Throughout this assignment, we are going to explain all the details of four types of the
appliances. The four types of sanitary appliances we had chosen are water closets (WCs),
bathtubs, urinals and wash basins. The reason we choose these four types of sanitary
appliances is because they are normally required in the residential building. It is
important to maintain a healthy and hygiene condition by these sanitary appliances.
Water closets (WCs) are used for the disposal of human urine and faeces (The free
dictionary, n.d.). Bathtubs are a large and long container for people to take bath (Merriam
Webster, n.d.). Urinals are sanitary fittings that fixed on the wall which used by men for
urination (Macmillan Dictionary, n.d.). Wash basins are a bowl that fixed on wall to
supply and discharge the water (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, n.d.).

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2.0 Sanitary Appliances, Comparison, Functionality and
Installation Method
2.1 Soil Appliances

2.1.1 Water Closets (WCs)

Water closets (WCs) are plumbing fixtures for the toilets used to carry out the
human excrete. It disposes of human excrete, by using water to flush it through a
drainpipe (Mirzausman, n.d). “Speakers of British English may refer to such a room as a
“W.C.” ” (What Is a Water Closet?,n.d). It has two type of watercloset such as
Washdown and Siphonic WC.

(i) Comparison of Two Brands

Brand Docasa Sericite


Picture

Origin Spain Malaysia

Model Name & Richmore, A900 Rhodium WC Suite, WC 1026


Number
Feature Dual flush Dual flush
Structure One piece closet Two piece closet

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Flush Type Washdown Washdown

Size 785mm x 415mm x 663mm 720mm x 374mm x 748mm

Colour White White

Toilet Bowl Round D shape


Shape
Trap P-trap : 180mm P-trap : 185mm

Installed Type Floor mounted Floor mounted

Price RM 668.00 RM 650.00

(Docasa, 2013) (Sericite, 2012)

Table 1 : Comparison of water closets (WCs) between Docasa and Sericite

(ii) Explanation

The brandsthat we choose to compare the water closet are Docasa and Sericite.
These two brands are originated from different places.Docasa is originated from Spain
and Sericite is originated from Malaysia.The price of Docasa brand is RM668.00 and
Sericite is RM650.00. Even though these two brands are close in price, but the function
and appearance are different.These two brands use washdown method to flush down the
waste material. Washdown toilets do not use flushing. When we flushed, the water
released very quickly from the tank to the bowl through an open rim bowl design. The
flush is fast and allows for superior movement down the sewage drains(What is a
washdown toilet?,n.d.).
The dimension of Docasa is 785mm x 415mm x 663mm whileSericite is
720mm x 374mm x 748mm.These two brands have different structure.Docasa is one
piece closet design while Sericite is two piece closet designs. One piece closet is simpler
to clean and install, and it is a great choice when bathroom space is limited. Two piece
closet is more economical than the one piece closet (How to choose the toilet, 2015).

The toilet bowl shape of DOCASA is round while Sericite is D shape. Both of
the water closets use dual flush to flush down the excrete. Dual flush can save the water

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because it offers the option to use only when the water is needed (Dual-Flush
Toilets,n.d.). These two brands have the same colourwhich is white colour. Both brands
use P-trap shape but in different length. P-trap length of Docasa is 180mm which is
shorter compare to Sericite.
Docasa brand have bidet and it function as to control the water pressure but
Sericite brand does not have this function.Docasa and Sericite brand installed the water
closets (WCs) by mounting on the floor. The toilet seats of these two brands are soft
closing and a cover is required. This type of seat is very quiet, close in a very slow
fashion and easy to install alternative to traditional toilet seats (Soft Close Toilet Seat
Benefits,n.d.).

(iii) Installation Method


Docasa Brand Water Closet (One piece)
(How to Replace a Toilet Flange,n.d.), (Installation Guide,2010)

Figure 1 (Tony wood, 2015) Figure 2

Figure 3 Figure 4

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1. First, install the closet flange (figure 1) at the soil pile by using the bolts.
2. Second, install the trap into the drainage pipe of the bowl.
3. Next, lift up the toilet and push the new wax ring into the place on the bottom.
4. Carefully align and lower the toilet over the closet flange and T-bolts. Then, apply
full body weight to the toilet rim to set the seal. (figure 2)
5. After that, assemble the bolt cap bases, washer, and nuts on the exposed T-bolts.
Hand tightens the nuts and then tighten them an additional 1/2-turn. (Figure 3)
6. After that, cut off the excess bolts, file the end and install the bolt caps.(Figure 4)
7. Then, reconnect the water supply hose.
8. Next, install the bidet before installing the toilet seat.
9. After the bidet has been installed, connect to the pipe then install the toilet seat on the
tall.
10. Lastly, turn on the water supply and flush to ensure that the toilet is working properly
and there are no leaks.

Sericite Brand Water Closet (Two piece)

(Installation and Care Guide Toilet,2013)

Figure 1 (Kohler, 2009) Figure 2

1. First, install the closet flange at the soil pipe.


2. Second, install the trap into the drainage pipe of the bowl.
3. Next, install the L bracket and insert the hexagon, screw into the bracket through the
washer then tighten the screw. (Figure 1)

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4. After that, place the gasket under the tank. Position the water tank on the bowl by
centering thegasket on the bowl and line up the tank and bowl screw holes. (Figure2)
5. Then, securely tighten the screws.
6. Next, install the wax ring to the underside of the wax ring plate and press evenly.
Mount wax ring plate with T-bolts. Align outlet and carefully lower over brackets.
7. After that, connect the hose with the water supply.
8. Then, install the toilet seat.
9. Lastly, turn on the water supply and check for the leaks.

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2.1.1Urinals

Urinal is a plumbing fixture that designed for the collection of the urine and
equipped with a water supply for flushing (Dictionaries of construction, n.d.). Urinals are
normally installed in the “commercial, industrial buildings and schools”. It is to reduce
the number of water closets (WCs) in the male toilet (Hall, 1988, pg. 104).

(i) Comparison of Two Brands

Brand Kohler Inno

Picture

Origin United States of America Malaysia

Model Number K-4915 UB 4002

Feature Washout Urinal Siphon Jet Urinal

Material Vitreous China Vitreous China


Size 464mm x 362mm x 822mm 330mm x 325mm x 590mm

Colour White White

Litre per flush (lpf) 1.90 lpf 2.50 lpf

Spud Location Rear Top


Installation Type Wall mounted Wall mounted

(Kohler, n.d.) (Inno, 2008)

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Price RM 5331.41 RM 1083.20

(Kohler, n.d.) (Inno, 2008)

Table 2 : Comparison of urinals between Kohler and Inno

(ii) Explanation

Based on table 2, we had chosen Kohler and Inno brands of urinals to compare.
Kohler brand urinal was originated from United States of America. Inno brand urinal was
originated from Malaysia. These two brands have ultra high efficiency and low
consumption. Both of these urinals are made from vitreous China. They are installed by
mounted on the wall.

Kohler brand urinal has the size of 464mm x 362mm x 822mm which is bigger
than the Inno brand. It is a washout urinal. Washout urinal which also refers to wash
down urinal. It is a flushing system which cleans the side wall and bowl area of urinal,
the water is exchanged by existing through a bottom outlet (American Standard, 2015).
The spud location of Kohler brand is set up at the back of the urinal. It costs RM 5331.41.
It is more expensive than the Inno brand because of it is a touchless electronic flush valve
Touchless electronic flush valve is also refers as sensor flush valve. Meanwhile, it uses
battery to operate. In addition, this urinal has water-saving function and it is more
hygiene compare to Inno brand. It can be operated in range of 1.9 litres per flush (lpf).

Inno brand urinal has the size of 330mm x 325mm x 590mm which is smaller
than the Kohler brand. It is a siphon jet urinal. Siphon jet urinal requires a large volume
of water enter the bowl quickly so the siphonic action can pull waste from the bottom of
the bowl. A siphon jet is a hole near the bottom of the bowl that allows for this rapid
water movement (American Standard, 2015). The spud location was set up on top of the
urinal. It costs RM 1083.20 which is cheaper and economical than the Kohler brand. It is
because it is just a simple urinal. It does not require any additional function compare to
Kohler brand.

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(iii) Installation Method

As to install the urinal on wall, we recommended preparing these following tools and
materials. These included safety glasses, tape measure, adjustable wrench, screwdriver,
pencil and thread sealant.

Kohler Brand Urinal (Kohler, 2012)

Step 4

Step 5 & 6

Step 8

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1. First, turn off the water supply.
2. Then, install or reallocate the waste pipe to the roughing-in dimensions.
3. After that, install the shut-off valve.
4. Next, install the supporting framing and wall hangers according to the roughing-in
instructions by screwing.
5. Then, apply the thread sealant tape and install the collar to the drain.
6. Next, place the gasket onto the collar.
7. After that, place the urinal on the wall hangers.
8. Then, install the valve and batteries according to the instruction or illustration given.
9. The urinal has been completely installed.
10. You may test by standing in front of the urinal. The valve will flush after a slight
delay.

Inno Brand Urinal (Kohler, 2013)

Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

Step 6 Step 7

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1. First, turn off the water supply.
2. Then, install a support framing (board) on the wall.
3. After that, install the wall hangers on the support framing by screwing.
4. Next, apply the thread sealant tape to the pipe threads and install collar and gasket to
the waste pipe.
5. Then, place the urinals on the wall hangers.
6. Next, the urinal is being fixed to the female collar by using the screws and washers
provided.
7. After that, install the flush valve on top of the urinal according to the instruction
provided.
8. Then, turn on the water supply.
9. Lastly, check and flush the urinal.

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2.1 Waste Appliances

2.2.1 Bathtubs

Bathtub can be defined as a tub for people to take bath. It is also a large container
for holding water and use to wash the body. Besides, according to Ripka (2006), bathtub
defined as a receptacle for water that is shaped to fit a human body and it is used for
bathing. There are a lot of different types of bathtubs such as drop in bathtub, walk in
bathtub, free standing bathtub, claw foot bathtub, corner bathtub, etc(Types of bath, n.d.)

(i) Comparison of Two Brands

Brand Kohler Jiadejia


Picture

Type of bathtubs Drop-in whirlpool Bathroom massage bathtub


Name Ove Jacuzzi
Model number K-1709T JD2016A
Material Acrylic Acrylic
Prices RM 7448.00 RM 4800.00
Size 1700mm x 750mm x 470mm 1790mm x 1010mm x770mm
Shape Rectangular Rectangular
Installation type Drop-in Free standing
Origin Us Foshan, China

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Colour White White
(Product specifications, n.d.) (Ziscocompany, 2015)
Table 3: Comparison of bathtubs between Kohler and Jiadejia

(ii) Explanation

Based on table 3, we had chosen Kohler and Jiadejia brands to compare. Kohler is
originated from United States of America while Jiadejia is originated from Foshan, China.
The types of bathtub that we choose to compare are drop-in bathtubs and freestanding
bathtubs.

The Kohler’s drop-in bathtubs can build either drop into a cavity in the floor or
raised the platform (Types of bath, n.d.). Jiadejia’s freestanding bathtub does not built on
the floor or enclosed by sides but are simple bathtubs standing on four legs. Besides, the
taps and faucets of freestanding bathtubs are generally mounted on the bathtub itself and
can mount on the wall (Different type of bathtubs, n.d.).

The bathtubs of Jiadejia and Kohler brand are made from acrylic. There are also
other types of materials available for bathtub such as cast iron, ceramic tile, fiberglass,
porcelain on steel (Bianchina, 2012). Acrylic bathtub material is used because it is easily
molding, non-staining, lightweight and slow thermal insulation performance. Thus, this
type of bathtub can maintain the water temperature for a long time. Besides, acrylic
bathtub is cheaper compare to others. However, this kind of material hangs dirty easily
(Bathtub material, n.d.).

Both Kohler and Jiadejia bathtub are massaging bathtubs. Bubble massages
bathtub function as giving us a “strong deep tissue massage” through air bubble in water
to reduce the stress. Besides, the bubble massaging bathtub allows people to enjoy
massage for relaxing while takes bath (How to, n.d.).

The price for Kohler bathtub is RM 7448.00 which is expensive if compare to the
Jiadejia brand. Besides, both Jiadejia and Kohler bathtub provide white color only.

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(iii) Installation Method
Kohler Brand Bathtub (Kohler China Ltd, 2006)

Figure 1 Figure 2
1. First, to install a new bath, we need to carry out site clearance including remove the
old bath.
2. Second, make sure that the whirlpool area construction preparation is done. Cut out
details for drop in installation as referred in (Figure 1). Partially install the whirlpool
bath drain according to the drain manufacturer’s instruction. (Figure 2)
3. After that, the whirlpool is set into installation and is rest on all supporting feet.
4. Next, the drain tailpiece is inserted into the trap. Apply a bead of silicone sealant
under the rim of the whirlpool.
5. Complete the finish wall by constructing with the ceramic or marble tiles. The joints
between the bath rim and the tiled wall is sealed with silicone sealant.
6. Then, the power supply is connected to the motor and heater.
7. After that, checking is carried out for pump and pipes to avoid leakage.
8. Lastly, cleaning up after installation should be done by using warm water and liquid,
non-abrasive detergent to clean the surface.

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Jiadejia Bathtub(Ziscocompany,2015)
1. First, deliver a new bathtub carefully to the site and avoid damage to the surface.
2. Second, link the outlet pipe if massage bathtub with the down corner.
3. Third, support sand is adjusted in order to keep bathtub stable.
4. Lastly, leave at least 0.5cm distance between the bathtub edge and the wall. The gap
between should be filled with glass glue.

Electric installation requirement:

1. The power supply installation should meet the national safety standards; supply and
voltage and the frequency should match the product.
2. Set the earth ware outside the electric apparatus.
3. Electric connection inside the bathtub is not allowed to do any changes.

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2.2.2 Wash Basins

Wash basin is known as a basin or a bathroom sink. It is a bowl-shape fitting used


to wash our hand and face. They are usually made from vitreous china (Treload, 2000, pg.
270). Wash basins are made in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Each type of basins
offers different function and requirements. There are three groups of wash basins which
are wall basins, pedestal basins and vanity and inset basins (Masterman& Boyce, 1984,
pg. 153)

(i) Comparison of Two Brands

Brand Docasa

Picture

Origin Spain Malaysia

Model Name & Preston B201 (Basin) / BP 3005


Number BP510 (Pedestal)
Types of wash Wall hung sink Wall hung sink
basin
Material Ceramic Ceramic

Size 545mm x 435mm x 860mm 605mm x 460mm x 840mm


(Basin and Pedestal) (Basin and Pedestal)
Shape Oval Oval

Colour White White

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Price RM 300.00 RM 220.00

(Docasa, n.d.) (Sericite, n.d.),(Inno, n.d.)

Table 4: Comparison of Docasa and Inno

(ii) Explanation

Based on table 4, we had chosen two brands to compare which are Docasa and
Inno. The wash basin of the DOCASA brand is made from Spain while the wash basin of
Inno brand is made from Malaysia.

The wash basin of Docasa and Inno brand combine the basin with pedestal which
also calls as pedestal basins. The pedestal provides the support for the wash basin. It is
large enough to conceal the waste services and supplies (Masterman& Boyce, 1984, pg.
154). Both brands of wash basin are made from ceramic. They are very general material.
The sinks of Docasa and Inno brand are hung on wall. They have the same color and
shape which is white in color and oval shape.

The size for wash basin of Docasa and Inno brand are 545mm x 435mm x 860mm
and 460mm x 605mm x 850mm respectively including the size of the pedestal.
Meanwhile, the size of Docasa brand is bigger than the Inno brand.

The price for wash basin of Docasa brand is RM300.00. It is expensive than the
Inno brand which has only costs RM220.00. It is because the size of Docasa brand is
bigger than the Inno brand. In addition, Docasa brand is imported from Spain, so it is
expensive than the Inno brand.

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(iii) Installation Method (Installation toilets & basins, n.d.)

1. First, measure the height of the basin location and mark the position where we want
to install the basin and the pedestal with a pen and a ruler.
2. Next, mount the basin to the wall with the bolts.
3. The pedestal is placed under the basin. For this step, please make sure the pedestal is
straight and tighten the fixations.
4. Then, attach the taps and waste pipe to the basin.
5. Turn on the water supply and check for leaks.
6. Lastly, the basin is done.

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3.0 Conclusion
As a conclusion, we had learnt different types of sanitary product’s brand that
available in Sibu area such as Kohler, Toto, Docassa, Jiadejia, Sericite and Inno. The
reason we choose these few brands to compare is because these brands are the famous
among the sanitary product’s brand.
After we done our site visit to the solitary’s ware shop, we found that Kohler
brand‘s product is more expensive if compare to other brands. It is because Kohler
product is the famous brand which used the better materials for their products. We can
conclude that the sanitary products with the higher price always have the high quality
guarantee. When buying the new sanitary products, we had to identify the type of the
products and choose the most suitable one for the building. In addition, we had to see the
installation method of the products so that it is suitable for the site condition.
Lastly, we would like to thank the sales assistant for assisting us whiles we
visiting their shop. They kindly provide us the product’s catalogue and information for us
so that we could complete our assignment successfully.

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5.0 Appendix

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