Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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1.1 DEPTH A/T:-
1-1.2 Depth A/T Procedure: -When pits are ready and called for, proceed on the route
with following tools.
1. Small tape of 3.0 Meter for depth measurement.
2. Long tape of 30 Meter for offset measurement.
3. Rodometer is required to measure the shifted pits due to local
problems.
Measure depth of the pit from the top of PLB pipe or from the top of protection
provided and for correct measurement holds big tape horizontally on ground level, touch
small tape vertically on the top of PLB or Protection and read depth at the crossing of two
tapes which is the exact depth A/T reading in cms.
- Now final reading = measured depth + thickness of protection.
- Note down the results in the following table.
- Measure offset (distance of trench from the centre of road)
by 30 M tape in meter.
- Note down type of soil as Rocky (R) where trenching has
been executed by blasting / chiseling. Non rocky (NR), at
some places it may be R + NR.
- If area is built up, write as B/U in remark.
- Confirm GI + CC / RCC pipe is provided in the culvert bed or not?
- If GI pipe is taken along with parapet wall then proper clamping is
provided or not?
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Note down the Readings in table as below, for example,
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1-1.5 Relaxation for less depth from competent authority:-
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1-1.7 HDD (Horizontal Directional Drilling)
A new type of technique is introduced in BSNL. In this technique pipes are laid through horizontal
bore by a machine and depth of cable automatically revealed by a sensor. This type of technique is
operated in the city where manual or conventional technique is not possible, for example, below
footpath in the city. The main advantage of HDD is depth of cable is sufficient below the ground so
no question of protection is arises.
In this method boring is achieved by pushing of GI pipe of 3 meter length at a distance of
approximately 100 to 150 meters. At the time of execution of trenching work depth reading is
noted down on RD-98 instrument which is known as radio detector. It is kept and read out where 3
meter pipe ends. When gain is maximum, display will show the depth of bore. In water Bentonite
powder is added in tanker approx 250Kg in 3000liters of water to form a channel for pulling of
pipe.
General:-
• Applicable in Corporation/Municipality limits only.
• Useful for Highway/Rail crossing
• Normally 250cms depth is possible
• Bore dia 100mm for 4 PLB or less pipes and for 5-8 PLB Bore dia 200mm.
• Machine should drill maximum 1.50 meter at a time.
• Depth at the entry should be 165cms.
• Depth, deviation and offset to be provided by machine automatically with graph.
• HDD is normally deployed in soft soil.
• GI route indicators at every 200 meter manhole and 30 cm above ground level.
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1-2 CABLE A/T
1-2.1 General : - In BSNL OF cable of various capacities from 6F to 96F. i.e. 6F, 12F, 24F, 48F
& 96Fare being used. There are near about 25-30 cable manufacturing companies with different
IOR for every make. 144F, 288F, 576F cables are as a high count cable. Please see the IOR table
as below. Please see various Optical fiber cables in Fig. 1-5 to 1-8.In one repeaters section cable of
two makes should not be used if no alternative then IOR should be the same upto maximum three
digits after decimal..
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1-2.3 Source Loss:-
Check termination of Optical fibre on FDF with connectors at both the stations. Measure
output power of source with power meter for both 1310 and 1550 nm window by pressing CW in
source meter. Keep power meter at station A. with A/T Officer and send source to other station or
vice versa. Ask distant station to send source, measure received power at your end on all fibre and
tabulate the results as below:-
Trans power: - 1310:- - dBm
1510:- - dBm
1-2.4 SPLICE LOSS: - Take splice distances of OFC from the installer. Connect the meter as
shown in Fig. 1-3
OTDR FDF
Fig. 1-3
Set the OTDR for title, fibre number, IOR, pulse width, distance manually or in auto mode. Start
OTDR. Cable trace appears on the screen. Adjust two cursors for section loss in LSA mode. Take
out the printout in manual. Select events in Auto mode. Observe event table on display. Note down
the loss and distance of splice. Prepare a chart. Carry out same splice loss test from other end also
with print out or otherwise note down. Calculate average splice loss:-
Specifications:- Fibre loss.
1. 0.43 dB/km for 1310 nm
2. 0.33 dB/km for 1550 nm
3. Average splice loss should be less than 0.1dB, but in any case
Individual splice loss should not exceed 0.3 dB
4. If OF Cable is existing then 0.50 dB/km for 1310 nm and 0.35 dB/km for 1550 nm
window.
5. 10 % of total splices may have loss more than 0.3 dB provided per Km loss should
be within limit.
8
6 For 96 F the modem section is increased to 15km for calculating specification.
7 . If OF Cable modem sections is less than 10 km then calculate specification
as follows:-
a) Total splice loss = no. of joints x 0.1 dB
b) FDF loss will be 0.5 dB for each FDF
c) Cable loss excluding splice loss and FDF,
= 0.38 dB x cable length in Km
d) Total cable loss = a + b + c
e) Limit for cable loss including FDF & splice
d
= --------------------------------- dB/km
Length of cable in Km.
f) For 1550 nm 0.25 instead 0.38.
8. Individual splice loss should not exceed 0.3 dB
9. Normally in one hop two different make cable should not be used but
due to shortage if used , arrange make of same IOR up to 3 decimals.
10.Test cable for both window i.e. 1310 and 1550.
1-2.5 General:-
1. 12 F colors (make Aksh):- Blue, Orange, Green, Brown, Slate, Red,
Violet, Water glazy, Pink, White, Black, Yellow.
2. Three types of measurement modes: - Manual, Full Auto, Auto.
Auto – Measurement using values which are set,
Full Auto – Distance range and pulse width automatically set by OTDR.
Manual: - Distance and pulse width to be set manually.
3. Two methods LSA – ( Least Square Approximation ) :- Line is drawn
by computing the least square of distance from all measured data.
2 PA (Two Point Approximation):- Two measured data points are
linked at two markers.
4. All termination boxes are to be encased in wooden frame with glass.
5. FDMS ( Fibre Distribution and Management System ) :- 96 F cable have 4
tubes of 24 fibers , Blue, Orange , White, White . Each 24 F are further spitted
into 12 F, called Ribbon which are to be terminated in a Tray, so 8 Trays are
required for 96 fibers.
6. Ribbon color: - Blue, orange, green, brown, slate, white, red, black, yellow,
violet. rose and aqua.
7. Find out correct IOR from cable drum as IOR is important, since optical length
of fibre changes with IOR.
8. Core: - Pure silica glass with impurity, 8/50 micron dia, IOR higher than
cladding.
9. Cladding: - 125 microns dia, silica glass made, IOR lower than core.
10. Diameter of fibre with plastic color coating is 250 microns.
11. Pig tails are used to extend OF cable from termination box to FDF, Color
yellow with PVC white color coating, dia 900 microns.
12. one micron = 10 -6 meter
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1-3 OFC System Acceptance Testing
1-3.1 Various types of Meters required for OFC A/T
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6. SDH Analyzer 1. W & G ANT-20 E BN 3035/71 Germany.
(With Jitter Analyzer/ Generation Module)
2. W & G ANT-20 E (Without Jitter)
3. Acterna ANT- 20 SE with Jitter
4. ICT Victoria Jitter/ Wander YB 0065 (Portable)
5. Anritsu MP 1550 B PDH/SDH Analyzer with
Jitter & Wander.
6. WAVETEK Media Test set N 292
7. HP BER 717 with jitter up to STM-4, no 37717 C
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1-3.2 Brief about ANT-20 (Advance Network Tester)
The following Meters are available in above ANT-20 models which can be added or
removed as per our requirement.
1. Anomaly/Defect analyzer
2. Anomaly/Defect insertion
3. PDH Generator/ Analyzer.
4. Jitter Generator/ Analyzer.
5. Performance Analysis
6. Pointer Analyzer
7. Pointer Generator
8. Overhead Analyzer
9. Overhead Generator
Signal structure (Mapping) is to be done for every test as follows, just for example,
If started then W & G – ANT -20 – untitled.
Auto, Time, Edit, Interface, Laser, Channel,
Application – Instrument- Measurement- Configuration- Help.
Hints:-
1. To monitor the BER, select PERF and Performance Parameters on table.
2. For O/P jitter, I/P jitter tolerance select, jitter (JIT) Generator and Analyzer
3. For mapping and various type of signal click on
4. Offset change can be done in signal structure only
5. Select performance Analysis- Hierarchy setting, menu, View.
6. For BER- Anomaly/Defect Analyzer- View- Graph/ TableÆ Select tableÆ numberÆ
TSE –Reading of BER displayed.
7. For O/P Jitter and I/P Jitter tolerance, see procedure in STM-1 & 4
8. Alarms: - There are many LEDs on LHS of ANT-20 but some important alarms are as
follows:-
LHS side LEDs shows History and RHS side LEDs shows current alarms.
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1-3.3 OFC: - General
The best of all and most stable media is OFC. Optical fibre cables have
brought a revolution in the history of DOT and BSNL. If you look in to the past of DOT,
Our systems were working on Overhead lines, Co-axial cables and M/W systems.
Overhead line was very old media and was frequently interrupted so communication was
always remaining unreliable, Co-axial cable systems were having many repeaters with
limited bandwidth , during cable fault restoration was time consuming and it was prone
to lightning faults also , so maintenance of long route was a very cumbersome job. In
Microwave systems, due to the path loss, fading effect, rain attenuation and antenna
de-orientation, Receive level was not always stable, so effect was, calls were getting
disturbed, data was getting corrupted. When OFC media was introduced in BSNL
systems are most steady, reliable provided that OF cable is laid at proper depth and
proper protection is provided. Therefore in OFC systems all types of benefits are
derived and our transmission network has become most reliable with larger bandwidth
on demand which no other media was able to support. The OFC media is free from any
Electromagnetic induction.
1. Depth A/T
2. Cable A/T
3. Local A/T of system
4. Through A/T of system and
5. Stability
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1-3.4 Some important abbreviations of SDH systems
Sr.no Abbre. Full forms
1 AC-1 Add/Drop Cross connections of first order
2 AC-4 Add/Drop Cross connections of fourth order
3 ADM Add & Drop Multiplexer
4 ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown
5 ALR Automatic Laser Restart
6 AUG Auxiliary Unit Groups
7 BER Bit Error Rate
8 CMCC Control Management & Communication Controller
9 DCC Data Communication Channel
10 DDF Digital Distribution Frame
11 ECC Embedded Communication Channel
12 EOW Engineering Order Wire
13 FDF Fibre Distribution Frame
14 HDB-3 High Density Bipolar-3
15 L11 Line Interconnect Module
16 LOF Loss Of Frame
17 LOS Loss Of Signal
18 MS Multiplex Section
19 MS-SP Ring Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring
20 MSP Multiplex Section Path Protection
21 NSAP Network Service Access Point
22 PS Power Supply
23 PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
24 RCF Rack Interconnection Field
25 R11 Ring Interconnect Module
26 SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
27 STM Synchronous Transport Module
28 SDXC Synchronous Digital Cross Connect
29 SEC Synchronous Equipment Clock
30 SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection
31 SIM Section Interface Module
32 SPIM Synchronous Path Interface Module
33 TM Terminal Multiplexer
34 TEX Tributary Extension Module
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1-3.5 A/T of Infrastructure:-
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22
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- If it is TM card then only one port but if it is ADM card check trans
power of both the ports. Limit pl see table.
4. Receiver sensitivity / Dynamic range:-
OLT
Optical Variable attenuator
Patch card
DDF
1
DTA SET 2
R
3
4
1
EC
SES 2
T
3
R
TT 4
Fig. 1-11
75-120
Make set up as above in Fig. 1-11. In variable attenuator keep minimum10dB attenuation
and observe loop on DTA .If loop not getting check all the connections and also clean
port and patch cords by applying fibre cleaner. If loop is ok then increase attenuation up
to 35 dB for STM-1 then gradually increase just to notice single Error (EC=1) on DTA
display, stop to increase the attenuation, now remove Rx cord from attenuator and
connect power meters to Rx port of attenuator by patch cord. Read power meter which
shows the exact receiver sensitivity of that port. Reconnect the removed patch cord to
variable attenuator. Please see table for Rx sensitivity Limits of STM 1,4,16 and if it is
not within limit then replace card. Now increase attenuation further so as to get the
minor, major, degraded signal, excessive error etc. alarm and at last LOS (loss of signal).
This alarm can be monitored in craft terminal in Fault- Current problem list by
continuous clicking ‘Refresh’. After LOS, go back towards loop condition on variable
attenuator and proceed towards higher attenuation side at maximum level say-2dBm,
system again shows no error, again remove patch card and connect power meter as above
and get maximum level at which OLT shows no error.
2442
(Normally there is no error at 0 dBm in Fibcom/ ITI systems.)
The difference between minimum to maximum level is a dynamic range of the system,
which is always better than 27 dB.
N.B. - Don’t move attenuator so fast, reach to 2dB less than the prescribed sensitivity
limit and then move gradually so as to get correct reading of single error.
- If it is ADM card, carry out this test for both ports.
5) Laser Bias Current: - Note down Laser Bias Current from Craft Terminal in
Performance Monitoring. E.g. 81.9 %.
7) BER Test on 2Mb Electrical interface:- In the above setting of meter keep some
Attenuation say 30 dB so as to get loop OK. First of all check all 63 Trbs on DDF for
continuity, just to check the cable from system to DDF. Select one tributary from each
TEX Card e.g. Trb1 slot 15 , Trb 22 slot 21 and Trb 43 slot 9 in a sub rack, and Monitor
BER for 5 minutes each for 0, +50 & -50 PPM . Total time for the BER Test would be
45 minutes. The Result should be 0.00 E-9 i.e. No Error.
8) Combined Jitter: - It is the combination of Mapping jitter and Pointer jitter. Mapping
of signals to be carried out by synchronous structure and pointer adjustment, both
suffered in generation of SDH. Mapping jitter is always present in low or high grade in
synchronous signals, so when pointer movement occurs this jitter is added to pointer
jitter.
Method: - On the above same set up of BER Test, Open O/P Jitter on Anritsu DTA Set
Select filters as HP1 and HP2 and change offset as +50 & -50 PPM. Note down the
readings for HP1-LP and HP2-LP filters as follows: - for example,
HP1 HP2
+ 50 PPM 0.069 0.024
- 50 PPM 0.075 0.027
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In ANT-20 E: - Open jitter –AM off-select HP1-LP (20 Hz – 100 KHz) and
HP2 -LP (18 KHz – 100 KHz) read current
value of jitter peak –peak .Repeat for both offset and Trb 1, 22, 43.
Limit:- HP1-LP :- ≤ 0.4 UIpp HP2-LP :- ≤ 0.075 UIpp
9) Alarms:- The following alarms can be created and monitored on alarm module LEDs
also go in craft terminal and open –fault-current problem list-continuous clicking on
Refresh.
Single Error at a level of - 41 dBm Minor Please Note, Levels are written
Excessive Error ---“------- - 42 dBm Minor for only reference, need not to
Degraded Minute---“----- - 43 dBm Minor write in schedule, only monitor.
Loss of signal ----“------- - 45 dBm Major
THROUGH A/T:-
Now before proceeding for through A/T, get all the pending points
of local A/T be cleared. If it is a SDH Ring then confirm whether OF Cable A/T and
depth A/T in all hops had been Completed in the past or not ? If in any hop cable A/T is
pending then ask installer to offer for cable A/T. After completion of cable A/T then start
through A/T.
1] Receive Power: - Note down no of Tx and Rx fibre, Route length, cable distance
.Here optical length is important i.e. OTDR distance, so as to calculate fibre loss.
Connect power meter to Rx fibre on line side as below Fig. 1-12
-15.20 -15.70
a) Both Transmitter and Receiver at one station. Then take loop from other station.
. Make Meter connection as above. Loop getting OK. Anritsu Set – Press frequency on
Jitter modulator and take 20 Hz press amplitude and move the wheel to increase
amplitude up to such a point that single error starts in DTA receiver, carry out in the same
way for 93Hz, 700Hz and 100 KHz, and Tabulate the reading. Repeat test for other Trbs
22 and 43, this test is taken on loop.
b) Jitter modulator and transmitter at one station and receiver available at other station.
. Then send jitter on Trans at station A and ask station B to receive and listen the single
Error Buzzer at station B through order wire or ask counter part, this is jitter point for 20
Hz. Repeat test for remaining frequencies.
Tabulate these readings which were taken for 0 PPM and repeat for +50 and -50 PPM.
With ANT-20E:- Take loop from station -B. Connect ANT-20E, Tx and Rx to DDF as
shown in the following diagram and proceed as follows :-
Open jitter / MTJ-Setting (scan frequency) -select frequencies in a table 20, 93, 700
HZ and 100 KHz -O.K. – Start-Running. Scanning starts and after 5 minutes tolerable
jitter values in UIPP are displayed on screen under Max Tolerance jitters. For this click
view – table or diagram- table- for jitter mask click diagram. Repeat test for 0, +50 and
-50 PPM and trb no.s 22 & 43 .For limits Pl see table.
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For BER Test following Offsets are recommended:-
2 Mb (2.048) ± 50 PPM
8 Mb (8.448) ± 30 PPM
34 Mb (34.368) ± 20 PPM
140 Mb (139.264) ± 15 PPM
155 Mb (155.520) ± 20 PPM
5) AIS Frequency :- (All ones) Remove trans cord from DTA Transmitter or ask
distance station to remove 2 Mb data if fed. Connect frequency counter to Rx and
measure AIS frequency on all the three trbs. .Limit:- ± 50 PPM. (± 102 Hz)
6) Check of Order Wire:- Make a selective call i.e. by dialing the assigned O/W no
which is in 5 digits as 01122 of any station and check for Ring and Speech , carry on
OW test from both stations. Make a Omnibus call by pressing ***, all station should
response, verify speech and signaling.
Speech: - OK/NOT OK
Signal: - OK/NOT OK
Frequency allocation for various order wires and Supervisory,
A) Omnibus O/W 0.3 to 3.4 KHz
B) Express O/W 8.3 to 11.4 KHz
C) Supervisory and control 4.0 to 8.0 KHz
D) Service Channel Switching 12 to 16 KHz or 37 to 55 KHz
E) Calling Method loud speaker calling.
O/W also to be checked when BER is more than 0.00 E-3. Create this condition by
attenuating receive path by variable attenuator and verify O/W in this critical condition
for both speech and ring.
7) Check of synchronization :- The clock should be synchronized in NE management
system so as to interpret the correct sequence of a chain of events, it is necessary to
accurately control the rate at which digital signal are transmitted through out the network
and it is achieved by synchronizing the clock controlling switches. Measure Trb clock
(internal), External clock (either from SSU or from any other system 2 Mbps), In Hold
over mode if fibre disconnected, system goes to HO mode for 24 hrs, remove top priority
assigned for external clock and select DO NOT USE, as existing ref is lost, sync 1
switches to HOLD OVER mode and system works without any error. Ext.clock :- For
this test external clock is to be connected at SYNC IN in sub rack connection field- in
master node assign Top priority- Ask dist station to loop one tributary- Feed 2 Mb data
and observe loop in No error condition . Measure this external clock .Trb clock:- select
T1,T2,T3 input ref source with top priority and observe system works without error.
Limit: - 2048 kb/s ± 50 PPM Trb clock or, 2.048 MHz ± 4.6 PPM Ext clock.
8) Check of protection switching: - In STM-1 Fibcom system protection switching can
be configured in cross connection in configuration of craft terminal .There are three types
of protections. 1. EPS – Equipment protection switching, standby cards/ trbs are provided
(1+1) configuration. 2. APS –Automatic Protection Switching, extra OLT cards provided
with spare fibre.
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Monitor loop in ok condition and if path is disconnected then after fraction of second of
AIS loop is getting ok i.e. traffic is shifted. 3. PPS - Path protection switching which is
operated in Ring / Mesh network, where alternate route is provided for switch over the
data in case of route failure. Here in FIBCOM Path protection can be configured in craft
terminal on port 1 and port 2. Take a loop in one direction and disconnect Rx fibre in
same direction, data should hold on switch over path.
Record time of AIS restore also. Carry out this test in any hop and confirm activation of
protection switching.
9) Performance Monitoring on craft terminal:-
Open Performance – Performance .monitoring – monitor points -select VC4 – port 1 –
select parameters like Trans power, Receive power, LD bias current – view data, all
relevant readings are displayed. Same may be monitored for second port also. Error
performance can be monitored for a required period in the same file.
10) Configuration management: - The craft terminal facilitates local and remote NE
configuration for all station in linear/ Ring network. Connect PC or laptop to F interfaces
with a single RS – 232 cables and a pole female plug. Double click Focus NM 2100-AC
1- as a NE type –check NE address NSAP Network service access point- which is say for
example 49000100a082f0112201 in which 490001 is a area code,00a082 unique for
Tellabs equipment and fo1122 assigned for specific equipment 01 for all Tellabs
equipment assigned no – version 4.8 ,Network ID ,Rack id, Administration, fault etc can
be checked on craft terminal also equipment actual/expected ,port allocation, monitoring
of optical port, alarms monitor / non monitor, alarm log, cross connection ,protection ,
current problem list NE reset ,local and remote loop back etc
.
11) Local and remote loop back: - Configuration –termination point –select port for
example 2 Mb/s 01 – click line for local loop back or terminal for remote loop back –
yes –check on DTA set loop getting ok or not.
12) Alarms :- Simulate alarm condition at distance station and observe on craft
terminal as well as on system module, like AIS, LOF, LOS, payload mismatch, degraded
signal, path unequipped, major and minor. Some alarms may be critical or major or
minor.
13)e.g. degraded signal- major. Path unequipped- critical , loss of reference source- major
, payload mismatch - critical, AIS-minor, LOF and LOS- critical, Loss of pointer –
critical, Rack Top alarms A,B, R.( Warning , major, minor )
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Limit: - At 64 Kb/s - ES – 0.018 % for 280 Km
SES - 0.00023 %
DM – 0.023 %
The stability is taken on 2 Mb port as it can not be taken at 64 Kb/s, result is to be
normalized to 64 Kbps. DM & SES which are in blocks need not to be corrected, but ES
to be normalized.
0.018 x 32 = 0.576 % is limit for ES up to the system distance of 280 Km.
N.B.:- For example one stability report is attached herewith.
9] If stability is taken on other bit rate then to normalize the result to 64Kbps
Divide result by N, Where N = 1 for 64 kb/s, = 32 for 2 Mb, = 132 for 8 Mb, = 537 for
34 Mb, = 2176 for 140 Mb and = 2430 for 155 Mb
11] High grade system – Above level TAXS (D/M/W, CXL, OFC)
Medium grade system – level 1 TAX and local Exchange
(D/M/W, OFC, Cable PCM &UHF)
Local grade – Between local Exchange and subscriber,
(D/MARR, D/Sub, VHF and PCM)
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1-3.11 Stability Important Terms:-
Error :- 0 & 1 transmitted from one end should be detected as 0 &1 only at the
other end ,when 0&1 are not detected exactly at receiver end , it is an Error due to which
communication gets affected.
BER: - It is the measure of Transmission quality.It is the ratio of bit errors to the
no of total bits received in one second, or the no.s of false bits to the total no of bits in a
second in digital data stream. Called BER. It is generally shown as a negative exponent,
e.g. 10 -7 which means
1 bit out of 10,000,000 bits is errored. Please note 1x 10 -6 is better than 1x10 -5.
10
e.g. EC = 10 in 5 seconds at 2.048 Mb then BER = --------------------- = 0.00097x 10 -6
2048 x 5 x 10 6
23 259x 10 -8
EC = 23 in 43200 seconds, BER = ------------------ = ------------ = 2.59 x 10 -10
2048x 43200x10 6 10 4
% ES: - It is a period of one second in which at least one error is detected or any
second which contain an error. ES is indicative of background errors.
S (errored) e.g. 18 errors in 12 hours then, 18x 100
% ES = ----------------- x 100 % ES = -------- = 0.0416
S (available) 43200
AS – ES TS - AS
% EFS = 100 - % ES = ------------------ % AS = ---------------
AS TS
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1-4 STM-4
1-4.1 General:-
The various STM-4 systems are as follows:-
1) ITI / Fibcom
2) Tejas / ITI and
3) Siemens
The Tejas sub rack comprises of ADM cards having two optical ports, in two slots
5 and 10. There are many versions of the sub rack i.e. with/without STM-1 Electrical /
Optical ports and Ethernet ports.
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1-4.3 Through A/T of STM-4 System.
Through A/T should be conducted in both directions:-
1. - Measure Receive power in both directions on fibre side of FDF i.e. before
attenuator and measure after attenuator (If provided for shorter distance).
- Compare reading for limit as 0.30 dB/Km. If not, write the (Maximum
Rec level should be -25 dBm) deviation to the installer.
- Note down Trans and Receive fibre no. which are worked out for both
directions, along with distances.
2. BER Test: - Ask 2 Mb loop from other station i.e. in AÆ B direction. Check all
63 Trbs dropped, for continuity and BER on one Trb per card for 0, ±50 PPM
and monitor for 5 Min each.
3. STM-1 Optical port: - Take loop from distance station on this port and test it on
ANT-20E for BER 0, ± 20 PPM for 5 minutes each.
4. O/P jitter: - Make a set up of ANT-20 get loop of one Trb,
Mapping- Jitter- AM OFF-Select filter HP1- LP and HP2-LP filler.
Note down jitter reading for Trb 1, 22, 43 out of 63 Trbs.
Limit: - Please see the table.
5. I/P Jitter tolerance: - On a loop from other station, open. Jitter generator and
anomaly detector, MTJ- set- MTJ setting (Scan frequency)
- Select required frequency i.e. 20Hz, 93Hz, 700Hz and 100 KHz- O.K-
Start, observe running then scanning of jitter.
- Note down jitter values under maximum tolerance UI in table, for table
click view- diagram shows you jitter mask.
- Limit: - Please see table
- Repeat test for 0, ±50 PPM for Trb 1, 22, 43 or whatever dropped at a
Station.
6. STM-1 optical port: - Carry out BER O/P Jitter and I/P jitter tolerance test as
mentioned above by mapping AN-20E. Frequency for I/P jitter tolerance: -
500 Hz, 6.5 KHz, 65 KHz and 1300 KHz
Limit: - Please see table.
7. AIS frequency: - Ask distant station to remove loop and measure AIS frequency
On Rx which should be 2.048 MHz ± 102 Hz.
8. O/W check: - check O/W for ring and speech by dialing assigned no.s of the
stations, also check for speech when BER goes to 10-3, by inserting pad in Rx
path.
9. Remote loop back: - Connect ANT-20 on any one Trbs for loop. Land on distant
station on laptop by IP address- go to node –nml- operation,facility,Terminal –
select Terminal-OK- view- mtce- PDH loop back, put maintenance E1-1-2-1.
Select Trb Select terminal and O.K you will get loop on Trb.
LP back mode- NML operation (disconnected) failure LP back
10. Protection Switching: - MS path protection :- Take a loop from any station in
the ring and observe loop is O.K Remove Rx fibre at the station of slot 10, again
see whether loop is disconnected or still exist, loop should remain exists. Take
disconnection from other station and monitor loop and confirm protection
switching takes place or not?
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11. Synchronization test :- Measure 2 Mb clock at clock O/P 1 or 2 port ( 9 pin
connector ) in ADM sub rack, provided it is extracted from any other Ring or
system and connected in clock I/P 1 or 2 . Limit: - 2048 KHz ± 4.6 PPM.
Check that the system should work on hold over mode. Remove external clock,
system should go to hold over mode.
Check Trb clock Limit: - 2048 Kb /s ± 50 PPM.
12. Craft terminal: - There is no craft terminal monitoring of Trans and Receive
powers in Siemen’s and Tejas system. This monitoring is available in ITI/Fibcom only.
Check following parameters for each ADM and REG in Ring network.
1) Performance monitoring ,
2) Configuration management,
3) Alarm monitoring for Local and Remote, create alarms at distant station
and monitor on craft terminal.
Note: - All these through A/T test to carry out for other directions or between the
station where Trbs are dropped.
.
13. Stability test: - Configure software loop of one Trb to other so that whole ring
route should come in to the picture.
- Arrange physical loop on any 2 Mb trb, check loop and
Disconnection OK.
- Set DTA set for 48 Hours and start stability.
14. Compare the results with stability parameters (Please see the table 8.2.)
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- Demand for a trunking diagram of the Ring and No. of ADM’s REG information.
- Verify all ADM’s and REG’s for their correct ID.
- Configure how many 2Mb trbs, 140 Mb, and 155.52 optical ports and where they
are dropped as per T.T.O
- Get fiber allocation in each station and their in availability of fibre and some no.s
are worked out or not?
- Take all ADM/REG station approved equipment room layout diagrams.
- Confirm capacity and adequacy of power plant, E/A and battery, note down the
load of each ADM/REG at that station
- Check air condition availability and room temperature.
Infrastructure A/T please see STM-1 and STM-4, all parts are to be checked. Note down
all information as mentioned at the top of the test schedule.
1. Voltage drop: -Measure voltage at battery O/P and Bay I/P and the difference of two
readings is voltage drop. Limit: - 1.0 V. and I/P-40 to -60 V; Nominal -48 V
O/P voltages: - Measure O/P voltages on PSU card +5.0 V and -5.2 V.
Limit ± 0.25 (+4.75 to +5.25) and ± 0.26 V (- 4.94 to – 5.46)
Check proper MCB / Fuse rating. .
2. Trans power: - Connect craft terminal to CMCC card by RS -232 cable. Log in NM
2100 AC-4 version.
- Connect power meter to port 1 with a FCPC patch cord and measure the trans power of
port-1 Limit +1 to -4 dBm. Click- ALS-Disable, Power should go off. Same Procedure
adapt for port no. 6. If power is not within limit, Clean optical parts of SIM 1 & 6, also
clean patch cord and power meters adaptor and get trans power of each port within limit,
if not replace SIM card.
- Insert optical attenuator between trans and receive fibre of the system
- Connect one 140 Mb on one 155-52 Mb to port 1 of SIM Module.
- Map the SDH structure on ANT-20 in Signal structure as below.
- Tx optical STM-16- AU4-VC4-140 Mb-framed- PRBS-23-Tx = Rx.
- Observe Mapping on display as below Fig. 1-21
STM-16
AU-4
Optical
Fig. 1-21
3. Connect ANT-20 to sub rack 155 Mb optical or 140 electrical port and observe loop
getting OK.
- If it is not getting OK then Check all patch cords, 2 Mb cords, Clean and reconnect,
check mapping also and get loop O.K..
- Now increase attention up to the point where signal error maintained for a BER
of 1 X E-10
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- Remove Rx cord of attenuator and get actual level from where error starts.
It should be ≤ -28 dBm.
- Reconnect attenuator and move to higher side but don’t cross overload point, So
as to avoid damage of SIM card, and get single error.
- Difference between higher and lower power will show the dynamic range which
should be better than 20 dB.
- Repeat same test for port-6, and note down all results.
1. Check of Laser Safety, Manual restart, automatic Laser shutdown and automatic
Laser restart; carry out as mentioned in STM-1 system.
2. Measurement of BER on Several ports of Sub rack i.e. STM-!/ 140 Mb
With the same set as above test BER on PDH 140 Mb ports and SDH STM-1
ports
For 5-5 minutes for different offsets as below and on both ports 1 and 6. Total 16
Electrical ports should be checked in random.
140 Mb/S electrical ± 15 PPM
155 Mb/S Optical ± 20PPM
Limit: - 0.00E -12
3. Combined jitter on 2Mb Electrical port
- Get 2 Mb loop O.K after proper configuration and signal structure mapping
- Open jitter generation and analyzer
- Check AM OFF and
- Select HP1+ LP and HP1+ LP filler as 20 Hz + 100 KHz and 18 KHz+ 100 KHz
- Select +50 PPM offset
- Note down both readings for +50 PPM then change -50 PPM and repeat reading
for-50 PPM.
- Limit:- as mentioned in table
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9. 1-5.3 Local A/T and Through A/T of STM-16 REG:-
- Check of Power supply, Voltage drop and all other relevant information are to be
filled up.
- Check Trans power of both ports and Limits :- +1 to -4 dBm
- Check of receiver sensitivity and dynamic range.
- Make a test set up as shown in Fig. 1-23.
- Insert, SPIM, CMCC of ADM and SYNC Card.
- In REG there is no Spim and SYNC Card.
- Make Mapping in signal structure for STM-16 optical and monitor loop.
- Increase attenuation and observe single error in performance.
- Limit is ≤ -28 dBm.
- In same manner go to higher side to check overload but don’t go beyond -9.0
dBm.
- Difference between two readings is dynamic range.
- Monitor alarms, Minor, Major, Critical and Warning.
11. O/W: - Check O/W in both directions for speech and ring. Note down O/W No.
- Note down performance monitoring reading of craft terminal for Trans power,
Receive power and laser Bias current.
- Test all alarms local/ remote.
- Note down Receive power in performance monitoring of Craft terminal also for a
reference in view data and refresh.
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1-5.4 Through A/T of ADM-16
Fig. 1-24
Ask distant station to send 2 Mb data 0PPM, Receive and monitor for 5 minutes each and
for ± 50 PPM also.
- Limit: - No error i.e. 00.E-9
- Test all 63 Trbs for continuity by taking loop on each Trbs from distant station.
5. AIS frequency:- Ask distant station to remove data/loop and measure 2 Mb at Rx
Port. Limit ± 50 PPM
6. O/P Jitter Measurement: -
- Ask distant station 140/155 Mb data or loop and receive.
- Select HP1 + LP and HP2 + LP fillers as per given in the table.
- Note down both peak-peak reading in UIPP on all ports.
- Carry out same test on 2 Mb selected 1, 22, and 43 no. Trbs out of 63 Trbs and
note down UIPP reading for both filters.
7. I/P Jitter tolerance
- Either on loop from distant station or 140 Mb data from distant station.
- Select jitter frequencies 200 Hz, 500 Hz, 10 KHz and 3.5 MHz in ANT-20 as
jitter- Set- Frequency table- select above frequency- O.K- table with selected
frequency - Start- running- after say 5 minutes jitter values will be displayed.
In same fashion, map 155.52 Mb and 2 Mb, Select corresponding frequencies and
get me /P Jitter tolerance reading and note down.
Limit: - 200- 500 Hz ≥1.5 UIPP
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10 KHz- 3.5 MHz ≥ 0.075 UIPP
If jitter frequencies are sending from the distant station, ask him to increase amplitudes so
as to observe single error at your end, note down the reading, repeat procedure for all
other frequencies and tributaries.
For 155 MB I/P jitter frequencies are: - and for 2 Mb
500 Hz 20 Hz
6500 Hz 93 Hz
650000 Hz 700 Hz
1300000 Hz 100 KHz
8. O/W check: -
Selective calling: - After lifting the O/W handset listen dial tone and dial five digit O/W
no. of distant station, verify for ring back tone, speech quality. Ask distant station to call
and observe ring speech.
Omnibus calling: - Press xxx and all station should respond on your calling.
Check O/W for BER 1 X 10-3: -
This condition simulate by inserting attenuator in receive fibre, and test O/W response for
speech and ring.
9. Check of synchronization: -
External clock: - Connect external clock from SSU from 2.048 Kbps at SYNC ‘IN’ port
in SCF and assign top priority to external clock at master station, or otherwise node is
synchronized with the clock extracted from tributary. First measure external clock from
SSU which should be 2.048 Kbps ± 4.6 PPM
Now ask distant station to loop 2 Mb Tributary feed 2 Mb data and receive loop back in
DTA. There should not be any error on displace.
- Tributary clock: - Check that the system is working without any error whenT1, T2
or T3 Input reference source with top priority is selected.
- Holdover Mode: -
a. There is no synchronization reference clock
b. Remove top priority assigned to external clock by, ‘ DO NOT USE’ (DNU)
c. When reference is lost, SYNC- 1 shifted on switches to ‘HOLD OVER’ Mode,
and in this condition system should work without error.
d. This situation can be verified by taking loop on 2 Mb and monitor it for no error.
10. Protection switching:- There are two types of protection as 1. Linear 2. Ring
Linear protection is provided when two separate OF cable paths are made
available between one ADM section.
- In STM-16 MS Sp Ring protection is adapted. i.e. [Multiplex section protection
Ring]. It is of two types. 1. 2F Unidirectional Self Healing Ring ( USHR), 2.
2F/4F Bidirectional i.e. BSHR. MS SP RING: - Multiplex section shared
protection Ring or BSLR (Bidirectional Line switched Ring) It is a protection
Scheme in which the total capacity in a multiplex section is divided equally in to
working and protection traffic.
- The protection is provided when: - Signal failure, Signal degradation, User
initiated request
- Bidirectional: - Both the head end and network element receiver tail end
networks element receiver switches to the alternative receiver on receiving an
alarm. Check Protection by simulating the conditions at each ADM, card
protection is a licensed feature.
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- Protection mode unidirectional: - Only the head and network element‘s Receiver
switches to the alternate receiver on receiving alarm.
12. Stability test: - As mentioned in STM-1, Put on stability on 2Mb port so that whole
ring should come into the picture. Stability period is 48 Hrs and so large network, total
hop distance or if it is a National ring then all precautions are to be taken, with
intimations to all concerned OFC station In-charge, So that it should not be disturbed, nor
fail.
Many times it is observed that stability fails due to following reasons: -
a. Break in inverter supply.
b. Disturbed power supply.
c. Tubes and lights are frequently ON/OFF.
After 48 Hrs are over compare the results with stability parameters.
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1-5.5 O/P Jitter & Stability parameters as per G.921: -
% ES : - 0.018
% SES : - 0.00023
% DM : - 0.023
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