Being blind generally refers to a complete lack of functional vision.

However, blindness involves varying

levels of vision ability, sometimes under varying conditions. Vision is the result of light rays hitting the
back of the eye, or retina, and then the optic nerve transmitting electrical signals to the brain. Blindness
occurs when an inadequate amount of light hits the retina, or the information has not been delivered to
the brain correctly.

Complete Blindness

Complete blindness is characterized by a complete and total loss of vision. Legal blindness is defined as
having equal to or worse than a 20/200 visual acuity in the better eye. Having a visual acuity of 20/200
means that someone with normal vision can see an object at 200 feet, and a person with impaired vision
can see at a distance no further than 20 feet. Several different diseases can cause complete blindness;
some develop later in life and some are present at birth. Diabetes causes diabetic retinopathy, which
results in destruction of the retina. Other causes of complete blindness include age-related macular
degeneration, cataracts, which obstructs light from hitting the retina because of opaque patches on a
lens; and glaucoma, which causes blindness due to damage to the optic nerve.

Color Blindness

People who have color blindness, also called dyschromatopsia, are unable to distinguish certain colors.
This type of blindness more commonly affects men than women. The most common form of color
blindness is red-green color blindness, which makes it difficult to distinguish certain shades of red and
green. Color blindness is almost always present at birth, and is usually caused by the presence of a
defective gene on the X chromosome. The reason that more men are affected by color blindness than
women is that women have two X chromosomes; thus, even if they are "carriers" of a bad gene, their
other X chromosome usually has a functional gene. Because men have only one X chromosome, the
presence of one bad gene is sufficient to cause color blindness. Defective retinal cells result in some
forms of color blindness; other forms are caused by defects in the optic nerve.
Night Blindness

Night blindness is vision impairment that occurs at night or when light is dim. It does not generally result
in a complete lack of vision but significantly impaired vision. People with night blindness often have
difficulty driving at night or seeing stars. These factors include cataracts, birth defects, a vitamin A
deficiency, or a retinal disease called retinitis pigmentosa.
https://www.livestrong.com/article/83641-eyes-send-images-brain/