VALVES:

A Valve is a device that controls the flow of a fluid. These valves not only control the
flow, but also it can control the rate, pressure, volume, and the direction of a fluid within the pipe.
They can range in size from a fraction of an inch to 30 feet diameter. Valves can contain pressures
ranging from severe vacuum to 20,000 pounds per square inch. They can handle temperatures from
cryogenic region to molten metal exceeding 1500 degree Fahrenheit.
Valve can control liquids, gases, vapors, slurries, or dry materials. Valves also can control the flow of all
types of commodities. From thinnest gas to highly corrosive chemicals, from superheated steam to toxic
gases, from abrasive slurries to radioactive materials.

TYPES OF VALVES:
BUTTERFLY VALVES:
The butterfly valve has unique body style unlike the other valves. There are three types of
body designs possible in the butterfly valves. They are the Double flanged type, Wafer lug type and the
Wafer type.
In the Double flanged body design, the disc is contained within the body and is fitted to the pipe line like
any other conventional valves.
In the Wafer lug type and Wafer type, the valves are designed to permit installation between
ANS/BS/DIN flanges.

WAFER TYPE

BUTTERFLY VALVE
PN 16 / 10
DN D D0 l1 l2 l3 l4 φ d1 D1 k1 иH kg
50 100 19 43 63 118 34 125 9 90 70 10 2.8
65 115 19 46 71 126 34 145 9 90 70 10 3.6
80 130 19 46 78 133 34 160 9 90 70 10 3.9
100 150 19 52 96 147 34 180 9 90 70 12 5.1
125 182 19 56 109 160 34 210 9 90 70 12 7
150 210 23 56 133 180 34 240 9 90 70 16 9.5
200 262 23 60 158 204 34 295 9 90 70 16 14
250 315 25 68 194 145 45 350 11 125 102 24 24
300 371 25 78 219 270 45 400 11 125 102 24 36

SHUT-OFF VALVES:
These valves are most common type of valves which are used to On/Off of the fluid flow.
These valves will not control/regulate the fluid flow.

PN 10
DH H L D d1 Φk x n x d b Hub kg
15
- VALVES FOR PN 16
150
200 620 600 340 400 295x8x22 26 50 145
250 747 730 395 400 350x12x22 28 63 243
300 875 830 445 400 400x12x22 28 75 341

PN 16
DH H L D d1 Φk x n x d b Hub kg
15 180 130 80 100 65x4x14 16 5 3.5
20 215 150 105 100 75x4x14 16 5 4
25 224 160 115 100 85x4x14 16 6 5
32 252 180 140 125 100x4x18 18 8 6.8
40 260 200 150 160 110x4x18 18 10 9.3
50 277 230 160 160 125 x4x18 20 13 12.2
65 324 290 185 200 145 x4x18 20 16 18
80 380 310 200 200 160x8x18 22 20 24.5
100 425 350 220 250 180 x8x18 24 25 35
125 468 400 250 250 210 x8x18 26 32 55
150 510 480 285 315 240x8x22 26 40 77
SHUT -OFF VALVE

SAFETY VALVES:
A Safety valve is a valve mechanism for the automatic release of a gas from a boiler,
pressure vessel, or other system when the pressure or temperature exceeds preset limits. They are often
called by more specific names such as pressure relief valves, T&P valves, or temperature and pressure
relief valves.
 DN R d1 L H r i L1
10 1/2″ 12.5 40 185 1/2″ 14 34
15 3/4″ 12.5 40 185 3/4″ 16 34
20 1″ 17 On Request
25 1 1/4″ 22 On Request

SAFETY VALVE

SCREW-DOWN-NON-RETURN-VALVES:
As the name itself indicates, these valves are mainly used for controlling the back flow of
the fluid.
PN 10
DH H L D d1 Φk x n x d b Hub kg
15
- VALVES FOR PN 16
150
200 620 600 340 400 295x8x22 26 50 145
250 747 730 395 400 350x12x22 28 63 243
300 875 830 445 400 400x12x22 28 75 341

PN 16

DH H L D d1 Φk x n x d b Hub kg
15 180 130 80 100 65x4x14 16 5 3.5
20 215 150 105 100 75x4x14 16 5 4
25 224 160 115 100 85x4x14 16 6 5
32 252 180 140 125 100x4x18 18 8 6.8
40 260 200 150 160 110x4x18 18 10 9.3
50 277 230 160 160 125 x4x18 20 13 12.2
SCREW DOWN NON-RETURN VALVE 65 324 290 185 200 145 x4x18 20 16 18
80 380 310 200 200 160x8x18 22 20 24.5
100 425 350 220 250 180 x8x18 24 25 35
125 468 400 250 250 210 x8x18 26 32 55
150 510 480 285 315 240x8x22 26 40 77
SELF-CLOSING VALVES:
These are the valves which are closing by itself, no man power is required for closing
these valves. Some sensing system is attached with these valves from which they get the signal and
closed.

SELF CLOSING VALVE, DN 60

L H l3 D Φk n Φd kg
130 113 135 95 65 4 14 3.5
150 118 135 105 75 4 14 4
160 123 135 115 85 4 14 5
180 125 135 140 100 4 18 6
200 130 135 150 110 4 18 9
230 158 135 165 125 4 18 11

QUICK CLOSING VALVES:

Quick closing valves are used where the flow of the
fluid is to be stopped suddenly as per the requirement. For doing this
operation the sensor mechanism is introduced with these valves, by
which they can stop the flow of the fluid.

DH H L Hub A Φk x n x d
15 168 130 6 164 65x4x14
20 170 150 7 164 75x4x14
25 170 160 8 164 85x4x14
32 212 180 10 164 100x4x18
40 225 200 13 166 110x4x18
50 225 230 16 166 125 x4x18
65 278 290 21 166 145 x4x18
80 305 310 25 171 160x8x18
100 355 350 32 176 180 x8x18
125 450 400 40 176 210 x8x18
150 520 480 47 176 240x8x22
SLEEVE REDUCING VALVE:
The function of these valves is same as that of safety valves. It has a spring which is
used to reduce the pressure of the fluid slowly.

DN R L H H1 a kg
8 1/4″ 50 90 34 10 0.3
10 3/8″ 50 90 34 10 0.3
15 1/2″ 65 105 36 12 0.5
20 3/4″ 80 105 42 17 0.6
25 1″ 95 150 57 20 1.4
32 1 1/4″ 105 160 57 22 1.8
40 1 1/2″ 115 200 72 24 2.9
50 2″ 130 210 72 26 3.8

SLEEVE REDUCING VALVE

BALL VALVES:
Ball valves use a metal ball with a hole bored through the center, sandwiched between
two seats to control flow.
The ball has a hole, or port, through the middle so that when the port is in line with both ends of the
valve, flow will occur. When the valve is closed, the hole is perpendicular to the ends of the valve, and
flow is blocked.
The body of ball valves may be made of metal, ceramic, or plastic. The ball may be chrome plated to
make it more durable.
.

BALL VALVE, PN40 BALL VALVE, PN63

 DN H L l1 D R kg DN H L l1 R kg
10 31 39 78 17 1/4″ 0.1 12 51.7 58 124 1/4″ 0.3
10 36 44 80 21 3/8″ 0.1 12 51.7 58 124 3/8″ 0.3
10 41 56.5 99 25 1/2″ 0.15 16 51.7 63.5 124 1/2″ 0.4
13 44 59 99 32 3/4″ 0.2 20 56 76.2 124 3/4″ 0.6
17 48 71 112 38 1″ 0.4 25 65.5 85.6 151 1″ 1
22 54 78 112 49 1 1/4″ 0.7 32 73 102 151 1 1/4″ 1.6
25 65 83 140 53 1 1/2″ 0.8 38 91 119 175 1 1/2″ 2.2
32 72 100 140 68 2″ 1.4 50 100.5 175 140 2″ 2.7

GLOBE VALVE:
Globe valves are used primarily in situations where throttling of the commodity is
required. The design of the globe valve body forces the flow of the commodity to change direction
within the valve itself. This change in direction creates substantial pressure drop and turbulence. The
globe valve is therefore not recommended when flow resistance and pressure drop are to be avoided.

DN R L H d1 i SW1 kg
10 3/8″ 65 70 50 10 22 0.2
15 1/2″ 65 70 50 11 26 0.25
20 3/4″ 70 80 50 12 31 0.36
25 1″ 90 100 60 15 38 0.6
32 1 1/4″ 110 130 80 19 48 0.9
40 1 1/2″ 120 130 80 19 56 1.5
50 2″ 150 165 90 22 70 2.0

Globe valve, PN 60

FIRE VALVES:
Fire valves are also called as Fire Hydrants.
These valves are used in fire fighting system to control the
fire hazards.

DN H H1 L D d1 Φk x n x d HUB kg
50 235 75 132 165 140 125x4x18 16 7.5
65 265 90 155 185 160 145x4x18 20 10.5

CHECK VALVE:
 A check valve is a mechanical device, a valve, that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas)
to flow through it in only one direction.
The bodies (external shells) of most check valves are made of plastic or metal.

TYPES OF CHECK VALVES:

1) Ball check valve: It is a check valve in which the disc, the movable part to block the flow, is a
spherical ball.
They are commonly used in liquid or gel mini-pump dispenser spigots, spray devices, some rubber bulbs
for pumping air, etc., manual air pumps and some other pumps, and refillable dispensing syringes.

2) swing check valve: This is a check valve in which the disc, the movable part to block the flow,
swings on a hinge or trunnion, either onto the seat to block reverse flow or off the seat to allow forward
flow.

3) clapper valve: This is a type of check valve used in or with firefighting, and has a hinged gate (often
with a spring urging it shut) that will only remain open in the outflowing direction.

4) stop-check valve: It is a check valve with override control to stop flow regardless of flow direction or
pressure.

5) lift-check valve: This is a check valve in which the disc, sometimes called a lift, can be lifted up off
its seat by higher pressure of inlet or upstream fluid to allow flow to the outlet or downstream side.

Check valve closed Check valve opened

DIAPHRAGAM VALVES:
Diaphragam valves (or membrane valves) consists of a valve body with two or more
ports, a diaphragm, and a "saddle" or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve. The valve is
constructed from either plastic or steel.
Diaphragm valves can be manual or automated. Their application is generally as shut-off valves in
process systems within the food and beverage, pharmaceutical and biotech industries.

GATE VALVES:
 The gate valve is most frequently used valve in piping systems. It is
general service valve that is used primerily for on-off, non-throttling applications.
Designed to be either fully opened or closed. The gate valve should not be operated
in prtially opened/closed position. A partially opened gate valve will produce
erosion caused by the commodity within the pipe and will ruin the valve seat in
short period of time.

Gate valve

NEEDLE VALVE:
A needle valve is a type of valve having a small orifice and a threaded, needle-like
plunger. It allows precise regulation of flow, although it is generally used for, and is capable of, only
relatively small flow rates.
Needle valves are usually used in flow metering applications, especially when a constant, calibrated, low
flow rate must be maintained for some time, such as the idle fuel flow in a carburetor.

PLUG VALVES:
Plug valves are valves with cylindrical or conically-tapered "plugs" which can be rotated
inside the valve body to control flow through the valve. The plugs in plug valves have one or more
hollow passageways going sideways through the plug, so that fluid can flow through the plug when the
valve is open.
Stopcocks used in laboratory glassware are typically forms of conically-tapered plug valves. When fused
with the glassware, the valve bodies are made of glass. Otherwise, they can be made of an inert plastic
such as Teflon.

RELIEFE VALVES:
The relief valve is a type of valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system or
vessel which can build up by a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.
The relief valve is designed or set to open at a predetermined pressure to protect pressure vessels and other
equipment from being subjected to pressures that exceed their design limits. When the pressure setting is
exceeded, the relief valve becomes the "path of least resistance" as the valve is forced open and a portion
of the fluid is diverted through the auxiliary route. The diverted fluid (liquid, gas or liquid-gas mixture) is
usually routed through a piping system known as a flare header or relief header to a central, elevated gas
flare where it is usually burned and the resulting combustion gases are released to the atmosphere.

SADDLE VALVES:
A saddle valve is a valve used to supply liquid where a low volume, low pressure
stream is required. The name is derived from the fact that it is mounted in such a way that it "saddles"
the line, mounting it from both sides.
These valves can be installed without shutting off the main water supply.
They are typically used for suppling cold water, via a 3/8 in. tube, to:
1) Humidifiers and
2) Ice-makers in freezers.

SOLENOID VALVE:
A solenoid valve is an electromechanical valve for use with liquid or gas controlled by
running or stopping an electrical current through a solenoid, which is a coil of wire, thus changing the
state of the valve. The operation of a solenoid valve is similar to that of a light switch, but typically
controls the flow of air or water, whereas a light switch typically controls the flow of electricity.
A common use for 2 way solenoid valves is in central heating. The solenoid valves are controlled by an
electrical signal from the thermostat to regulate the flow of heated water from a heat pump to the in
room radiators.

A- Input side
B- Diaphragm
C- Pressure chamber
D- Pressure relief conduit
E- Solenoid
F- Output side

Solenoid valve

STOP COCK:
A stop cock is a valve used to restrict or isolate the flow of a liquid or gas through a pipe
Laboratory glassware items sometimes have plug valves with conically-tapered plugs called stopcocks.
When fused with the glassware, the valve bodies are made of glass. Otherwise, they can be made of an
inert plastic such as Teflon.
Stopcock grease is always used in high vacuum applications to make the stopcock air-tight.
TAP:
A tap is a valve for controlling the release of a liquid
or gas.
Modern bathroom and kitchen taps often use ceramic or plastic
surfaces sliding against other spring-loaded ceramic surfaces or
plastic washers. These tend to require far less maintenance than
traditional globe valves and when maintenance is required, the entire
interior of the valve is usually replaced, often as a single pre-
assembled cartridge.

TAP MECHANISM

OTHER FITTINGS:

FLANGES:
Flange is a ring shaped device designed to be used as an alternative to welding or threading
various piping system components used throughout the piping system.

CALSSIFIFICATION OF FLANGES:

1) Slip On:
Slip-on flanges are designed to slide over the outside diameter of the pipe to which it will
be welded.
It allows the pipe to be inserted into the flange prior to welding. This flange is used in areas where short
tie-ins are necessary.
2) Socket Weld:
It is similar to slip-on flange. It was originally developed for use on small diameter(0.5 inch
through 4 inch) high pressure piping systems.
These flanges were initially developed for use in small diameter, high- pressure lines. Internally welded
socket type flanges are typically used in chemical processes, hydraulic lines and steam distribution lines.

3) Lap Joint:
It is primarily used on carbon or low alloy steel piping systems. It is mainly used in
piping systems that necessitate frequent dismantling for inspection or routine maintenance. These
flanges are used in applications where the joint must be frequently disassembled for cleaning or where
there is a need to facilitate bolt alignment
4) Welding Neck:
It is designed to reduce high stress concentration at the of flange by transferring stress to
adjoining pipe. Welding neck flanges are preferred for use in severe service applications involving high
pressure, sub-zero and/or elevated temperatures.

5) Blind:
It serves a function similar to that of a plug or cap. It is used to
terminate the end of the piping system.
These flanges are manufactured without a bore and used as closures or seals for the ends of piping
systems. They are also used to provide access covers for pressure vessels.

6)

Threaded Flange:
These flanges are normally designed for low pressure, non-cyclic applications. They are
also used in applications where
welding is hazardous.
7) Reducing Flanges:
It is used to make a reduction in the diameter of the pipe. It is most frequently used in
installations with the limited space. Designed for use in changing diameters in a piping system. A
reducing flange consists of a flange with one specified diameter having a bore of a different and smaller,
diameter.
Reducing flanges are normally provided as one of three types: Welding Neck,
Slip-On or Threaded.

8) Orifice Flanges:
Designed for flow metering systems. Two of these flanges with bolts and jack screws are
called an "orifice flange union" and are used in conjunction with an "orifice plate.” Each flange is
provided with a pair of pressure taps for measurement of pressure drop in the flow through the orifice
plate. The taps are precisely located with respect to the orifice plate. Orifice flanges may be provided in
one of three types of flanges: Welding Neck, Slip-On and Threaded.

TYPES OF FLANGE FACINGS:

Gaskets of different materials are used to provide a seal between the mating flanges. In
order for the gaskets to be effective, the facing of the flange has to be machined to specific dimensions and
tolerances in accordance with the type of gasket to be used. The gasket faces referenced in this web site
and normally supplied are:
a. Raised Face
b. Flat Face
c. Ring Type Joint (RTJ)

GASKETS
These are used to create a leak-proof seal between two connecting metal surfaces.
Material selection of the gaskets depends on:
 compatibility of the gasket material with fluid
 Ability of the system to withstand pressure and temperature of the system

Material is usually of compressed asbestos - for high temperature/pressure spiral wound metallic gasket –
austenitic stainless steel- graphite filler.

ELBOWS/BENDS:
Elbows are the pipe fittings which are used when a pipe changes direction.
It is classified as,
1) 90 degree elbow.
a) Long radius elbow. (Minimum pressure drop.)
b) Short radius elbow. (Large pressure drop will occur.)
c) Reducing elbow. (Used for slight increase/decrease in pressure.)
d) Metered elbow. (Elbow is made by making angular cuts in a straight run of pipe and
then welding the cuts together.)
2) 45 degree elbows.

TEES:
It is used to make perpendicular connections to a pipe.
Types of tees are,
a) Equal tees- (All three outlets are the same pipe size.)
b) Reducing tees- (Branch outlet is a smaller size.)

REDUCERS:
Reducers are used to reduce the diameter of a straight run of pipe. There are two types of
reducers, they are,
a) Concentric reducers (Having common centerline.)
b) Eccentric reducers (Having offset centerline.)

CAPS:
It is used to seal an open end of pipe. The cap will be welded to the end and need not be
included in the length dimension of the run pipe.

PLUG:
The plug, like a cap, is designed to close off the end of a run of pipe. Plugs are
manufactured for screwed and socket weld pipe together.

STUB-IN:
Stub-in is a method of making a branch connection. It is most commonly used as an
alternative to the reducing tee.
How close stub-ins are made is an important consideration. A general rule is to allow a minimum of 3″
between welds. This means a minimum of 3″ should be allowed between the
outsides of branches made from a common header should be attached no closer
than 3″ to a fitting.
COUPLINGS:
It is used for connecting small bore screwed and socket welded pipe to large pipe headers.
These are also used extensively where instrument connections are required.

PIPE NIPPLE:
Facilitates the assembly of screwed and socket weld fittings. Pipe nipples can vary in
length depending upon the distance required for fabricate the pipe configuration.
Usually 3 inch pipe nipples are used as a standard pipe nipple.

UNIONS:
The union is a fitting placed within a piping configuration that will allow the assembly to
be disassembled for inspection. Unions should be positioned in location that will facilitate the easy
removal of critical pieces of equipment.

SPECIAL FITTINGS:

Latrolet :
Weldolet : These are manufactured for Butt-weld fittings.
Elbolet :
Sockolet : These are made for socket weld fittings.
Threadolet : These are used for screwed fittings.
Sweepolet :
Nippolet : These are used for the pipe nipples.