A Civil Engg. Final Year Training Report On Residential Building Construction

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A CIVIL ENGG. FINAL YEAR TRAINING REPORT ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION.
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Sand
These are cohesion less aggregates of either, rounded sub rounded, angular, subangular or flat fragmen
ts of more or less unaltered rock of minerals consisting of 90% of particles of size greater than 0.06 mm
and less than 2 mm.Alternatively, these are coarse grained cohesion less particles of silica derivedfrom
the disintegration of rock.These are of three types:
Coarse sand
:
It is one which contains 90% of particles of size greater than 0.6mm and less than 2 mm
.
Medium sand:
It is one, which
contains 90 & of particles of particles size greaterthan 0.2 mm and less than 0.6 mm
.
Fine sand
:
It is one, which contains 90% of particles of size greater than 0.06 mmand less than 0.2 mm.Proper sele
ction of sand is critical in the durability and performance of concretemixture. It should be:Clear, angular
and hardFree from clay, mica and soft, flaky materialGraded, which means it should be a mix of fine, m
edium and coarse sandFee from contaminates like sea saltConsistent in moisture (water) content whic
h should not exceed 7%. Whenmixing concrete the moistureContent must be taken in to consideration.
The price of sand includes three or four components- base cost,transportation, handling and number o
f Intermediaries. Procuring sand in bulk directly from the source will be cheaper. Your neighborhood d
ealer in this case islikely to be costlier, except when you need smaller quantities.
Building Stone
Building stones are obtained from the rocks occurring in nature. The stones areused into construct the
foundation, super structure and many of the buildingcomponents. The various stones derived from the
se types of rocks are as follows:
Principal stones from igneous rocks:
Granite, Basalt and Trap
Principal stones from sedimentary rocks

:
Sand stone, Shale,Lime stone
Principal stones from metamorphic rocks:
Quartzite, slate andmarble
Properties or requirement of good building stone:
A good building stone should posses several characteristics such as highstrength (crushing strength>1
000kg/cm ), high durability, sufficient hardness(coefficient of hardness>14), high resistance to wear, g
ood fire resistance,specific gravity more than 2.7, crystalline structure, high impact value(toughness ind
ex> 13) low water absorption (percentage absorption after 24hour less than 0.6), weather resistance a
nd better appearance.
Bricks
Bricks are distinguished by their base (row) material and size. Standard brunt claybricks come in the si
ze 10" x 5" x 3". Modular bricks, rarely used because theyare not easily available, come in the size 200m
m x 100mm x 100mm(including mortar thickness) Fly ash bricks, sometimes also come in modularfor
m.Conventional bricks have a frog (depressed / raised portion) on one of thelarger surface bearing
the
Manufacturer’
s brand. These also provide a goodmechanical key for bonding (lock ability) with mortar.The modular
bricks do not have the frog on them. Fly ash bricks exhibit almostsimilar mechanical properties as brun
t clay bricks. Exposed brickwork withprecise pointing is possible if the shapes are perfect
Fig. 1.2 BRICKS
The four board categories of bricks used in construction:Ist Class Brick IInd Class Brick IIIrd Class Brick
Over burnetBricks1. Perfect inSize/shape/ quality of burningNot so uniform as Istclass bricks inSiz
e/shape/ quality of burningMuch interior toIInd class bricksin terms of Size/shape/ qualityof bur
ningAbsolutely outshape of size,over burnet.Fused with morebricks with ahoney combtexture2. Re
d to cherryred in color.Red in color . Dark red in color. Black in color.3. Do not absorbmore than 1
5-
17% water of their own weight, if keptsubmerged forone hour underwaterDo not absorb morethan
22% water of their own weight , if kept submerged forone hour under water.Do not absorbmore th
an 25%water of their ownweight , if keptsubmerged for onehour under water4. Suitable forfloo
rs &reinforced brick slabs.Used for internalwalls.Used for interiorconstruction works, where lessrainf
all occursNot used inbuildingconstructionworks & used asroad metal, alsoin foundations.
Aggregate
Aggregates is a general term applied to those inert (that chemically inactive)material, which when bou
nded together by cement, form concrete. Mostaggregates used in this country are naturally occurring a
ggregates such asSand , crushed rock and gravel.
Fig. 1.3 Aggregates
Aggregates for concrete are divided into three categories:
Fine Aggregates:
Most of which passes through 4.75 mm I.S. sieveand retained on 150 micron.
Coarse Aggregates:
Most of which passes through 63 mm I.S. sieveand retained on 4.75 micron.
All in Aggregate:
Mixed aggregate, as it comes from the pit or riverbed.It is sometimes used for unimportant work witho
ut separating into differentsizes.
Properties of Natural Aggregates:
The properties should comply with the norms laid down in IS: 38-
1970Specification for C.A. and F.A. from natural sources for concrete. Aggregatesshould be chemically i
nert, strong, hard, durable, of limited porosity (waterabsorption when immersed in water for 24 hours
should not be more than 10%.),free from adherent coating, clay lumps, coal and coal residues and shou
ldcontain no organic or other admixture that may cause corrosion of the reinforcementor impair the st
rength or durability of the concrete. The shape (rounded,irregular, angular and flaky) and sizes of the a
ggregates should conform to thestrength and workability requirements.
Uses of the Aggregates:
1. Naturally occurring crushed stone aggregates can be used for producingany type of good concrete or
R.C.C. for construction purpose.2. Broken brick aggregates is used to produce plain concrete but not sui
tablefor R.C.C. which is lighter than broken stone aggregate.3. Air- cooled blast furnace slag, which is a b
y- product in the process of pig iron,forms a stronger and durable concrete when mixed with sand, and
has a high fireresistance..
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A CIVIL ENGG. FINAL YEAR TRAINING REPORT ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Granite, Basalt and Trap

Principal stones from sedimentary rocks

Properties of Natural Aggregates:

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Multi Storey Residential Building-Staad

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Civil Engineering Industrial Training Report (Piling and Road)

Civil Engineering Project Report

RCC Design by BC Punmia

6 Weeks Industrial Training Report

Analysis & Design of Multistorey Building

A report on Civil Engineering Internship at Advance Development Technology

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Project Report on Soil Stabilization Using Lime and Fly Ash

Design RCC 2 Storey Building

Residential Building Construction

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Civil Engineering Final Year Project

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Residential Building Construction

 Copyright © 2018 Scribd Inc.

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