Interconnecting Cisco Networking

Devices Part 1
ICND1 100-105

Instructor
Paul A. Parker

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 Chapter 13

Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting

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 Chapter 13
Foundation Topics
v Introduction to Subnetting
▼ A Simple Example

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs
▼ Which hosts should be grouped together into a subnet?
▼ How many subnets does this network require?
▼ How many host IP addresses does each subnet require?
▼ Will we use a single subnet size for simplicity, or not?

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v Rules about Which Hosts are in Which Subnet
▼ IP Addresses must be assigned according to some basic rules:
➘  Addresses in the same subnet are not separated by a router.
➘  Addresses in different subnets are separated by at least one router.

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v Determining the Number of Subnets
▼ Plan on one subnet for each of the following:
➘  VLAN
➘  Point-to-point serial link
➘  Ethernet emulation WAN link (EoMPLS)

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v Determining the Number of Subnets

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet
▼ The number of host per subnet is 2H – 2
▼ This allows for the Subnet ID and Broadcast address

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v One Size Subnet Fits All
▼ One Mask, One Subnet Size

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 Chapter 13
Introduction to Subnetting
v Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks)
▼ Three Masks, Three Subnet Sizes

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 Chapter 13
Making Design Choices
v Choosing a Classful Network
▼ The original design of the Internet required companies to use a
registered public IP network. After submitting the proper
paperwork the company would receive a Class A, B, or C
network.
▼ By the early 1990’s the Internet was running out of public IP
networks and it was clear that the classful method of assigning
addresses could not continue.
▼ The Internet community came up with several solutions to the
growth problem:
➘  A new version of IP (IPv6), with much larger addresses (128 bit).
➘  Assigning a subset of a public IP network to each company, instead of an
entire public IP network, to reduce waste.
➘  Network Address Translation (NAT), which allows the use of private IP
networks.

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 Chapter 13
Making Design Choices
v Private IP Networks
▼ Will never be assigned to an organization as a public IP network.
▼ Can be used by organizations that will use NAT when sending
packets into the Internet.
▼ Can also be used by organizations that never need to send
packets into the Internet.

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 Chapter 13
Making Design Choices
v Choosing the Mask
▼ The engineer must know the following to choose the correct
mask:
➘  The number of subnets required.
➘  The number of hosts/subnet required.
➘  That a choice was made to use only one mask for all subnets, so
that all subnets are the same size (same number of hosts/subnet).
➘  The classful IP network number that will be subnetted.

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 Chapter 13
Making Design Choices
v Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting
▼ The addresses have the same value in the network part.
▼ The addresses have different values in the host part.
▼ Class A: 224 – 2 = 16,777,214
▼ Class B: 216 – 2 = 65,534
▼ Class C: 28 – 2 = 254

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 Chapter 13
Making Design Choices
v Borrowing Bits to Create a Subnet
▼ A subnet is created by borrowing
bits from the host portion of the
address.

v Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits

▼ Number of subnets required
▼ Number of hosts/subnet

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 Chapter 13
Making Design Choices
v Build a List of All Subnets
▼ The final task in the design step is to determine the actual
subnets that can be used based on the choices made. But how
do you describe the subnets?
▼ Each subnet contains the following:
➘  Subnet number: Also called the subnet ID or subnet address, this
number identifies the subnet. It is the numerically smallest number
in the subnet. It cannot be used as an IP address by a host.
➘  Subnet broadcast: Also called the subnet broadcast address or
directed broadcast address, this is the last (numerically highest)
number in the subnet. It also cannot be used as an IP address by a
host.
➘  IP addresses: All the numbers between the subnet ID and the
subnet broadcast address can be used as a host IP address.

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 Chapter 13
Plan the Implementation
v Assigning Subnets to Different Locations

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 Chapter 13
Plan the Implementatino
v Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet
▼ Devices receive their IP address either dynamically using DHCP or
through static configuration.

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 Chapter 13
Exam Preparation Tasks

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Questions?

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