1 DES: <The Schramm’s model of communication originated from Shannon

Weaver’s model of communication. The Shannon weaver model is more

mathematical and technological, whereas Schramm’s model is more
psychological.>

2 ADONIS: <It was postulated by WILBUR SCHRAMM in 1954, where he

suggested that communication is a two-way process where both sender and receiver
take turns to send and receive a message.>

3 DES: <This model was adapted from the theories of another theorist CHARLES
EGERTON OSGOOD, a distinguished American psychologist who developed a
technique for measuring the connotative meaning of concepts, known as the
semantic differential.>

4 ADONIS: <So this model is also known as OSGOOD AND SCHRAMM

MODEL OF COMMUNICATION or ENCODE-DECODE MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION.>

5 DES: Osgood replaced the LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION, a one-

way process where the sender is the only one who sends message and the receiver
doesn’t give feedback or response with the CIRCULAR PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION. <So guys, if the linear model of communication means a
one-way process where the sender is the only one who sends the message and the
receiver doesn’t give a feedback or response, how about circular process of
communication? Any idea?> So this refers to the exchange of information between
2 or more people. Again, Osgood replaced the LINEAR MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION with the CIRCULAR PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION and Schramm added the concept of FIELD OF
EXPERIENCE.

6 ADONIS: FIELD OF EXPERIENCE are the things that influences the

understanding and interpretation of message like culture, social background, beliefs,
experiences, values and rule. So this model is described in Schramm’s book, “THE
PROCESS AND EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION.”

7 LYRAZEL: <Here are the components of Schramm’s Model. The SENDER or

TRANSMITTER, ENCODER, DECODER, RECEIVER, INTERPRETER,
MESSAGE, FEEDBACK, MEDIUM or MEDIA and NOISE. We already know
the purpose of the sender, encoder, decoder and receiver in a communication
process.> (Babasahin yung meaning ng SENDER, ENCODER, DECODER at
RECEIVER sa board.)

8 VAN: <Who can give the meaning or purpose of an interpreter? Anyone?>

INTERPRETER – is the person who tries to understand and analyze the message.
MESSAGE – is the data sent by the sender and information that the receiver gets.
The channel used to send the message is called MEDIUM or MEDIA.
FEEDBACK is the process of responding to the received message by the receiver.
NOISE is the interference and interruptions caused during the process.
SEMANTIC NOISE is the concept introduce in this model. <Who among you can
still remember the definition of semantic noise?> (exactly!) Semantic noise occurs
when the sender and receiver applies different meaning to the same message.

9 CHRISTINE: How does Schramm’s model works? <The model suggests that
ENCODING and DECODING are the 2 most important part of a communication
process.> ENCODING is a critical part in starting the procedure of correspondence
by converting data into formation. <Encoding is done by a sender (transmitter) and
sent to a receiver.> When data reaches to the receiver. The receiver decodes and
interprets the data. This data is called a MESSAGE, and is transmitted to a
medium. <So the data that reaches the receiver and has been decoded and
interpreted by a person is called MESSAGE.>
10 VAN: This model shows how meaning is transferred from one person or group
to another. This is used in both INTRAPERSONAL and INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION. <Intrapersonal communication is a communicator’s internal
use of language or thought while interpersonal communication is the process by
which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and
nonverbal messages: it is face-to-face communication.>

11 CHRISTINE: This model describes that communication is a never ending

process which constitutes messages and feedbacks. Each person is both sender and
receiver, so there must be an interpretation of the message on each turn. The
interpreted data is known as INFORMATION. < So again the interpreted data is
known as information.> This makes communication effective but might cause
problems too as the message sent after encoding might not be the same when
decoded by the receiver. <So, this model is not conventional like other models that
only talk about sender and receiver.>

12 CYBER: Aside from encoding and decoding, FEEDBACK is also a very

important component as it lets the sender know if the receiver has interpreted the
message as required or not. The message becomes useless if the receiver does not
understand it, making the feedback different than the expected outcome. <For
instance, a person is talking to someone who doesn’t understands English. The
person won’t be able to decode it as the person cannot understand that language.
The feedback is immediately passed to the sender knowing that the receiver hasn’t
interpreted the message as required making feedback an important component in the
communication.>
CONCEPTS OF SCHRAMM’S COMMUNICATION MODEL
Schramm believed that the background of the individual who is involved plays an
important role in communication. People with various knowledge, experience and
cultural practices interpret message in a different way than others. A sender passes
on the information to the receiver. The receiver interprets it according to his or her
knowledge, experiences and gives feedback to the sender. The main concept if his
model

FIELD OF EXPERIENCE
Field of experience are the thing that influences the understanding and
interpretation of message like culture, social background, beliefs, experiences,
values and rules.
Same message can be interpreted differently by different people. If the words and
signs they both (sender or receiver) use are common they communicate more
efficiently.

<For example, a person always eats with spoon is inform that he has to eat with
hands in that place., the person will get offended because he will think it is impolite
to eat that way. Socio-cultural gap will change the way a person interprets the
message.>

ADVANTAGES OF SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

 Circular communication gives opportunity to both parties to give their opinion
 As it is dynamic and ever-changing model, it is helpful in general practice
 Sender and receiver interchanges are both equally active
 Semantic noise included concept helps in understanding problems that can
occur during interpretation of message
 Feedback makes it easier to know if the message is interpreted by the receiver
as intended or not
 Concept of interpretation makes the communication effective
 Field of experience (psychological effect) helps to understand the
communication process in many other ways than the traditional ones
 Concept of context makes the environmental factor be included in
interpretation of message and brings change in the message value

DISADVANTAGES OF SCHRAMMS MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

 This model cannot deal with multiple levels of communication and complex
communication processes
 There can only be two sources communicating, many sources complicate the
process and the model cannot be implemented.
 Message sent and received might be interpreted differently than intended