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Question 1
a) I there any indication that the fluids differ at 5% level of significance?
When the ANOVA produces a significant result, this is only indicating that there is at least one
mean which differs from the others and not exactly which group. In order to analyze the
differences between the means and to identify which group is different, the ANOVA is often
followed by specific comparisons. This can be carried out using a pairwise comparison method
called Fisher LSD. The analysis was carried out using One Way ANOVA in the SPSS software,
(I) Fluid Type (J) Fluid Type Mean Difference Std. Error Sig.b 95% Confidence Interval for
(I-J) Differenceb
Based on the comparison of the means using the LSD method there is indication that fluid 3
differs significantly from fluid 1 and fluid 2. This can be concluded because there is a significant
difference in the mean for fluid life for fluid 3 when compared life for fluids 1 and 2. The p value
for mean difference between fluid 3 and 1 was 0.04 (p=0.040) and that of 3 and 2 p=0.01, both of
which are less than 0.05 at the significance level of 5%.
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b) Which fluid would you select, given that the objective is long life?
The choice of fluid would be dependent on the fluid having the longest life. This information
can be obtained from the descriptive statistics graph as well as the mean plot.
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum
From the table and the graph it can be seen that fluid 3 would be selected as it had the longest
mean life of 20.95 hours at 45KV (please see graph and table above).
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The normal probability plot of residuals to verify the assumption that the residuals are normally
distributed. From the plot above it can be seen that the points are normally distributed as they are
all close to the diagonal. Therefore the assumption of normal is distribution is met.
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The residuals versus fluid plot is used to verify the assumption that the residuals are randomly
distributed and have constant variance. Ideally, the points should fall randomly on both sides of
0, with no recognizable patterns in the points. From the plot above it can be seen that the
residuals are randomly distributed on both sides of 0. Therefore it can be concluded that the
assumption of constant variance or variance equality is also met.
Both residual plots support the basic assumption of ANOVA which include normal distribution
of the points and variance equality.
Brandeice Barrett- 1201539
Question 2
a) Is there any evidence that the stirring rate affects grain size at the 5 % level of
significance?
To test whether or not the stirring rate affects the grain size, an analysis of variance
(ANOVA) test is carried out. The output of ANOVA obtained from the SPSS software is
presented below.
Yes there is evidence that the Stirring Rate (SR) affects the grain size at the 5% level of
significance. This can be seen in the resulting p value which is less than 0.05 this is
indicating that the stirring rate does have an effect on the grain size at the 5 % level of
significance. The null hypothesis is rejected as the probability that the grain size occurred
due to chance is less than 5% (the probability is too low).
b) Is there evidence that the furnace affects the grain size at the 5 % level of
significance?
Yes there is evidence that the furnace affects the grain size at the 5% level of
significance. This can be seen in the resulting p value (p = 0.035) which is less than 0.05
this is indicating that the furnace does have an effect on the grain size at the 5 % level of
significance. The null hypothesis is rejected as the probability that the grain size occurred
due to chance is 3.5 % (the probability is too low).
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c) What should the process engineers recommend concerning the choice of stirring
rate and furnace for this grain refiner if small grain size is desirable?
The means plot above illustrates the grain sizes produced based on the furnace and stirring rate.
From the plot it can be seen that if smallest grain size is desired the process engineers should
recommend using furnace 2 at a stirring rate of 5 rpm.
Brandeice Barrett- 1201539
Question 3
a) Is there any evidence that the brand of battery affects the life in hours at 5% level of
significance?
To test whether or not the brand of battery affects the life of the battery, an analysis of
variance (ANOVA) test is carried out. The output of ANOVA obtained from the Minitab 18
software is presented below.
Yes there is evidence that the brand of battery affects the life in hours at the 5% level of
significance. This can be seen in the resulting p value (p=0.022) which is less than 0.05
this is indicating that the brand of battery does have an effect on the life of the battery at
the 5 % level of significance. The null hypothesis is rejected as the probability that the
life occurred due to chance is 2.2 % (the probability is too low).
b) Is there any evidence that the device affects the life in hours at 5% level of
significance?
Yes there is evidence that the device the life in hours at the 5% level of significance. This
can be seen in the resulting p value (p<0.01) which is less than 0.05 this is indicating that
the device does have an effect on the life of the battery at the 5 % level of significance.
The null hypothesis is rejected as the probability that the life occurred due to chance is
less than 5% (the probability is too low).
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Total 11 23.8425
From the table the interaction between Brand of battery and device resulted a p value of
0.643 which is greater than 0.05. This would suggest that the interaction between these
two variables does not create an effect on the life of the battery at the significance level
of 5%.
The interaction plot above also supports the data obtained from the ANOVA table that
indicates that there is no interaction effect at the 5% level of significance. An interaction
effect would have been indicated by intersecting line(s).
Brandeice Barrett- 1201539
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Brand of Battery
** Brand A = 1
** Brand B= 2
*** Devices: 1 =Radio 2= Camera 3= DVD Player
The contour plot above shows the life of the battery in colour bands based on the relationship
with the brand of battery and devices. The plot is based on the model generated from the Minitab
18 analysis of the data. The plot reveals that the Brand B of battery has the highest life ( >9
hours)
This is also observed in the main effect graph where brand B is seen to have a greater mean life
than brand A. Therefore I would recommend this brand of battery.