Medvedyev A.S.

(1986) A System
of Multi-Year Training in Weightlifting.
Moscow U.S.S.R.: Fizkultura I Sport
� Zatsiorsky V.M., W. Kraemer (2006)
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Kinetics
reflected in the cloud. As a PIR sensor was used the exact number of people could
not be detected, but it was not the objective of the project as it was to only
detect if a room is occupied or not.

From the project we could conclude that IoT is a viable and versatile technology
that can be used for an inhouse automation task and can handle basic tasks, which
generate dataflow. This data can later be analysed by data analytic tools and
extended to get textual outputs of the conditions using an NLG tool, which can be
an extension of this project.

Index Page
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Brief Introduction of IoT 1
1.2 Present Day scenario 1
1.3 Motivation and Background 2

Chapter 2 Training Highlights 3

2.1 Hardware used 3
2.2 IoT Gateways 3
2.3 IoT Gateway used for this project 5
2.4 Sensor used in given use case 6
2.5 Software used 10

Chapter 3 Conclusions & Summary 13

3.1 Advantages 13
3.2 Disadvantages 13
3.3 Future Scope of technology 14
3.4 Conclusion 15

Chapter 4 About the Company 16

1.1 Company Profile 16
1.2 Office Locations 16
1.3 Product Profile 16
1.4 Prominent Customers 16
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

This chapter will contain a basic idea of what IoT is and the specific use case for
this technology in the project which has been undertaken. It will also showcase the
present-day scenario and scope of this technology. The intention behind taking up
this project is find the occupancy of a room inside the NITRO team office.
Therefore, helping in the seamless scheduling of meetings.

1.1 Brief introduction of IoT

The Internet of Things, or the IoT as it is more popularly known is the
interconnecting of physical devices (also referred to as �connected devices�),
vehicles, buildings and other systems embedded with electronics, software, sensors,
actuators and network connectivity which enable these devices to collect and
transmit data over a network. This data can be used not only to monitor individual
systems, but also to trigger certain events in some devices based on the data
collected by other devices around them. When we mention the word �Things� in the
IoT, we refer to objects of the physical world or the information world (virtual
entities) capable of being identified and integrated into a communication networks.

The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network
infrastructure, creating more opportunities for more direct integration of the
physical world into computer based systems, resulting in improved efficiency,
accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention. Typically,
IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems and services
that goes beyond machine-to-machine communications and covers a variety of
protocols, domains and applications. This interconnection of devices is expected to
provide a platform for enablement of automation in a variety of domains. Thereby
IoT platforms used to integrate various IoT ecosystems can be specifically used to
help organisations reduce cost through improved process efficiency, asset
utilization and productivity. With improved tracking of devices using sensors and
connectivity, they benefit from real time insights and analytics, helping them to
make smarter decisions.

1.2 Present day scenario

The scope of IoT lies in enabling capabilities such as virtual power plants, smart
homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities. Each thing is Uniquely
Identifiable through its embedded computing system but can perform variations in
tasks through the existing infrastructure provided to it, that is, the internet. An
estimate of 30billion IoT devices are expected up and running by the year 2020.

1.3 Motivation and Background

Due to the occurrence of multiple meetings for multiple teams in a day it was
essential to devise a method in which team leaders can identify which room is free
at what time in working hours to carry out meetings. Hence the decision was taken
to implement a method for detecting presence of a given workspace or meeting room
using the IoT platform and convey suitable information regarding the same.
Information such as occupancy of workspace, time of presence, duration of presence
in hours, minutes and seconds. This was later uploaded to the cloud via Microsoft
Azure, which could be viewed or also queried in SQL.

Figure 1.1 Room Occupancy Layout

(Image courtesy-google images)

CHAPTER 2
TRAINING HIGHLIGHTS

In this chapter I will discuss about the execution of the project, while going
through the hardware, IoT gateway, sensor and software used for building the
prototype. Brief description about each and how they were used to make room
occupancy detector will be explained.

2.1 Hardware Used

The definition of a �Thing� in the Internet of Things can vary a lot. However, in a
more general sense, we can define a thing as an embedded computing device (embedded
system) that transmits and receives information over a network.
In a broader sense, embedded systems are based on microcontrollers (MCUs), and run
software with small memory footprint. Some Linux and Android based systems can also
be classified as embedded systems. But usually, these general-purpose operating
systems require an application processor providing it with increasing capabilities.
MCUs featuring 32-bit architectures have dropped in price over the last several
years and are becoming common in embedded systems. The greater capabilities of 32-
bit MCUs present new choices for embedded systems developer.
Although we have multiple devices giving us access to accurate representation of
physical data which can be increasingly interpreted by the digital world, we
require some form of processing in order to achieve said tasks and also to be able
to transmit the required data accurately enough in order to make sense of all the
incoming data. Especially when we talk about the sheer number of devices connected
in each IoT ecosystem, it is imperative that we have a proper form of pipelining
the data to improve overall efficiency of the system.
That is where we require a device called the IoT Gateway.

2.2 IoT Gateways

As the number of devices connected to the IoT grow in number, we see an increasing
need to connect devices of varying functionality to the internet. One of the most
critical components however, are devices known as the IoT gateways. An IoT gateway
aggregates sensor data, translates between sensor protocols, processes sensor data
before sending it onward and more. When we consider how IoT as a platform has come
up in recent times, it is very much understandable as to why there is an increase
in the importance of IoT gateways.

Consider the use case of an IoT-connected office building environment. Sensors and
the IoT equivalent of our five senses. But instead of five, these are hundreds of
sensors with dozens of different functions, such as measuring temperature, ambient
light, noise or sound levels, areas in the office with higher activity, the
security systems and so on. However, when we talk of IoT as a system, sensing such
variables is only one half. The other half lies in controlling these variables or
systems that have a direct or indirect effect on the said variables. Such as
turning on and off the lights, switching the air systems off if the temperature
falls below a given threshold and so on. Each of these devices may use different
protocols to connect, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Serial ports, Ethernet, MQTT and
others. The requirement of these devices is ever increasing however, having
components connect individually back to the systems that need their data is not
often possible. Some sensors and controllers use very low energy and do not support
energy intensive protocols like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth