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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
SHEET 1 - INTRODUCTION
SHEET 2 - SUMP PUMPING
SHEET 3 - HORIZONTAL WELLPOINT AND DEEP WELL
SHEET 4 - WELLPOINT SYSTEM
SHEET 5 - EDUCTOR WELL AND RELIEF WELL
MANAS ARORA
3RD YEAR – B
ROLL NO. 3
VASTU KALA ACADEMY
WHICHEVER METHOD IS USED, THE EFFECT IS BROADLY THE
WHERE DOES WATER ACCUMULATE?
SAME, CREATING A CONE OF DEPRESSION IN THE WATER
• THE TOP TWO REASONS FOR WATER ACCUMULATION ARE TABLE, CENTRED ON THE EXCAVATION
1. RAIN
2. HIGH WATER TABLE
• IN CONSTRUCTION SITES, WATER CAN ACCUMULATE IN
EXCAVATIONS AND TRENCHES, IN SLOPED AREAS, OR IF THE SITE
IS NOT LOCATED WITHIN AN AREA WITH A LOW WATER TABLE
• ACCUMULATED WATER CAN BE A THREAT TO THE SAFETY OF
WORKERS WHO MAY SLIP AND INJURE THEMSELVES
WHAT IS DEWATERING?
PRECAUTIONS DURING DEWATERING
• THE PROCESS OF DEWATERING CAN BE DEFINED AS – PUMPING
FROM WELLS OR SUMPS TO TEMPORARILY LOWER GROUNDWATER • THE QUICKEST WAY TO REMOVE ACCUMULATED WATER FROM A
LEVELS, TO ALLOW EXCAVATIONS TO BE MADE IN DRY AND STABLE CONSTRUCTION SITE IS THROUGH THE USE OF PUMPS
CONDITIONS BELOW NATURAL GROUNDWATER LEVEL • HOWEVER, DEWATERING IS NOT SIMPLY SUBMERGING THE
• TO DEWATER MEANS TO REMOVE WATER FROM AN AREA. PUMP IN THE AFFECTED AREA AND LETTING THE WATER OUT
• IT IS USUALLY DONE AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE TO REMOVE SURFACE SOMEWHERE ELSE
WATER OR GROUNDWATER FROM IT. • THERE ARE PRECAUTIONS THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED TO ENSURE
• ON CONSTRUCTION SITES IT MAY BE KNOWN AS ‘CONSTRUCTION THAT SOIL EROSION AND OTHER PROBLEMS ARE AVOIDED
DEWATERING’. THE METHOD IS ALSO USED ON MINE SITES – • ONE OF THE CONSIDERATIONS THAT BUILDERS HAVE TO KEEP IN
‘MINE DEWATERING’ MIND IS THAT THE LOCATION FOR THE DISCHARGED WATER
MUST BE CAREFULLY SELECTED.
PURPOSE OF DEWATERING IN MOST NATURAL SYSTEMS, WHERE GROUNDWATER CAN
OTHER APPLICATIONS FLOW MORE EASILY IN SOME DIRECTIONS THAN OTHERS, THE
• DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE:- CONE OF DEPRESSION WILL NOT BE A SYMMETRICAL FEATURE
1. DRY EXCAVATION. • DEWATERING IS ALSO DONE IN MINING EXCAVATIONS, THAT IS CIRCULAR IN PLAN. RATHER, IT WILL BE IRREGULAR,
2. PROCEED EFFICIENTLY. PARTICULARLY IN ROCK MINES AND BORROW PITS EXTENDING MUCH FURTHER IN SOME DIRECTIONS THAN
• IT IS ALSO CONDUCTED IN LAKE EXCAVATIONS FOR MAKING OTHERS. IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES IT CAN MORE USEFULLY BE
3. REDUCE LATERAL LOADS.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS REGARDED AS A ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF DEWATERING,
4. IMPROVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUNDATION MATERIALS. • INSTALLATION OF UTILITY LINES SUCH AS SEWERS, WATER,
5. INCREASE STABILITY OF SLOPES AND SIDE-HILL FILLS. RATHER THAN A SIMPLE CONE OF DEPRESSION.
TELEPHONE, AND ELECTRICITY ALSO REQUIRES DEWATERING
6. PREVENT PIPING AND FROST HEAVING IN PAVEMENTS.
WATER CONTAMINATION
SPECIFICATIONS:
• POST CONSTRUCTION STAGE :-
1. REDUCE UPLIFT PRESSURES ON BOTTOM SLABS. • DEWATERING AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE INVOLVES THE
• DEWATERING EXCAVATED AREAS MUST BE IN TWO DISTINCT RISK OF WATER BEING CONTAMINATED WITH GREASE AND
2. REDUCE LATERAL PRESSURES ON RETAINING STRUCTURES. PHASES; OIL
3. CONTROL EMBANKMENT SEEPAGE IN ALL DAMS. (1) THE REMOVAL OF THE COLLECTED WATER WITHIN THE • WATER CONTAMINATED WITH INDUSTRIAL GREASE MUST
EXCAVATION. NEVER BE DISCHARGED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT
TYPES OF (2) THE TREATMENT OF THE COLLECTED WATER. BECAUSE IT MAY DAMAGE THE SOIL AND THE
DEWATERING SURROUNDING AREAS THAT HAVE VEGETATION.
• IF THE ACCUMULATED WATER IS CONTAMINATED, AN OIL
AND WATER SEPARATOR MUST FIRST BE USED
• ONCE SEPARATED, THE WATER CAN BE DISCHARGED AND
SUMP HORIZONTAL WELLPOINT THE OIL CAN BE DISPOSED OF PROPERLY FOLLOWING THE
DEEP WELL EDUCTOR WELL RELIEF WELL
PUMPING WELLPOINT SYSTEM REGULATIONS
• ADVANTAGES: • DISADVANTAGES:
• A SUMP IS MERELY A HOLE IN THE GROUND FROM WHICH WATER IS BEING PUMPED FOR THE PURPOSE OF
1. WIDELY USED METHOD. 1. DUE TO MORE FLOW OF GW TOWARDS
REMOVING WATER FROM THE ADJOINING AREA.
2. MOST ECONOMICAL METHOD FOR EXCAVATION RISK OF COLLAPSE OF SIDES
• THEY ARE USED WITH DITCHES LEADING TO THEM IN LARGE EXCAVATIONS.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE. OCCURS.
• UP TO MAXIMUM OF 8M BELOW PUMP INSTALLATION LEVEL; FOR GREATER DEPTHS A SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
3. CAN BE APPLIED FOR MOST SOIL AND ROCK 2. IN OPEN OR TIMBERED EXCAVATIONS THERE
IS REQUIRED.
CONDITIONS. IS RISK OF INSTABILITY OF THE BASE DUE TO
• SHALLOW SLOPES MAY BE REQUIRED FOR UNSUPPORTED EXCAVATIONS IN SILTS AND FINE SANDS. GRAVELS
4. MOST APPROPRIATE WHERE BOULDERS OR SEEPAGE TOWARDS PUMPING SUMP.
AND COARSE SANDS ARE MORE SUITABLE.
MASSIVE OBSTRUCTIONS ARE MET WITH IN
• FOR PROLONGED PUMPING THE SUMP SHOULD BE PREPARED BY FIRST DRIVING SHEETING AROUND THE
THE GROUND.
SUMP AREA FOR THE FULL DEPTH OF THE SUMP AND INSTALLING A CAGE INSIDE THE SUMP MADE OF WIRE
MESH WITH INTERNAL STRUTTING OR A PERFORATING PIPE FILLING THE FILTER MATERIAL IN THE SPACE
OUTSIDE THE CAGE AND AT THE BOTTOM OF THE CAGE AND WITHDRAWING THE SHEETING.
DEEP WELL
• WELLS ARE DRILLED AT WIDE SPACING (10 TO 60 M BETWEEN
WELLS) TO FORM A RING AROUND THE OUTSIDE OF THE EXCAVATION
• AN ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP IS INSTALLED IN EACH WELL.
DRAWDOWN LIMITED ONLY BY WELL DEPTH AND SOIL
STRATIFICATION
• SEVERAL WELLS ACTING IN COMBINATION CAN LOWER
GROUNDWATER LEVEL OVER A WIDE AREA BENEATH AN EXCAVATION.
• BECAUSE THE TECHNIQUE DOES NOT OPERATE ON A SUCTION
PRINCIPLE, LARGE DRAWDOWNS CAN BE ACHIEVED, LIMITED ONLY BY
THE DEPTH OF THE WELLS, AND THE HYDROGEOLOGICAL DEWATERING BY DEEP WELLS
CONDITIONS.
• THE WELLS ARE GENERALLY SITED JUST OUTSIDE THE AREA OF
PROPOSED EXCAVATION, AND ARE PUMPED BY ELECTRIC
SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS NEAR THE BASE OF EACH WELL. WATER
COLLECTION PIPES, POWER SUPPLY GENERATORS, ELECTRICAL
CONTROLS AND MONITORING SYSTEMS ARE LOCATED AT THE
SURFACE.
• EFFECTIVE IN A WIDE RANGE OF GROUND CONDITIONS, SANDS,
GRAVELS, FISSURED ROCKS
CONSTRUCTION OF DEEP WELLS
• ADVANTAGES • DISADVANTAGES
1. THEY ARE FLEXIBLE IN LEVEL AND LAYOUT 1. DRAWDOWN GENERALLY LIMITED TO 25
2. STABLE IN OPERATION TO 30 M BELOW PUMP LEVEL.
3. ABLE TO RUN DRY WITHOUT DAMAGE 2. SOME GROUTS ARE ONLY ABLE TO
4. NOT LIMITED BY DEPTH. ALSO EFFECTIVE REDUCE THE PERMEABILITY OF THE SOIL
TO GREATER DEPTHS BUT WILL NOT INCREASE THE SOIL’S
5. BEST IN LOW-YIELDING WELLS STABILITY.
6. ENERGY INTENSIVE
7. VENTURI IN BASE OF WELL CREATES
VACUUM
RELIEF WELL
• RELIEF WELLS (ALSO KNOWN AS PRESSURE RELIEF WELLS
OR BLEED WELLS) ARE USED TO REDUCING PORE WATER
PRESSURES IN CONFINED AQUIFERS OR IN STRATIFIED
GROUND CONDITIONS.
• THE RELIEF WELLS ARE TYPICALLY DRILLED BEFORE THE
EXCAVATION HAS EXTENDED BELOW THE PIEZOMETRIC
LEVEL IN THE AQUIFER.
• AS EXCAVATION CONTINUES, THE WELLS WILL BEGIN TO
OVERFLOW, RELIEVING PORE WATER PRESSURES IN THE
AQUIFER AND ENSURING STABILITY.
• THE WATER FLOWING FROM THE RELIEF WELLS IS
TYPICALLY DISPOSED OF BY SUMP PUMPING.
• A GRANULAR DRAINAGE BLANKET AND NETWORK OF
DRAINS CAN BE USED TO DIRECT WATER TO THE SUMPS RIGHT: A DEWATERING SYSTEM REDUCES THE GROUNDWATER UPLIFT
AND PREVENT PONDING IN THE EXCAVATION. PRESSURE TO LESS THAN THE WEIGHT OF THE OVERLYING SOIL, SO
PREVENTING GROUND HEAVE.