A REVIEW ON HEALTH IMPACT OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Dr. G. Karthikeyan,M.E.,Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University College of Engineering, Rajamadam, Thanjavur, TamilNadu, India.

A. Backia Abinaya,M.E.,
Full- Time Research Scholar
Department of Information and Communication Engineering
University College of Engineering, Rajamadam, Thanjavur, TamilNadu, India

Abstract- The reason for composing this paper may be on get information over the electromagnetic fields, their
requisitions. The different types of gear producing electromagnetic radiations, for example, remote telephones, different
electrical types of gear and so forth have now turned into a vital piece of life. Life can't be envisioned without these types
of gear. These electromagnetic gadgets have different uses in residential, ventures and prescription. Acceptance warming
is utilized as a part of businesses, MRI and CT SCAN are utilized to discover the irregular conditions in human body and
hyperthermia method is utilized to treat disease and tumors. Regardless of all uses the electromagnetic fields forces
awesome threat to the human body. Electromagnetic pollution (or EMF pollution) is a term partial in conformity with all
the man-made electromagnetic fields(EMFs) over quite a number frequencies, as fills homes, places of work and masses
spaces. When something into the environment is known as a pollutant, it implies to that amount it is in some way harmful
in conformity with behavior yet in conformity with ethnic beings.

Keywords – Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR); Electromagnetic Field(EMF);Electromagnetic Pollution; Health Hazards.

I. INTRODUCTION
Radio Frequency (RF) engineers are confronted commonly with the accompanying two inquiries: "What are the
impacts of radio waves on human wellbeing?" and more particularly, "What wellbeing dangers are related with the
utilization of cellphones, portable radios, microwave radios, microwave stoves, communicate radio and TV
transmitters, electrical cables and X-rays? "In late circumstances, numerous individuals have communicated an
enthusiasm for learning if the utilization of PDAs is related with growth. Numerous have heard or perused about
conceivable connections between mobile phones and disease, however conclusions are once in a while complete.
This paper will endeavor to answer these inquiries, yet first, we must build up a fundamental comprehension of
electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Electromagnetic radiation is one of the four basic communications of nature.
Electromagnetic radiations comprise of electric and attractive waves that movement at the speed of light through the
space. Electromagnetic radiations have moved toward becoming as indispensable to human presence as air. These
radiations are available wherever in the universe. Things that we use in our everyday lives like mobile phones,
microwave, PC, like X-Ray machines and so on, all produce radiations. These gadgets have turned into a crucial
piece of our lives. The electromagnetic range incorporates a few unique classes of radiation: low recurrence, radio
waves, microwaves, infrared, obvious light, bright light, x-beams and gamma beams. Wave recurrence is the thing
that separates one class of radiation from another.

Table-1: Sources of Radiation

Sources of Radiation Examples

Natural Sun, Cosmic Rays, Electrical discharges in earth, Lightening etc.,

Man-Made Mobile Phone, Computer, Laptop, Microwave, Cell towers, Medical devices, Electric
Heaters etc.
Wireless communication hyperlinks have been used international for deep years as solutions for connectivity
between point-to-point and point-to-multipoint applications. The most common wireless options include AM then
FM radio, television broadcast stations, cellular then cellular phones, radar and microwave systems. The
electromagnetic (EM) spectrum contains an order on electromagnetic waves increasing between frequency beyond
Extremely Low Frequency or Very Low Frequency (ELF/VLF), through Radio Frequency (RF) and Microwaves, in
imitation of Infrared (IR) light, Visible Light, Ultraviolet (UV) light, X-rays, and Gamma rays.

Figure 1 is a graphical portrayal of the range of electromagnetic vitality or radiation in rising recurrence
(diminishing wavelength).

Figure 1: Electromagnetic Spectrum

II.RADIATION AND ITS POLLUTION

A. Types of Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation can be grouped into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, in view of on the
off chance that it is proficient of ionizing iotas and breaking covalent bonds. Ultra violet and higher frequencies, for
example, X-beams or gamma beams are ionizing. These represent their own unique dangers. Non-ionizing radiation
is related with two noteworthy potential risks: electrical and natural. Furthermore, instigated electric current caused
by radiation can produce starts and make a fire or dangerous peril.

1.)Ionizing radiation:
Ionizing radiation contains adequate electromagnetic vitality to strip particles and atoms from the tissue what's
more, adjust compound responses in the body (changing over atoms absolutely or somewhat into particles). X-Rays
and Gamma beams are two types of ionizing radiation. These beams are known to cause harm, which is the reason a
lead vest must be worn when X-beams are taken of our bodies, and overwhelming protecting encompasses atomic
power plants. Individuals are continually presented to low levels of ionizing radiation from regular sources. This
sort of radiation is alluded to as regular foundation radiation, and its principle sources are:
 Visible light, bright light and Infrared light (daylight)
 Radioactive materials on the world's surface (contained in coal, rock and so forth.)
 Radioactive gases spilling from the earth (radon)
 Cosmic beams from space entering the world's climate through the ionosphere
 Natural radioactivity in the human body
2.)Non-Ionizing radiation:
The lower portion of the recurrence range is considered non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), with
vitality levels beneath that required for impacts at the nuclear level. Cases of non-ionizing radiations are:

 Static electromagnetic fields from coordinate current (0 Hz)

 Low-recurrence waves from electric control (50-60 Hz)
 Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) furthermore, Very Low Frequency (VLF) fields (up to 30 kHz)
 Radio Frequencies (RF), including Low Frequency (LF), Medium Recurrence (MF) High Frequency (HF),
Very High Frequency (VHF), Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and Microwave (MW) and Millimeter wave
(30 kHz to 300 GHz)
 Infrared (IR) light, Visible light and Bright (UV) light (over 300 GHz)
B. EMR Pollution

The Electromagnetic contamination is because of frequencies (swaying slower than) noticeable light waves.
Obviously, x-beams what's more, gamma beams (which sway quicker than unmistakable light) are exceptionally
risky yet homes and working environments are not filled with these beams. Electromagnetic contamination is all
over. Here's a short rundown of the fundamental offenders:
 Cell (and other versatile) telephones
 PCs and related hardware
 Electrical and electronic apparatuses
 Radio and TV transmitters
 Microwave broilers
 House-wiring
 High and low voltage electrical cables
 Data systems
 Autos, engine cycles, transports, trains, planes.

III.DISCUSSION-EM WAVES ARE HAZARDOUS

Impact on body organs:

Electromagnetic waves, both low recurrence and high recurrence, have extreme unfavorable consequences for
human body system. Impact on mind by electromagnetic radiations has been depicted by Aakanksha Aggarwal. As
indicated by them, creation of melatonin, which is a characteristic hormone created diminishes when mind gets
presented to radiations. Melatonin is cell reinforcement and upper which gives insusceptibility to cerebrum to battle
against different infections. Creator has expressed the hazard of different maladies like joint pain, schizophrenia, can
level of melatonin diminishes in the body. Roshakimah M.I. et al portrayed the adjustments in human mind action,
saw because of the introduction of electromagnetic radiations through cell phones inquire about on 45 individuals,
isolated in three classifications. In first class, individuals were given versatile presentation through their left ear, in
second class; individuals were presented to versatile radiations through their correct ear. In the last category
telephone in off state was kept close to the ear of individuals. Previously, amid and after introduction to versatile
radiations for five minutes, electroencephalography was led on every one of them. In their examination, they
discovered that alpha and beta waves got decrease both the gatherings that were presented to portable radiations
through left and right ear. Brain waves were observed to be expanded in the third gathering in which a turned off
cell phone was utilized. Along these lines, they presumed that cell phone radiations influence the working of mind
waves and can cause unfavorable consequences for cerebrum working . [1]
Impact on children and Youngsters:
Neha Kumar etal expresses that youngsters and pregnant women will probably be influenced by radiations. Skulls of
youngsters are not being created at their age, so they are more defenseless against radiations. Electromagnetic
radiations are consumed by human body when it gets presented to radiations as human body comprises of 70% fluid.
Cell tower wavelength is significantly littler than the human height, as an outcome different resonances happen
which can prompt numerous issues like going away of liquid around eyes, cerebrum, heart etc.5,7 In this paper
creator has expressed that unfriendly pregnancy outcomes, like unsuccessful labor, stillbirth, testicular variations
from the norm, posterity inborn deformities, are connected to EMF exposure8.Draper Getal directed an examination
and found a connection between leukemia in youngsters and nearness to high voltage control lines9. They expressed
that youngsters who were conceived inside 200m of high voltage electrical cables had nearly high danger of
leukemia than the kids whose birth address surpasses 600m from these electrical cables [3]

Thermal and Non-Thermal effects:

Radiation impacts can be separated into two classes Thermal and Non-thermal. Warm impacts are the impacts
caused by warm movement of the charged particles. They are transmitted when temperature is more prominent than
total zero in any issue. On the off chance that telephone is kept close to the ear for quite a while, warming sensations
close to the ear can be felt. These are nothing be that as it may, warm radiations. Non warm impacts are long haul
impacts what's more, are seen after around 8 to 10 years of exposure. When electromagnetic radiations associate
with head, they produce warm. Serious maladies like cerebrum tumor, disease and so forth. It can be caused in light
of the fact that skin and a few tissues in the head can ingest heat. M.S. Qasimzade et al have expressed that a circuit
repairman is more inclined to antagonistic impacts of radiations than a man of some other occupation. A circuit
repairman has the danger of affliction from cerebrum [2]

Electrical hazards and Fire hazards:

Solid radiation can initiate current equipped for conveying an electric stun to people or creatures. It can likewise
over-burden what's more, decimate electrical gear. The enlistment of streams by swaying attractive fields is likewise
the manner by which sunlight based storms upset the task of electrical and electronic frameworks, making harm and
even the blast of energy circulation transformers, blackouts (as in 2013), and impedance with electromagnetic signs
(e.g. radio, TV, and phone signals).Amazingly high power electromagnetic radiation can cause electric streams
sufficiently solid to make flashes (electrical circular segments) when an instigated voltage surpasses the breakdown
voltage of the encompassing medium (e.g. air). These flashes can at that point touch off combustible materials or
gases, perhaps prompting a blast. This can be a specific danger in the region of explosives or fireworks, since an
electrical over-burden may touch off them. This hazard is usually alluded to as HERO (Hazards of Electromagnetic
Radiation to Ordnance). Then again, the hazard identified with fuelling is known as HERF (Hazards of
Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel) [5]

DNA Fragmentation:
A recent report at the University of Basel in Switzerland found that discontinuous (however not nonstop)
introduction of human cells to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at a motion thickness of 1mT instigated a slight
however critical increment of DNA discontinuity in the Comet assay. However that level of introduction is now
above current set up wellbeing introduction limits [8]

Impact on animals and environment:

Antagonistic impacts of radiations have been seen on account of creatures and condition too. Honey bees, pigeons,
sparrows and so on are vanishing because of these radiations. Creatures like canines, cow and sheep are likewise
being influenced because of radiations. Impacts of radiations have likewise been seen on vegetation which isn't a
decent sign for human populace. Creature tests, research facility investigations of cells, clinical examinations, PC
reenactments, and human populace epidemiological) thinks about have been led to decide the relationship between
introduction to electromagnetic fields and various issue, counting despondency, adolescence leukemia, focal sensory
system issue, disease, melanoma, bosom malignancy, and so on. Previously, various reports have introduced
clashing data. Some of these reports have given proof of antagonistic wellbeing impacts, and some different reports
have neglected to locate any such connection.
As of late, the National Academy of Sciences and the National Cancer Establishment have discharged real
examinations finding no confirmation of a connection between electromagnetic fields and tumor. These
examinations propose that power transmission lines are substantially less likely to cause malignancy than was
already suspected [4]

World Health Organization (WHO) VIEWS:

Universal Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC), which is a piece of World Health Organization (WHO), has
arranged mobile phone radiations as Group 2B-conceivable human cancer-causing. Specialists which don't have
adequate evidence of cancer-causing nature in people yet a few or adequate confirmation of cancer-causing nature in
creatures is put in this gathering. Be that as it may, WHO additionally said that further broad research in long haul
should be led to check it. Till then some prudent steps can be taken for open health.TV and radio towers likewise
transmit electromagnetic radiations however they are for the most part situated far from private spots and in
segregation, so there impact turn out to be less [11]
IV. SAFETY GUIDELINES

In the United States, government, state also, neighborhood specialists require that all gear and offices producing
electromagnetic radiation follow their introduction rules. These rules are intended to secure both word related
laborers and the overall population with an expansive edge of wellbeing. These cutoff points have been supported by
government wellbeing and security offices, for example, the Environmental Security Agency, the Food and Drug
Organization, and so on. These measures confine presentation to levels commonly underneath those levels for the
most part acknowledged as having the capacity to cause unfavorable wellbeing impacts [12]

 It must be attempted to limit electromagnetic contamination, particularly while dozing when the pineal
organ is most defenseless.
 Additionally one should rest oblivious or if nothing else eyes must be secured to create the insusceptible
animating hormone melatonin.
 Ideally all power focuses in the room ought to be turned off and every electric lead with 2- prong fittings
ought to be unplugged before resting.
 In the event that the head faces a divider with control focuses or other electric wiring inside the divider near
the bed at that point bed ought to be moved towards the center of the room. While utilizing electric covers,
the bed ought to be warmed in advance and the attachment ought to be expelled before going to bed. It
ought to be made an effort not to routinely stay inside a couple of meters of a working electric machine.
 Fluorescent lighting, sitting in front of the TV, utilizing computer games, PCs and even electric typewriters
and hand-held electric apparatuses ought to be maintained a strategic distance from.
 TVs additionally produce hurtful X-beams so TV viewing ought to ideally be as far away as helpfully
conceivable. The field is most grounded straightforwardly in front and at the back of the TV.
 PC screens obviously have more grounded radiations to the sides than to the front.
 Less time ought to be spending on the mobile phone. Mobile phones with a lower particular assimilation
rate (SAR) ought to be utilized.
 Kids' utilization of mobile phones ought to be constrained. It ought to be dodged to influence calls with a
low flag and low battery as the phone to telephone will create more radiation with an end goal to make up
for it.

V.CONCLUSION

EMR presentation at the most astounding frequencies (X-Rays, Gamma beams) is a wellspring of genuine natural
damage. Health impacts from introduction to this type of radiation fluctuate from no impact at all to death, and can
cause ailments, for example, leukemia or bone, bosom, and lung cancer. After this examination it can be presumed
that electromagnetic fields are hurtful and can have unfriendly impact on human body contingent on the power and
recurrence of electromagnetic field. It is dependably a smart thought to stay away from the pointless introduction to
electromagnetic fields at whatever point conceivable.
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