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1) Legal’s test
✓Add a mixture of pyridine and sodium nitroprusside to the plant extract.
✓Then, add sodium hydroxide. The solution will turn deep red in colour.
2) Keller-Killani test
✓Add few drops of ferric chloride and 1 ml of glacial acetic acid to the plant extract.
✓Slowly add concentrated sulphuric acid to the above mixture.
✓If glycosides are present, a reddish brown ring will appear at the intersection point of the two liquids
Tannins
Tannin is a yellowish coloured derivative of gallic acid. It is bitter tasting organic substance found in
the galls, barks, and other plant tissues. Detect the presence of tannins with these two tests:
2) Gelatine test
✓Take 1% of gelatine solution containing 10% sodium chloride.
✓Add few drops of it to the plant extract.
✓A white precipitate at the bottom of the test tube confirms the presence of tannins.
Proteins
2) Shinoda test
✓Prepare an alcoholic solution of the plant extract.
✓Add some pieces of magnesium ribbon to the alcoholic solution.
✓Add concentrated hydrochloric acid drop by drop.
✓Magenta colour of the solution confirms the presence of flavonoids.
Triterpenes