1. Consider a small length of the cable.

Let ds be its length and R

8.
be the radius of curvature. (Figure below).
In the post tensioned beams several 9. cables
If is are
the provided.
coefficient of
The cables are stretched in succession. friction,
Whenfrictional
a cable loss
is =
stretched, this cable Frictional loss due dF=
to wobble effect is
calculated as 10. dF = –KFds
11. where K is coefficient
Friction between the tendon and its surrounding material is the length
of wave
effect and is sometimes described as wobbling effect. effect.
Friction
12. Therefore, total
frictional loss = dF
=

13. or
14. if F is the prestress at a
distance S subtending an
2. due to length effect depends
angle , integrating the
on the length, stress in the
above equation between
tendon (cable) and the
limits F and Fx, we have
coefficient of friction between
15.
the contact materials.
16. Value of and K may
3. Curvature effect is caused by
be taken as follows:
the friction due to designed
17. There are several
curvature of the cable. Loss
means of reducing or
due to these effects is
balancing the loss of
estimated as follows:
prestress due to creep.
4. Let be the angle
18. suffers no loss, but
subtended at the centre by
the cable stretched before
the length ds.
suffers a loss due to
5. Let F be prestress at one end
prestress in the cable
and F – dF the prestress at
being stretched. Thus the
the other end.
cable which is stretched
6.
first will suffer maximum
7. If N is the normal component
loss due to stretching of
of F, we have
 (n – 1) cables where n is the stress is termed as the
the total number of jacking stress. Deducting the
cables. The cable loss due to anchorage take-
stretched last will not up and friction, initial
suffer any loss. To prestress is obtained.
calculate the loss due to Effective stress is usually the
elastic shortening, loss in initial stress minus other four
the first cable is losses namely:
calculated and half of this 22. Loss due to
value is taken as the 23.
average loss of all the 24. vc) Creep of Concrete:
cables. 25. Creep is the time
19. girders By AASHTO dependent deformation due
specifications, an allowable concrete to permanent force. In
stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an prestressed concrete,
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = prestress is the permanent
20,If prestress is measured at force in the member, causing
the time of pulling the wire, compressive stress at the
the stress is termed as the level of steel. Hence there is
jacking stress. Deducting the creep strain in the member.
loss due to anchorage take-
26. relaxation of steel
up and friction, initial
prestress is obtained. TOTAL LOSS OF PRESTRESS:
Effective stress is usually the 27. elastic shortening
initial stress minus other four 28. shrinkage of concrete
losses namely:
29. creep of concrete
20. Loss due to
21. girders By AASHTO 30. relaxation of steel

specifications, an allowable concrete and Specifications Clear Span 48 ft Clear width

stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an 29 ft Live Loading HS20 Concrete strength fc ’
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 3000 psi Future protective cover 15 pf Grade 40
20,If prestress is measured at reinforcement The bridge will consist of six c
the time of pulling the wire, girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable
concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And is the stress in concrete at the
an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If level of steel.
prestress is measured at the time
of pulling the wire, the stress is Loss in prestress = creep strain
termed as the jacking stress. x
Deducting the loss due to
anchorage take-up and friction,
initial prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the initial
stress minus other four losses
namely:
x
Loss due to

girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable

concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And
an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If
prestress is measured at the time
of pulling the wire, the stress is
termed as the jacking stress.
Deducting the loss due to
anchorage take-up and friction,
initial prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the initial
stress minus other four losses
namely:

Loss due to

Elastic strain =