EMF Basics

Current Safety Guidelines

Radio Frequency Magnetic Fields Electric Fields Dirty Electricity

10,000,000 µW/m2 or 61.4 V/m1 2,000 mG2 614 V/m3 No known standards

Biologically-Based Safety Guidelines

RF MF EF DE

< 10 V/m5 or <

Daytime < 400 mV or
< 0.2 V/m4 < 1 mG 1,000 mV (body
Exposure < 200 GS units7
voltage)6

< 1 V/m or <

Night Time < 400 mV or
< 0.06 V/m < 1 mG 500 mV (body
Exposure < 200 GS units
voltage)

< 0.3 V/m or <

Sensitive < 100 mV or
< 0.02 V/m < 0.1 mG 100 mV (body
Populations < 50 GS units
voltage)

1 Averaged over 6 minutes (in the cell phone/wifi range).

See https://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Orders/1996/fcc96326.pdf
2 ICNIRP standard for uncontrolled residential exposure.
See https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPLFgdl.pdf
3 The FCC doesn’t have standards for the 50-60 Hz electric fields coming off electrical wires. Their 614 V/m standard
applies to the 0.3-1.34 MHz range.
4 Recommendation from Building Biologist Oram Miller. See http://www.createhealthyhomes.com/emf_meters.php
5 EUROPAEM 2016 EMF Guidelines. Potential-free (ungrounded) reading.
6 Recommendation from Building Biologist Michael Neuert.
https://emfcenter.com/faqs-about-emfs/#EMF_Testing_and_Safety_Levels
7 Recommendation from Building Biologist Jeromy Johnson.
See https://www.emfanalysis.com/how-to-measure-dirty-electricity/

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Types of EMFs

RF MF EF DE

Frequency Range8 3 kHz to 300 GHz 50 to 60 Hz 50 to 60 Hz 300 Hz to 10 MHz

V/m, µW/m2,
V/m (in the air)
Units of Measurement µW/cm2, mW/m2, mW/ mG, nT (nano Tesla) GS units, mV
mV (body voltage)
cm2

- Cornet ED88T Plus

- Cornet ED88T Plus - Trifield TF2 - Line EMI Meter (also

- Cornet ED88T Plus
Recommended EMF - Trifield TF2 - Gigahertz Solutions called “Greenwave”)
- Trifield TF2
Meters - Gigahertz Solutions ME3030B - Stetzerizer
- Acousticom 2
ME3030B - Body Voltage Meter Microsurge Meter

Kit

CFL & other

Cell phones, cell Power lines, charger
Household wiring, fluorescent light
phone antennas, for electronics,
power strips, bulbs, dimmer
wifi, Bluetooth, circuit breaker panel,
ungrounded switches, solar panel
Common Sources microwave ovens, transformers and
electronics, lamps inverters, chargers for
cordless phones, motors, wiring errors
& lighting, cords & electronics, smart TVs
baby monitors, utility or current on water
chargers and countless modern
“smart” meters pipes
electronics

Readings in V/m show the peak radiofrequency power, whereas a measurement of power
density like µW/m2 would show an average over time (usually a few seconds). This average
over time could give a false sense of security considering that phones and modern
electronics vary their power output greatly up to multiple times per second.

For this reason, reading the peak power in V/m is a better way to assess at what levels
we can expect symptoms from EMF exposure and non-thermal biological effects. To
convert power density readings to V/m, visit http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/science/
unitconversion.asp

8 The frequency ranges studied during this course and shown to have biological effects.

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Conversion Tables

Radiofrequency

V/m 19.4 6.14 2 0.6 0.2 0.06 0.02 0.006

µW/m2 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1000 100 10 1 0.1

mW/m2 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001

µW/cm2 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001

mW/cm2 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 0.0000001 0.00000001

Magnetic Fields — Tesla to Gauss

1T 10,000 G
100 mT 1,000 G
10 mT 100 G
1 mT 10 G
100 µT 1G
10 µT 100 mG
1 µT 10 mG
100 nT 1 mG
10 nT 100 µG
1 nT 10 µG

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Glossary

2G: 2nd generation of cellular networks. Allowed for voice calls and limited data
transmission.

3G: 3rd generation of cellular networks. Allowed mobile phones, computers, and other
portable electronic devices to access the Internet wirelessly.

4G: 4th generation of cellular networks. Intended to replace 3G, it allowed wireless Internet
access at a much higher speed.

5G: 5th generation of cellular networks. Intended to replace 3G and 4G, it should reach
speeds at least 10-100X faster than previous networks.

ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, or motor neuron
disease.

ASD: Autism spectrum disorder.

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, an adenosine-derived nucleotide that supplies large amounts

of energy to cells for various biochemical processes.

BBB: Blood-brain barrier.

BH4: Tetrahydrobiopterin, a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic

amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine
and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT),
melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a
cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide synthases.

Ca2+: Intracellular calcium.

CFS/ME: Chronic fatigue syndrome, also called “Myalgic Encephalopathy”.

DE: Dirty electricity. In the context of this course this term is used to refer to electric fields
which range from 300 Hz to 10 MHz.

EEG: Electroencephalography, an electrophysiological monitoring method to record

electrical activity of the brain.

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EF: Electric fields. In the context of this course this term is used to refer to electric fields
from household wiring, with a frequency of 50 to 60 Hz.

EHS: Electro hypersensitivity.

EMFs: Electromagnetic fields.

EMR: Electromagnetic radiation.

EUROPAEM: The European Academy for Environmental Medicine.

FCC: Federal Communications Commission.

GHz: Gigahertz. Equals to one billion (1,000,000,000) Hertz.

GSH: Glutathione.

Hz: Hertz. One Hz equals one cycle per second.

ICNIRP: The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.

IARC: The International Agency for Research on Cancer, a branch of the WHO.

kHz: Kilohertz. Equals to one thousand (1,000) Hertz.

LTE: Long-term evolution. Standard for high-speed wireless communication for mobile
devices that’s similar to 4G.

MCS: Multiple chemical sensitivity.

MF: Magnetic fields. In the context of this course this term is used to refer to magnetic fields
from household wiring, with a frequency of 50 to 60 Hz.

mG: Milligauss, a unit of measurement for magnetic fields.

MHz: Megahertz. Equals to one million (1,000,000) Hertz.

MS: Multiple sclerosis.

mV: Millivolts, a unit of measurement for electric fields (body voltage method) or dirty

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electricity.

mW/cm2: Milliwatts per square centimeter, a unit of measurement for radiofrequency.

mW/m2: Milliwatts per square meter, a unit of measurement for radiofrequency.

NMDA receptor: Very important receptor in the brain which controls synaptic plasticity and
memory function.

nnEMFs: Non-native EMFs. In other words, modern EMFs emitted by electrical and electronic
devices.

NO/ONOO- (cycle): The nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) cycle.

NRF2: A protein that controls how certain genes are expressed, and which regulates the
expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury
and inflammation.

RF: Radiofrequency EMFs, which range from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz.

RFR: Radiofrequency radiation.

RNS: Reactive nitrogen species. Peroxynitrite is arguably the most damaging kind, and its
product has been shown to be increased by EMF exposure.

ROS: Reactive oxygen species.

SAR: Specific absorption rate, often shown in watts per kilogram (W/kg). Measures of the
rate of absorption of RF energy in the body, and has been used to set safety standards
based on heating effects, not biological effects.

SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism.

SOD: Superoxide dismutase.

TETRA: Terrestrial Trunked Radio, a European standard used for radio communications by
government agencies, emergency services, rail transport staff for train radios, transport
services and the military.

µW/cm2: Microwatts per square centimeter, a unit of measurement for radiofrequency.

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µW/m2: Microwatts per square meter, a unit of measurement for radiofrequency.

VGCCs: Voltage-gated calcium channels.

V/m: Volts per meter, a unit of measurement for radiofrequency or electric fields.

WHO: The World Health Organization

W/kg: Watts per kilogram, a unit of measurement often used to measure a cell phone’s SAR.

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