Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Topic 2
Sociocultural is defined as:
A way of life in which the people always develop and mix with different races to
form a diversity in a society
It is related to the different groups of people in society and their habits, traditions, and
beliefs (Cambridge Dictionary)
2. Mesosystem – the interaction of the different microsystems which the developing child
finds himself in.
(E.g. linkages between home and school, between peer group and family,
or between family and church)
3. Exosystem – the linkages that may exist between two or more settings, one of it may not
contain the developing child but affects him indirectly nonetheless.
(E.g. the parents’ workplaces, the larger neighbourhood, and extended
family members)
– other people and places which the child may not directly interact with but
may still have an effect on the child.
4. Macrosystem – the largest and most distant collection of people and places to the child
that still exercises significant influence on the child.
(E.g. composed of the child’s cultural patterns and values, specifically the
child’s dominant beliefs and ideas, as well as political and economic
systems)
“Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level,
and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside
the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical
memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual
relationships between individuals.” (Vygotsky, 1978, p.57)
3. Scaffolding
o Modify the support level given
o Closely related to ZPD.
o Conversation and interaction are the most important components during the
scaffolding process to obtain a new and more systematic concept.
o Types of conversation:
1. Individually
2. Communication with others
o The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent
problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through
problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable
peers.