RESEARCH PROPOSAL

1.1 Title
Development of Water Turbidity Detection System Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Commercial
Aquaculture.

1.2 Project Description

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants,
suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific
purpose. Most water is disinfected for human consumption, but water purification also be designed
for a variety of other purposes, including fulfilling the requirements of medical, chemical and industrial
applications. The methods used include physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and
distillation and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.

Purifying water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles,
parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, as well as reducing the amount of a range of dissolved and
particulate material derived from the surfaces that come from runoff due to rain. As for this project,
the focus is on water purification for aquaculture. Aquaculture, which also known as aquafarming, is
the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture
involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be
contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Particular kinds of aquaculture
include fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, mariculture and algaculture.

With the rapid development of global industrialization and mechanization, automotive emissions
are a major source of urban atmospheric pollution. High levels of pollutants such as carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and particulates are emitted from motor vehicles and can lead to health
and environmental problems. Moreover, carbon dioxide is one of the most important minor
components in the atmosphere and the second green house gas after atmospheric water, and it
contributes greatly to the global warming of the atmosphere. As a result of human activity (in particular
combustion), its concentration has continuously increased during the last century. Therefore, its
monitoring has far-reaching implications for global control of the environment and for industrial,
medical, and geophysical purposes. Especially the introduction of lasers as radiation sources has led to
rapid development of photoacoustics in the last ten years. Hence, it has gradually improved in utility
with the gradual improvement in PAS theory and the great progress in the properties of suitable light
sources, sound transducers and highly sensitive detectors.

Semiconductor diode lasers were first developed in the mid-1960s and found immediate
application as much needed tunable sources for high-resolution laser spectroscopy commonly referred
to as tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). Tunable diode laser photoacoustic
spectroscopy TDLPAS) is a widely recognised method for its excellent performance in trace gas
monitoring and nalysis from ppm down to ppb levels. This technique provides many advantages such
as high selectivity and sensitivity, on-line, real time and contactless measurements in a compact
experimental arrangement. Since the sensitivity of this technique scales with the optical power,
extremely high sensitivity is generally required with high power lasers, such as gas lasers (CO and CO2
lasers) or solid state lasers. Recently, tunable laser diodes emit typical powers of several to several
tens of milliwatts. It is worth noting that they have been developed, offering room temperature
operating, fast response, narrow linewidth, continuous tunability, compact size and cost-effectivesss.

A significant improvement can be expected if the detection system technique can be improved
using more reliable and cost effective method. Utilizing the near-infrared spectroscopy method in this
system will show some improvement over the accuracy of particle existance detection in certain
substances in especially in water. This will improve the water quality in aquaculture thus also give
impact on industrial manufacturing. This research will consists of complete preprocessing techniques,
instrumentation testing and simulation for the data acquisition, also the data acquisition technique.
Designing a convenient technique for the detection is essential for improving the industrial
aquaculture cultivation effieciency.

1.3 Problem Statement

i. Lack of accuracy rate in present water turbidity detection technique

ii. Lack of reliable technique of near-infrared detection method in aquaculture
iii. Lack of detection method application of present system.

1.4 Research Objective

i. To investigate the rate of turbidity detection using near-infrared method

ii. To design and develop a suitable technique to increase the accuracy of detection
iii. To test and improve the detection method in present system.

1.5 Scope
To propose the technique that integrate the near-infrared spectroscopy with present turbidity sensor
to improve water purification system.