MEC 554 THERMOFLUIDS LAB: PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS

2015

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

Program : Bachelor Of Engineering ( Hons ) Mechanical

Kursus : Thermalfluids lab
Kod Kursus : MEC 554
Pensyarah : ENCIK MOHD AZHARI B MOHD RODZI

Laboratory Report

Title

PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS

No Names UiTM No. Signature

1. ‘Usmar Aiman Bin Azhar 2013490144

2. Ahmad Naquiyuddin Bin Rasid 2013802598
3. Ahmad Almizan Bin Che Omar 2013254614
4. Aimi bin Ezani 2013212512

Ahmad Haniff ilmuddin Bin Mohd

5. 2013274648
Nawi

Sessi Amali : Pengesahan Staf :

(Tarikh) (T. Tangan)

Penyerahan Laporan : Pengesahan Staf :

(Tarikh) (T. Tangan)

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 MEC 554 THERMOFLUIDS LAB: PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS
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Contents
Table of Figures .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Pump ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Centrifugal pump .................................................................................................................. 4
2.0 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................. 5
3.0 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .......................................................................................... 5
4.0 PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 APPARATUS ....................................................................................................................... 7
......................................................................................................................................................... 7
......................................................................................................................................................... 7
......................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE ....................................................................................... 8
4.2.1 Preliminaries .................................................................................................................. 8
4.2.2 Actual Experiment ......................................................................................................... 8
5.0 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 DATA TABULATION AND RESULT ANALYSIS .......................................................... 9
5.1.1 TEST 1 ........................................................................................................................... 9
5.1.2 TEST 2 ......................................................................................................................... 10
5.1.3 TEST 3 ......................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 SAMPLE CALCULATION ............................................................................................... 12
6.0 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 13
7.0 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 14
8.0 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 15

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 MEC 554 THERMOFLUIDS LAB: PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS
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Table of Figures
Figure 1 : Basic element of centrifugal Pump ................................................................................ 4
Figure 2 : cross section of Centrifugal pump .................................................................................. 5
Figure 3 : Experimental arrangement for pump performance characteristic. ................................. 6
Figure 4 : Water-flow bench and centrifugal pump ........................................................................ 7
Figure 5 : The instrumental panel ................................................................................................... 7
Figure 6 : “ V ” notch weir.............................................................................................................. 7
Figure 7 : Graph of Efficiency (%) , Head pump(m), Brake Horsepower(kW) vs Volume Flow
Rate(m3/s) for Test 1 ....................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 8 : Graph of Efficiency (%) , Head pump(m), Brake Horsepower(kW) vs Volume Flow
Rate(m3/s) for Test 2 ..................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 9 : Graph of Efficiency (%) , Head pump(m), Brake Horsepower(kW) vs Volume Flow
Rate(m3/s) for Test 3 ..................................................................................................................... 11

Table 1 : Data for test 1................................................................................................................... 9

Table 2 : Data For test 2 ................................................................................................................ 10
Table 3 : Data for test 3................................................................................................................. 11

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2015

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Pump

A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries. A pump moves liquids or gases from lower
pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to the system (such as a
water system). A gas pump is generally called a compressor, except in very low pressure-rise applications, such as
in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning, where the operative equipment consists of fans or blowers.

1.2 Centrifugal pump

A centrifugal pump is a rot dynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the
velocity of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping
system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated
by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits
into the downstream piping system. Centrifugal pumps are used for large discharge through
smaller heads.

Figure 1 : Basic element of centrifugal Pump

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 MEC 554 THERMOFLUIDS LAB: PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS
2015

2.0 OBJECTIVE

To obtain performance characteristics for a variable speed centrifugal pump operating at 3

different impeller speeds. Performance characteristics of pump:

- Pressure (head) jump

- Power requirement
- Flow rate influence
- Pump speed influence

3.0 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

The centrifugal pump has two main components: an impeller attached to a rotating shaft and a
stationary casing or housing enclosing the impeller. The basic elements of centrifugal pump are
shown below.

Figure 2 : cross section of Centrifugal pump

Energy is added to the fluid by the rotating blades and both pressure and absolute
velocity are increased as the fluid flows from the eye to periphery of into the blades. The kinetic
energy is converted into further increase in pressure as the fluid flows from the impeller into the
casing enclosing the impeller.
Due to the general complexity of flow through a centrifugal pump, the actual
performance of the pump cannot be predicted on a completely theoretical basis. Actual pump
performance is determined experimentally through tests on the pump and the results are
presented as pump performances curves.

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2015

Consider the experimental arrangement for determining the head rise gained by the fluid
flowing through a pump, as shown in figure 3 below.

Figure 3 : Experimental arrangement for pump performance characteristic.

The pump head rise can be calculated by using the energy equation

h2 = (p2 – p1) / ρg + (z2 –z1) + (V22 – V12 ) / 2g

The differences in elevation and velocities (between inlet and outlet) are so small so that

hp = (p2 – p1) / ρg
The power, Pf gained by the fluid is given by the equation

Pf = ρgQhp
The pump overall efficiency, η is the ratio of power actually gained by the fluid to the shaft
power supplied Wshaft as given by the equation

η= Pf / Wshaft
Where the Wshaft is the shaft power, is the product of Torque applied to the shaft and the angular
velocity ω.

Wshaft = Tshaft ω
Where
2𝜋𝑁
ω= 60

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2015

4.0 PROCEDURE

4.1 APPARATUS

Figure 4 : Water-flow bench and centrifugal pump

Figure 5 : The instrumental panel

Figure 6 : “ V ” notch weir

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4.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

4.2.1 Preliminaries

i) Students had been adequately supervised.

ii) The discharge and suction valves was turned to fully open and the motor speed
control was set to zero.
iii) The electrical supply and motor drive were switched on. The motor control knob
slowly adjusted to around half way position. The system was ensured free from
leaking. The motor speed was reduced back to zero.

4.2.2 Actual Experiment

i) The suction valve was opened and the discharge valve was closed. The maximum
pump speed N1 by adjusting speed control to 100%.
ii) Discharge valve was fully opened and the water was allowed to circulate. The volume
of flow was indicated and the suitable increment in flow was decided.
iii) The discharge valve was closed. The reading was taken when all measurements were
steady.
iv) The discharge valve was slightly opened, to give the first increment in volume flow.
v) Step iv) was repeated. The final measurements corresponding to the valve being fully
opened.
vi) The entire experiment at pump speed was repeated correspond to speed control
position of 75% and 50%.

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5.0 DATA ANALYSIS

5.1 DATA TABULATION AND RESULT ANALYSIS
5.1.1 TEST 1

PUMP SPEED, N = 1439 rpm

𝜔= 150.69 rad/s
Table 1 : Data for test 1

INPUT OUTPUT
Volume Flow Discharge
water Shaft Power Inlet Pressure,𝑝1 water output Efficiency
Torque, T Rate Pressure,𝑝2
height, head,h power,
(Nm) Hp
mm kW l/min m3/s Mh2o N/m2 psi N/m2 (m)(100%) Watt
(100%)
0 0.6 0.09 0.12 0 0.0000 0.2 1961.33 8.5 58605.46 5.77 0.00 0.00
50 1 0.15 0.20 50 0.0008 0.1 980.67 8 55158.08 5.52 45.15 29.96
61 1.1 0.17 0.22 80 0.0013 0 0.00 7 48263.32 4.92 64.35 38.82
65 1.2 0.18 0.24 90 0.0015 -0.1 -980.67 6 41368.56 4.32 63.52 35.13
69 1.3 0.20 0.26 105 0.0018 -0.2 -1961.33 5 34473.80 3.71 63.76 32.55
73 1.4 0.21 0.28 125 0.0021 -0.4 -3922.66 4 27579.04 3.21 65.63 31.11
75 1.4 0.21 0.28 130 0.0022 -0.5 -4903.33 3 20684.28 2.61 55.44 26.28
77 1.4 0.21 0.28 140 0.0023 -0.7 -6864.66 2 13789.52 2.11 48.19 22.84

TEST 1
50.00
Efficiency(%) , Head pump(m),
Brake Horsepower(kW)

40.00

30.00
Efficiency
20.00
Head pump
10.00 Brake Horsepower
0.00
0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025
volume flow rate,(m3/s)

Figure 7 : Graph of Efficiency (%) , Head pump(m), Brake Horsepower(kW) vs Volume Flow Rate(m3/s) for Test 1

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 MEC 554 THERMOFLUIDS LAB: PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS
2015

5.1.2 TEST 2

PUMP SPEED, N = 2178 rpm

𝜔= 228.08 rad/s

Table 2 : Data For test 2

INPUT OUTPUT Efficiency

water Torque, T Shaft Power Volume Flow Inlet Pressure,𝑝1 Discharge water output
height, (Nm) Rate Pressure,𝑝2 head,h power,
mm kW Hp l/min m3/s Mh2o N/m2 psi N/m2 (m)(100%) Watt
(100%)
0 1.1 0.25 0.34 0 0.0000 0.1 980.67 20 137895.20 13.96 0.00 0.00
66 2.1 0.48 0.64 95 0.0016 0 0.00 18 124105.68 12.65 196.50 41.03
73 2.4 0.55 0.73 125 0.0021 -0.2 -1961.33 16 110316.16 11.45 233.91 42.73
78 2.6 0.59 0.80 145 0.0024 -0.7 -6864.66 14 96526.64 10.54 249.86 42.13
81 2.7 0.62 0.83 160 0.0027 -1 -9806.65 12 82737.12 9.43 246.78 40.07
-
84 2.8 0.64 0.86 175 0.0029 -1.2 11767.98 10 68947.60 8.23 235.42 36.86
-
87 2.9 0.66 0.89 190 0.0032 -1.4 13729.31 8 55158.08 7.02 218.14 32.98
-
89 3 0.68 0.92 200 0.0033 -1.7 16671.31 6 41368.56 5.92 193.47 28.27

TEST 2
50.00
Efficiency(%) , Head pump(m), Brake

45.00
40.00
35.00
Horsepower(kW)

30.00
25.00 efficiency
20.00 Head pump
15.00
Brake Horsepower
10.00
5.00
0.00
0.0000 0.0010 0.0020 0.0030 0.0040
Volume flow rate(m3/s)

Figure 8 : Graph of Efficiency (%) , Head pump(m), Brake Horsepower(kW) vs Volume Flow Rate(m3/s) for Test 2

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5.1.3 TEST 3

PUMP SPEED, N = 2945 rpm

𝜔= 308.4 rad/s

Table 3 : Data for test 3

INPUT OUTPUT Efficiency

water Torque, T Shaft Power Volume Flow Inlet Pressure,𝑝1 Discharge water output
height, (Nm) Rate Pressure,𝑝2 head,h power,
mm kW Hp l/min m3/s Mh2o N/m2 psi N/m2 (m)(100%) Watt
(100%)
0 1.8 0.56 0.74 0 0.0000 0.1 980.67 36 248211.36 25.20 0.00 0.00
75 3.5 1.08 1.45 130 0.0022 -0.3 -2942.00 33 227527.08 23.49 499.35 46.26
83 3.9 1.20 1.61 170 0.0028 -0.9 -8825.99 30 206842.80 21.98 611.06 50.81
-
89 4.2 1.30 1.74 200 0.0033 -1.3 12748.65 27 186158.52 20.28 663.03 51.19
-
92 4.4 1.36 1.82 215 0.0036 -1.8 17651.97 24 165474.24 18.67 656.20 48.36
-
94 4.5 1.39 1.86 235 0.0039 -2 19613.30 21 144789.96 16.76 643.91 46.40
-
97 4.6 1.42 1.90 245 0.0041 -2.5 24516.63 18 124105.68 15.15 606.88 42.78
-
99 4.8 1.48 1.99 260 0.0043 -2.8 27458.62 15 103421.40 13.34 567.15 38.31

TEST 3
60.00
Efficiency(%) , Head pump(m), Brake

50.00

40.00
Horsepower(kW)

30.00 efficiency

20.00 Head pump

Brake Horsepower
10.00

0.00
0.0000 0.0020 0.0040 0.0060
Volume flow rate(m3/s)

Figure 9 : Graph of Efficiency (%) , Head pump(m), Brake Horsepower(kW) vs Volume Flow Rate(m3/s) for Test 3

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5.2 SAMPLE CALCULATION

Take the data no 2 of test 1 as an example, N = 1439 rpm

𝟐𝝅𝑵
𝝎 = 𝟔𝟎
𝟐𝝅 × (𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟗)
= 𝟔𝟎
= 150.69 rad/s

𝑾𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒇𝒕 = 𝑻𝝎
= 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟗
= 150. 69 rad/s

Taking water height = 50 mm

We got the value of volume flow rate,𝑄̇ = 50 L/min from the 90° VEE NOTCH CALIBRATION
CURVE
𝑄̇ =50 L/min = 8.3310−4 𝑚3 /𝑠

Water head,ℎ𝑝
𝑝2 − 𝑝1
ℎ𝑝 =
𝜌𝑔
(55158.056 − 980.665 )
= (1000 ×9.81)
= 5.5227 𝑚

Output power,𝑃𝑓
𝑃𝑓 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄̇ ℎ𝑝
= (1000) × (9.81) × (8.33 × 10−4 ) × (5.5227)
= 45.13 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡

Efficiency ,ƞ
𝑝𝑓
ƞ = × 100
𝑊𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
(45.13)
= × 100
150.69
= 29.9 %

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6.0
DISCUSSION

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7.0 CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, we can say the result for Test 3: Pump Speed = 2945 rpm at 100% and Test 2:
Pump Speed = 2178 rpm at 75% are better than Test 1: Pump Speed = 1439 rpm at 50%. Its
mean that the best performance of the pumps is when it operates at speed between 1439 rpm
until 2178 rpm and the efficiency between 50% and 75%. From the experiment, we can conclude
that the best performance of this centrifugal pump to operate is at speed N1 = 2945 rpm and flow
rate, Q between the range of 0 to 3 (m³/s) x 10-³.

By doing this experiment also, all the characteristics of this pump which is efficiency,
break horsepower and the head can be defined by using a different speed of pump, and thus the
objective of this experiment is achieved already. Therefore it can be acceptable in order to define
any centrifugal pump characteristics.

It also can be said that the main objectives of this experiment have been achieved
successfully. We can also determine all the parameters required. However, it is to be noted that,
some of the value of readings obtained may be inaccurate due to certain errors that occurred
during the experiment such as parallax error and human error. Yet it still leads and produced the
expected results accordingly and as required.

As a conclusion, what I get here is that I know what a centrifugal pump is and how it
functions. I also get knowledge on the performance characteristics which are very useful for me
as a future mechanical engineer in order for me to select an appropriate pump for several
operations, which depends largely on the brake horsepower, the efficiency, and also the pump
head varies with the capacity or the flowrate. All these need to be considered in selecting an ideal
pump.

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8.0 REFERENCES

1. Frank M. White, Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition, Mc Graw Hill, New York, USA, 2003.
2. Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi, Fundementals of Fluid
Mechanics, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Asia,2006.
3. John F. Douglas, Janusz M. Gasiorek, John A. Swaffield, Fluid Mechanics, 4th Edition,
Pearson Prentice Hall, Scotland, 2001.

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