3 b. PAIR WORK: Student discuss the questions.

4. a Look at the article again. Match the words/phrases in

blue to these verb forms.
Present Simple speak
Past Simple visited
Present Perfect Simple
has become
Past Perfect Simple
had reached
Present Continuous is changing
Past Continuous was pretending
Present Perfect Continuous
has been building
Present Simple Passive is written
Past Simple Passive was chosen
b Fill in the gaps in these rules with continuous, perfect,
simple or passive.

simple
• We usually use _______________ verb forms to talk about things
that are repeated, permanent or completed.
continuous verb forms to talk about things that
• We usually use ____________
are in progress, temporary or unfinished.
perfect
• We usually use ____________verb forms to talk about things that
connect two different time periods (the past and the present, etc.).
passive verb forms when we focus on what
• We usually use ____________
happens to someone or something rather than who or what does the
action .
c. PAIR WORK: Look at the verb forms in pink in the article.
Which are activity verbs? Which are state verbs?

ACTIVE VERBS STATE VERBS

use seem
change believe

Then choose the correct word in this rule .

• We don't usually use activity/state verbs in continuous
verb forms .
1B OPEN LEARNING
 Here are some sentences with missing auxiliary
verbs – can you suggest replacements?

• I ______
amwalking along the dusty road.
• Tomorrow I ______ swim for my school.
will homework.
• I _______ finished my math
• Dad ______ wash the car and so can my mom.
have
• Toyota cars ______ made in Japan.
can
are
 What is an auxiliary verb?

• An auxiliary verb is also called a helper verb.

• It comes before some verbs.
• Not all sentences have an auxiliary verb.
Be
Am, is, are, was, were

• Is followed by the present or past participle in the

sentence. e.g.
• I am going to the park. (going = present)
• Kylie Minogue is singing at Wembley stadium.
• Fish is usually eaten with chips. (is eaten = passive voice)
• I was beaten by a better player
• They were running past the gates when they saw a dog.
 Do
do, does, did

• These are followed by the base form of a verb

e.g.
• You don’t work very hard.
• Johnny does try his best.
• Did they win the game last week?

Put each of these auxiliaries into a sentence of your own

Have
Have, has, had

• These are followed by the past participle of the next verb. e.g.

• I have eaten all of my food.

• John has climbed Ben Nevis.
• Debbie had hidden all of Paul’s pencils.
Modals
can, will, shall, could, would, should, may, might, must

• These are followed by the base form of a verb

• Use each of these in a sentence of your own:

Can walk; will try; shall play; could tidy; would like; should work; may
eat; might choose; must breathe
OTHER USES OF AUXILIARIES
In short answers:

 Do you believe in psychics?

◦ Yes, I do.

 Are you a self-confident person?

◦ Yes I am.
To avoid repeating the main verb:

 I hate this kind of exams and so does my friend Ann.

With “so” and “neither”
 With a verb in positive :
◦ So+ aux+ subj

 Peter loves this novel and so do I.

 With a verb in negative :

◦ Neither + aux+ subj

 You didn’t know Alex was coming today

and neither did I.
 With “echo questions”

 They are used to show interest:

◦ Aux ( = as in main sentence)+ subj?

 This is a really interesting guy.

 Is he?

 I really want to go on a date with him…

 Do you?
To add emphasis:
 DO/DID + main verb

I know you deny it, but I know you DID cheat in the exam.
To make question tags:
 Positive statement , neg aux + subj?

◦ He’s from Ireland, isn’t he?

 Negative statement, positive aux + subj?

◦ You haven’t been to China before, have you?

 KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. The last time I went to Cuzco was in July 2003.
BEEN
I _____________________________ Cuzco since July 2003

2. The last time we went dancing was months ago.

FOR
We _________________________ months.

3. I am sure Maria finds reading interesting because she has lots of books.
MUST
Maria ______________________________ reading because she has lots of books.

4. Maybe John has not remembered about tonight’s party.

COULD
I suppose John ______________________________about tonight’s party

5. Perhaps we went the wrong way.

MIGHT
We ________________________ wrong way.
6. Perhaps he hasn’t received the doctor’s results yet.
MAY
He ________________________ the doctor’s results yet.

7. Daniel met Susan eight months ago.

HAS
Daniel ________________________eight months.

8. He has got a job at a café this summer.

IS
He _____________________________ at a café this summer.

9. Perhaps she is sleeping now.

COULD
She _____________________________now.

10. I’m sure he is speaking to them now.

MUST
He ____________________________________ to them now.
 Answers:
1.have not been to
2.have not danced for
3.must be interested in
4.could have forgotten
5.might have gone the
6.may not receive
7.has met Susan for
8.is working
9.could be sleeping
10.must be speaking