VALUE BASED QUESTIONS - CLASS –XI

UNIT – 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Q1 Two friends Riya and Pooja were discussing that which is better for expressing the
concentration of a solution: Molality or Molarity ?Pooja told Riya that Molality is considered
better for expressing the concentration as compared to Molarity and explained the reason as
well.

(i) What would be the explanation of Pooja?

(ii) What are the units of molarity & molality?
(iii) What is the difference between molality & molarity?

Q2. Mohan learnt the term mol in his chemistry class. He discussed the term mol with her elder
sister Anshika. Anshika explained about and then Mohan got satisfied.

(i) What was the probable answer given by Anshika ?

(ii) What for term mol stands?
(iii) What values are associated with Anshika?

Q3. Radhika ,Supriya and Hema were asked by the PGT chemistry to find the mass of a metal
piece independently one by one using the same balance and same weight box. Each student
was asked to take three observations. The students reported their result as shown in the
following table:

Students Results Reported Average

I II III
Radhika 1.325 1.326 1.325 1.325
Supriya 1.320 1.321 1.321 1.321
Hema 1.327 1.329 1.331 1.329

If the actual mass of the metal piece is 1.325g and the permitted uncertainty in the
measurement is 0.001g, answer the following questions:

(i) Whose measurement is both accurate and precise? Justify your answer.
(ii) Whose measurement is precise and not accurate Justify your answer?
(iii) Whose measurements are neither accurate nor precise? Justify your answer.
(iv) Mention the associated value or values with these observations.

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 UNIT- 2 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Q1.While attending the physics class on optics a student was taught that light with established
wave nature should have particle nature also. Immediately an idea came to the mind of the
student that matter with established particle nature should have wave nature also. After
completing his studies he published a research paper stating the dual nature of matter and
later he was awarded Nobel Prize for his work.

(i) Name the scientist who stated the dual nature of matter.
(ii) Give the mathematical statement of the dual nature of matter.
(iii) Write the type of particles for which this principle is applicable.
(iv) Mention the value associated with this principle.

Q2. Guided by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and de-Broglie’s theory of dual nature of
particles Schrodinger proposed wave equation. To get proper solution of this equation integer
called quantum numbers were required.

(i) Name the quantum numbers.

(ii) Write the general values assigned to the quantum numbers.
(iii) Mention the value or values associated with wave equation.
(iv)

Q3. After the discovery of electron and proton Sir J.J. Thomson proposed the plum pudding
model of the atom .But this atomic model was abandoned when Rutherford performed the
alpha particle scattering experiment.

(i) Name the model of the atom proposed by the Rutherford.

(ii) Mention the main features OF THE ATOMIC MODEL proposed by Rutherford.
(iii) Write the value associated with Rutherford’s model of the atom.

Q4. Sukumar, a student of class XI science has learnt to write the electronic configuration of the
elements in the chemistry class. Now, He further wanted to know the rules for finding the
group numbers. On the next day he discussed his problem with his teacher. The teacher told his
the rules for finding the group number. Sukumar, then got satisfied.

(i) What rules were told to Sukumar by his teacher?

(ii) What atom is indicated by the following electronic configuration?
(iii) What values are displayed by Sukumar.

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 UNIT – 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
Q1. At present as many as 118 elements are known and the process of discovering new
elements is not yet over. Under the circumstances, it becomes rather impossible to study and
remember the properties of each element. Scientists felt the necessity of group elements of
similar characteristics together so that if the properties of one of them are known, those of the
other could be co-related. The real credit for preparing the periodic table goes to Mendeleev.

(i) Which important property did Mendeleev use to classify the elements in his periodic
table and did he stick to that?
(ii) What is the basic difference in approach between Mendeleev’s periodic law and the
Modern periodic law?
(iii) What values are shown by Mendeleev?

Q2. Vimla was taught in chemistry class about electron gain enthalpy. In general, the electron
gain enthalpy for some third period elements (eg.P,S,Cl) are more negative than the
corresponding second period members (eg.N,O,F). Vimla was totally confused and wanted to
know the reason for the same. She discussed with her teacher. The teacher explained the
phenomenon which makes Vimla satisfied.

(i) What would be the answer of the teacher?

(ii) Which of the following pairs of element has lesser gain electron gain enthalpy? N or O.
(iii) What values are shown by Vimla?

Q3. Name of elements and their atomic symbols were assigned smoothly up to atomic number
103(Lawrencium=Lr). But the problem arose when the element with atomic number 104 was
discovered separately by American and Russian scientists both. Americans Named it
Rutherfordium (Rf) While Russians named it Kurchatovium(Ku). Anyhow, this problem was
resolved by assigning digital IUPAC atomic symbol to the element having atomic number 104
and more. Thus element with atomic number 104 is called Unnilquadium (Uuq).

(i) Write the name and atomic symbol of an element having atomic number 107.
(ii) If the digital atomic symbol of an element is Uun. What is its name and atomic
number?
(iii) Mention the value associated with it.

Q4. Mendeleev studied the properties of the elements known at that time and arranged them
in to groups and periods. This arrangement is called Mendeleev’s Periodic table. In this table he
left some gaps to be filled by the elements yet to be discovered. When these elements were
discovered, Mendeleev remarked “I did not think that I should live to the verification of the law
but such was to be the case”.
(i) Name those elements which were discovered later.
(ii) Write the group of each one of these elements in the modern periodic table.
(iii) Mention the associated value with this question.

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 UNIT – 4 CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Q1. Ice floats on water. Rishabh asked his teacher, why ice is lighter than water? The teacher
explained the phenomenon to Rishabh and He got satisfied.

(i) What would be the answer of the teacher?

(ii) What is the hydrogen bond or hydrogen bonding?
(iii) What values are displayed by Rishabh?

Q2. Two students Saloni and Aditi were discussing about the allotropes of carbon. Saloni asked
Aditi ,why one allotrope of carbon is very hard use to make jewellery meanwhile Aditi told
Saloni that other allotrope of carbon is a good conductor and used to make pencils.

(i) Name the above two allotropes of carbon.

(ii) Why one allotrope is conductor and other is not?
(iii) What are allotropes?
(iv) What values are associated with these allotropes?

Q3. The Chemistry teacher was explaining the properties of two hydrides of Sulphur and
Oxygen: H2S and H2O. H2S and H2O are having same hybridization states but different bond
angles. H2S have indefinite volume while H2O has definite volume. H2S cannot be placed in an
open container but H2O can be placed due to their different physical states.

(i) Write the hybridization states of central atom in H2S and H2O.
(ii) What are the physical states of H2S and H2O?
(iii) Write bond angle of H2O.
(iv) Why H2S and H2O have different bond angles?
(v) Draw the Lewis structures of both the hydrides.

Q4. Rishabh and Sejal were discussing the difference between NF 3 and NH3 and both got
confused. Rishabh and Sejal asked their subject teacher, why NF3 and NH3 have different
dipole moment while both are having same hybridization states and same number of lone pair
of electrons.

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 UNIT – 5 STATES OF MATTER

Q1. Chemistry teacher was teaching the three variables Pressure (p), Temperature (T) and
Volume (V) to XIthclass students. He taught to students that there are three laws which deals
with the properties of gases at various variables keeping one of them constant. Suddenly one
of them asked teacher, how can we draw the graph between two variables keeping third one
constant.

(i) Name the gas law with the properties of the gases at constant pressure.
(ii) Which law deals the properties of the gases at constant temperature?
(iii) What is the Amontons’ law?
(iv) What value is associated with this concept?

Q2. Sejal asked Saloni that why people are undergoing medical check-up before going on
AMARNATH YATRA. Saloni explained the reason to Sejal and she got satisfied meanwhile
Rishabh told that liquid boils at lower temperature at a Hilly station than in a plane area.

(i) What reason was explained by Saloni to satisfy Sejal?

(ii) Why does liquid boil at lower temperature at Hilly station?
(iii) What value is associated with Saloni?
(iv) Mention the value Associated with concept of Rishabh?

Q3. One day Seema and Smriti decided to cook the food at a hill station. Seema takes a pan to
cook food while Smriti started cooking the food in a pressure cooker at the same place.

(i) Who will cook rice faster?

(ii) What is the effect of pressure on boiling point?
(iii) Pressure is lower or higher at hill station?
(iv) What value is associated with the pressure of cooking food in different vessels?

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 UNIT – 6 THERMODYNAMICS
Q1. The teacher taught in the class when an ideal gas expands, there is no change in
temperature. On the other hand, when a real gas expands, cooling in produced. Ram, a student
of the same class was curious to know its reason. The teacher explained the reason and Ram got
satisfied.
(a) What would be the answer of the teacher?
(b) For a reaction both DH and DH are negative under what conditions the reaction
occurs spontaneously?
(c) What values are displayed by Ram?

Q2. In general, an exothermic reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous. Seema was curious

to know under what circumstances and exothermic reaction may not be
thermodynamically spontaneous. She discussed her problem with her friend Nidhi who
explained her in detail and Seema got satisfied.
(a) What would be the answer of Nidhi?
(b) For a reaction both ∆H and ∆S are positive under what conditions the reaction
occurs spontaneously?
(c) What values are displayed by Nidhi?

Q3. While teaching the concept of irreversible process the teacher noticed that some students
of the class are restless because they were unable to grasp the subject. Then she recited a
nursery rhyme “Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the
king’s horse and all the king’s men could not put Humpty Dumpty together again”. The
students became cheerful and convinced.
(a) Name two irreversible natural processes.
(b) Mention the value or values associated with the above process.

Q4. Reversible process is slow but every slow process need not be reversible.
(a) Give an example with justification of a slow process which is not reversible.
(b) Write the associated value with your answer.

Q5.Some thermodynamic properties are related in the same way as total money earned money
paid as income tax and the money available for other purposes.
(a) Name these thermodynamic properties
(b) Write the relation or relations between these thermodynamic properties
(c) Mention the associated value with it.

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 UNIT – 7 EQUILIBRIUM
Q1. In group III, the cat ions Fe,Cr and Al are precipitated as hydroxides by the addition of
NH4OH to the aqueous solution of the mixture. But a small amount of NH 4Cl is added before
the addition of NH4 OH. Arvinder was confused to see why common NH4+ ion is added? He
asked his friend Palvinder the purpose of adding common NH4+ ion. Palvinder explained the
purpose of adding NH4Cl and then Arvinder got satisfied.
(a) What would be the answer of Palvinder.
(b) Why magnesium is not precipitated from a solution of it’s a salt by NH 4OH in the
presence of NH4Cl.
(c) What values are shown by Palvinder?

Q2. There is a fizz when a soda water battle is opened. Kusum was very curious to know its
reason. She discussed her problem with her elder sister Monika. Monika explained Kusum the
whole phenomenon and then Kusum got satisfied.

(a) What would be the answer of Monika?

(b) Solubility of a Ca (CH3COO)2 decreases with rise of temperature while that of Pb (NO3)2
increases with rise of temperature.
(c) What values are shown by Kusum and Monika?

Q3. A solution has the capacity to resist the change in its PH when a small amount of a strong
acid or strong base is added to it. These solutions may be acidic or basic or neutral in
nature.
(a) Name this solution and give a general example.
(b) Select the components to prepare this type of solution having PH between 4 and 5.
(c) Mention the value associated with this type of solution.

Q4. Ammonia is an important compound. It is manufactured by Haber’s process. In this

process nitrogen and hydrogen combine to produce ammonia in the presence of a catalyst.
𝑁2 𝑔 + 𝐻2 𝑔 ⇌ 2𝑁𝐻3 (𝑔)

(a) What is the source of nitrogen in Haber’s process?

(b) What is the effect of increase of temperature on the equilibrium yield of ammonia?
Justify your answer.
Q5. The teacher gave the samples of milk, black coffee, tomato juice, lemon juiced and egg
white to two groups of students and asked them to find the PH value of each sample
and arrange them in the order of decreasing PH values. They reported the PH values as
fallen.
Group A : Egg white Milk Black Coffee Tomato Juice, Lemon Juice
Group B: Egg white Black Coffee Tomato Juice, Lemon Juice
(a) Which group of students reported the correct decreasing order?
(b) Which sample has the highest PH value? Is it acidic or basic or neutral in nature?
(c) mention the value associated with the PH measurement

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 UNIT – 8 REDOX REACTIONS
Q1. Redox reactions are involved in chemical, industrial and biological processes. When the
chemistry teacher taught the redox reactions with reference to electrochemical cells the
students were not able to grasp the relation between anode, cathode, oxidation and
reduction. To convince the students the teacher told them to remember the sequence
English alphabets.
(a) How is sequence of English alphabets helpful to know the electrodes where oxidation
and reduction take place?
(b) Write the associated value this problem.

Q2.Fuels acts as source of energy. In the selection of fuel, its calorific value, economy and
environmental effects are taken in to consideration. Hydrogen gas is such a fuel which has
high calorific value and its combustion product does not have any harmful environmental
effect. Still hydrogen is not suitable as domestic fuel.
(a) Why is hydrogen not considered as a suitable domestic fuel.
(b) Write the combustion reaction of hydrogen.
(c) Name device where hydrogen and oxygen are used to produce energy.
(d) Mention the associated value with this question.

Q3.Yash Pal was totally confused to learn that phosphorous acid can act both as oxidizing agent
as well as reducing agent while phosphoric acid is only an oxidizing agent. He discussed this
problem with his friend Akbar. Akbar explained the phenomenon to his satisfaction.
(a) What examination did Akbar give to Yash Pal?
(b) in the reaction :-
MnO2 + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 + 2H2O +Cl2
(c) What values are attached to this explanation?

Q4. A solution of an electrolyte can be stored in a particular vessel only in case there is no
chemical reaction taking place with the material of the vessel. The teacher asked a
student Achin, is it possible to store silver nitrate in copper vessel. Achin explained the
teacher; it is not possible to store silver nitrate in copper vessel. Achin explained the
teacher; it is not possible to store silver nitrate in copper vessel and gave his explanation.
(a) What explanation did Achin gave to his teacher.
(b) What is oxidation according to electronic Concept?
(c) What values displayed by Achin?

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 UNIT – 9 HYDROGEN
Q1. Prakash was surprised to see that air painting get furnished. Prakash discussed this matter
with his elder brother Manoj. He also wanted to Manoj explained him the reason and also the
method to restore the original whiteness.
(a) Can you predict what explanation was given by Manoj?
(b) Analyse the attitude of both Prakash and Manoj?
(c) H2O2 act as an oxidizing agent as well as reducing agent. Why?

Q2. Teacher told the students that water should that water should be softened before using in
boilers. Karina one of the students, asked the reason. The teachers explained the reason
in detail to him and then Karina got satisfied.
(a) Predict the explanation given by the teacher.
(b) Temporary hard water becomes soft on boiling. Why?
(c) What values are displayed by Karina?

Q3. Hard water is unfit for its use in the laboratory and laundry because of the presence of
chlorides of calcium and magnesium. One way to remove these ions from hard water is
the use of sodium carbonate. Your teacher asked you to calculate the amount of sodium
required to remove the calcium ions from a sample of hard water which is 0.002 M in
calcium ions.
(a) Write the reaction of sodium carbonate in the removal of hardness of water.
(b) What mass of sodium Carbonate is required to remove the calcium ions from a
sample of 1000 litres of hard water?
(c) Write the value associated with this problem.

Q4. A compound of hydrogen and oxygen has empirical formula OH. This compound is used to
restore the colour of old oil paintings containing lead oxide. This compound also
liberates iodine from an acidified solution of potassium iodide.
(a) Name this compound and write its formula.
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the restoration of colours of the old
painting by this compound.
(c) Mention the value associated with the function of this compound.

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 UNIT – 10 s – BLOCK ELEMENTS
Q1. Om Prakash was studying the trend of solubility of alkaline earth hydroxides in water. By
doing actual experiments, he came to know that the solubility of hydroxides of alkaline earth
metals in water increases down the group i.e. Be(OH)2 is least soluble while Ba (OH)2 maximum
soluble in water. He discussed this problem with his classmate Anil. He explained the
phenomenon and Om Prakash got satisfied.

(a) What explanation did Anil give to Om Prakash?

(b) What values are attached to this explanation?
(c) Ba(OH)2 is soluble in water while BaSO4 is almost insoluble. Give reason.

Q2. During his experiments, Rajender found that sodium can be used to dry diethyl ether but
not ethyl alcohol. Rajender wanted to know the reason behind it. Therefore he asked his
friend Annu about this problem. Annu explained the chemistry behind it and Rajender got
satisfied.
(a) What explanation did Annu gave to Rajender?
(b) Sodium is found to be more useful than potassium.
(c) What values are displayed by Annu?

Q3. Quicklime is an important compound. It is prepared by thermal decomposition of

limestone in tall furnaces called kiln. During such an operation the top of the Chimney of
the kiln was closed. After one week when the kiln was opened it was observed that very
little lime was formed. The workers reported the poor result to the Production engineer
who suggested them to increase the height of the chimney. This time also there was no
improvement in the production of lime. Ultimately the production Engineer approached his
forms chemistry and narrated the problem. The professor suggested him to keep the top of
the chimney opened. This helped.
(a) Represent the thermal decomposition of lime stone by a chemical equation.
(b) Why was the production of lime not satisfactory when the top of the chimney was
closed?
(c) How did the suggestion of the professor help in the improvement of the production of
lime?
(d) Mention the associated value with this incidence.

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 UNIT – 11 p - BLOCK ELEMENTS
Q1. One of the elements of group 13 was not known at that time when Mendeleev gave his
periodic table. This element has some interesting properties much different from other
elements of this group.
Now answer the following questions:
(i) Name the element which was not known at Mendeleev’s time.
(ii) Mention its interesting properties.
(iii) Give its one use.

Ans: (i) Gallium

(ii) It can melt at 303 K but it does not boil up to 2676 K.
(iii) Used as semi-conductor.

Q2. Kevlar is a nylon obtained by condensation polymerisation of 1,4- diaminobenzene and

1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Its fibre is five times stronger than steel and hence are used for
making bullet-proof vests. There are two compounds of boron which are also used for making
bullet-proof vests.

Now answer the following questions:

(i) Name the two compounds of boron used for making bullet-proof vests and how are
they prepared?
(ii) What are the advantages of using boron based compounds over Kevlar?
Ans:

(i) Boron nitride (BN) and Boron carbide (B4C)

B2O3(s) + 2NH3 2 BN (s) + 3H2O (g) (At 1173 K)

2 B2O3(s) + 7 C (s) –Electric furnace -- B4C (s) + 6CO (g) (At 1873 K)
(ii) Boron has high ability to absorb neutrons and hence these two boron compounds can
act as protective shield against radioactive radiations.

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 UNIT – 12 SOME BASIC CONCEPT IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Q1. Three students Vaibhav, Vishal and Vikas were determining the elements present in given
organic compound by Lassaigne’s test. Vaibhav added FeSO4 and dil. H2SO4 acid to Na- extract
and observed Prussian blue colour. Vishal was keeping some pieces of sodium metal in his
pocket, Vikas asked him not to do so. Now answer the following questions.

(a) Name the element present in the organic compound.

(b) Write the test for chlorine
(c) Write the value associated.

Ans: (a)Nitrogen
(b) sodium fusion extract + silver nitrate solution = white ppt
(c)Scientific attitude/concern for others

Q2. An organic compound on heating changes directly into vapours without undergoing into
liquid state, it is insoluble in water and is commonly used to prevent clothes against moths. It is
contaminated with cinnamaldehyde. Naresh, a student of class XI was asked by his teacher how
to purify it. Now answer the following questions

(i) Which method of purification would Naresh apply?

(ii) Name the compound and write it’s another use.
(iii) Write the value associated with this.

Ans: (a) Sublimation

(b) Naphthalene and can be used as freshener

(c) Scientific attitude

Q3. Carbon shows a unique property to form a large number of organic compounds. Even
towards the end of 19th century the number of organic compounds known was difficult to
remember by their common names. In order to systematize the naming of organic compounds
IUPAC system of nomenclature was first introduced in 1947and is modified from time to time.
Based on these facts now answer the following questions:

(i) Name the property of carbon to link itself to form a large number of compounds.
(ii) Write the IUPAC name of CH3 CH=CH CH (Br) CH3 and trivial name of
CH3– C (CH3)2 – CH3.
(iii) Write the value associated with property of carbon.

Ans: (i) Catenation

(ii) 4-Bromopent-2-ene, Neo-pentane
(iii) integration / group works

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 UNIT – 13 HYDROCARBONS
Q1. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are called alkanes. They are mainly used as fuels.
Depending upon their physical properties such as boiling point, density, solubility, they have
many other uses. Now answer the following questions.

(a)Out of propane and butane why is propane used as fuel for barbecue grill?
(b)Which alkane is used in cigarette lighters?
(c)What is mineral oil? Give its uses.
(d)What are the uses of solid alkanes?
(e)What is Vaseline? What are its uses?
Ans:
(a) Barbecue is usually done in open. In cold countries, although both propane and butane can
be used but propane is preferred because it works better at low temperatures. The reason
being that due to lower boiling point (231K), propane always remains as gas in the cylinder in
spite of cooling produced by Joule Thomson effect during its use and thus ensures a constant
supply of gas. In contrast, butane due to its higher boiling point(272.5K)and cooling produced
by Joule-Thomson effect, it becomes a liquid in the cylinder and thus the supply of gas becomes
slower and slower as the gas is being used.

(b) Butane is used in cigarette lighters since it can be easily liquefied at room temperature.

(c) Mineral oil is a mixture of liquid alkanes containing 16-18 carbon atoms and is used as a
laxative and as a lubricant.

(d) Alkanes with 18 or more carbon atoms are waxy solids. These are used as waxy coatings on
fruits and vegetables to help them to retain moisture, inhibit mould growth and enhance
appearance.

(e)Vaseline is a mixture of solid alkanes having low melting points. It can prevent moisture loss
and chapped lips and soften nail cuticles .It is also used in ointments and cosmetics.

Q2.Benzene is the simplest and ideal aromatic compound. It is also one of the most basic
petrochemicals. It is mainly used to prepare a number of important chemicals such as toluene,
phenol, aniline, biphenyl etc which are used in the manufacture of dyes, detergents, drugs,
explosives, pesticides, rubber sand lubricants. But it is carcinogenic. Now answer the following
questions.

(a)Mention 3 uses of benzene in petrochemical industry.

(b)Why benzene is used as additive in gasoline?

(c)Comment on the bad effects and carcinogenicity of benzene.

(d)In view of toxicity and carcinogenicity of benzene, should its production be banned? Give
your suggestions.

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Ans:

(a)Benzene is mainly used as an intermediate to make other chemicals. About 85 of benzene is

consumed in the production of 3 chemicals, ethyl benzene, cumene and cyclohexane. Ethyl
benzene is a precursor to styrene, which is used to make polymers and plastics. Cumene is
converted to phenol and acetone.

Cyclohexane is used to manufacture nylon.

(b)Because of its high octane number and anti-knocking properties benzene is used as an
additive in gasoline.

(c)Exposure of benzene vapours to humans is a global problem. It affects liver, kidney, lungs
and heart. Benzene increases the risk of cancer and other illness. In the body, it gets oxidized to
benzene oxide which is not excreted readily and can interact with DNA to produce harmful
mutations. Benzene is also a notorious cause of bone marrow failure.

(d)Although benzene is a potential carcinogen, its production cannot be banned because it’s
wide spread application in the manufacture of dyes, detergents, nylons, explosives and
pesticides. Instead, benzene should be used in fuming cupboards and ventilated laboratories.

Q3. Kamala and Reena are best friends. One evening Kamala went to Reena’s house and found
her in the kitchen. She saw that the burner was emitting yellow flame and a black soot was
getting deposited on the bottom of the cooking vessel .She advised Kamala to put off the gas
and helped her in cleaning the holes of the burner. The gas was then switched on and they
found that the burner was now emitting clean blue flame.

(i) Why was the burner emitting yellow flame?

(ii) What was the purpose of cleaning the holes of the burner?

(iii) What value is expressed by Kamala?

Ans:

(i) The holes of the burner were blocked due to soot or some oily material. This caused
incomplete combustion of the fuel

(ii) By cleaning the holes of the burner the deposits were removed which led to the complete
combustion of the fuel.

(iii) Kamala helped her friend in saving fuel and in preventing wastage of gas.

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 UNIT – 14 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Q1. Environmental pollution is causing a serious threat on the earth. Due to combustion of
fossil fuels, a number of poisonous and harmful gases enter into the atmosphere. Every country
has made strict laws for industries and individual citizens to keep pollution under control.

Now answer the following questions:

(i) Why is it advised not to sleep with burning coke angithi in a closed room on winter
nights?
(ii) How does the combustion of motor fuels cause pollution of the atmosphere?
(iii) Name one natural source and one human activity by which SO2 enters into
atmosphere?

Ans: (i) On burning coke, a lot of carbon monoxide is produced which causes anoxia.

(ii)On burning motor-fuels, toxic oxides of nitrogen is formed which affect respiratory
system.
(iii)Due to volcanic eruption and through combustion of sulphur containing fuels.

Q2. An ozone-layer is present at a height of 25-30 km from earth-surface which protects us

from U.V. radiation.A hole in the ozone-layer is created due to human activity.

Now answer the following questions:

(i) Which activity has been causing ozone-hole?

(ii) What is the most serious effect of ozone-hole?
(iii) What hasbeen done to protect ozone layer?
(iv) How does excess CO2 gas pollute the atmosphere?

Ans:

(i) Use of CFC’s

(ii)The most serious effect is that U.V. radiation reaches the earth-surface causing skin
cancer.

(iii)Use of CFC’s has been banned.

(iv)Excess CO2 creates ‘greenhouse effect’ which increases the earth’s temperature.

*****

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