FE Review Course – Fluid

Mechanics
Spring 2012
Frank T.-C. Tsai, Ph.D., P.E.
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, LSU
ftsai@lsu.edu
(O) 578-4246
 Get the handbook!!
• SUPPLIED-REFERENCE HANDBOOK
• 8th edition, 2nd revision, April 2011
 Visualize questions
• Draw diagrams
• Annotate diagrams with numbers,
symbols, equations, etc.
• Find right equations from the reference
handbook
• Skip questions if you cannot quickly find
equations from the reference handbook
  fluid  fluid
SG  
 
H 2O @ 4oC H 2O @ 4oC

dp
Ev  
d / 

Ev
c

 4 cos 
h
d

1 mm 4  0.025 1
 (Page 62)
1000 0.82  9810  d
Units and Scales of Pressure
Measurement
Gage pressure
Absolute pressure
Standard atmospheric pressure

Local atmospheric pressure

1 atmosphere
101.325 kPa Suction vacuum
14.7 psi (gage pressure)
Local
10.34 m H20
barometer
760 mm Hg
reading

Absolute zero (complete vacuum)

6894.76 Pa/psi

pabs  p gage  patm Absolute pressures are often indicated as psia, and
gage pressure as psig.
Fluid Statics
•Pressure vs. elevation
•Manometers
•Force over submerged plane and
curved surfaces
•Buoyancy
Fluid Statics
•Pressure vs. elevation
•Manometers
•Force over submerged plane and
curved surfaces
•Buoyancy

(z=0 at water surface and z is negative below surface)

(for gas)
For curved surface, separate the pressure force into horizontal and vertical part. The
horizontal part becomes plane surface and the vertical force becomes weight.

Fh  FR  F2 on the vertical projection, Fv  weight of fluid above  W  F1

Fbuoyancy = g fluid " submerged

If an object is submerged in several different fluids, must calculate the
buoyancy in each of them, then add together. When using buoyancy in
problems, FBD is often needed.
 1 33
z*  12  0.5 (page 63)
3
3  1
2
The diameter of the pipe is 0.3 m.
 p V 2

EGL = + z + a p
g 2g HGL = +z
g

Piezometric
Elevation head (w.r.t. velocity head
datum) head
Pressure head (w.r.t.
reference pressure)
 EGL: line connecting

p v2
 z
 2g
(total head line)

HGL: line connecting

p
z

(piezometric head line)
Example EGL & HGL
(page 64)

60+20 mph=80mph=117.3 ft/s

Turbine :

W  Q h
Dimensionless parameters
Example
If a flow rate of 0.2m 3 / s is measured over a 9 to1 scale model of a weir, what flow rate
can be expected on the prototype?
Flow over a weir is an openchannel flow. Use Froude number for modeling.
2
vm v 2p vp lp Q p v p l 2p
   3   243
lm g l p g vm lm Qm v m l m 2

If the model force is at 1000N, what will be the force on the prototype?
 F   F  F p ( v 2 l 2 ) p
       3 2 9 2  729
 v 2 l 2   2 2
  m  v l  p Fm ( v 2 l 2 ) m

(use drag force)

(continuity eq.)
F  VQ  V 2 A  V 2 2

 F
 W
W  Q h  h 
Q
hafter  hbefore  hPump

hafter  hpoint  hL,friction  hTurbine