Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nam-Hyuk Ham1,a, Kyung-Min Min2,b, Ju-Hyung Kim3,c, Yoon-Sun Lee4,d , Jae-Jun Kim5,e
1,2
Master Course, Dept. of Sustainable Architectural Enginr., Hanyang Univ., Seoul, Korea
3
Professor, College of Architecture, Tongmyong Univ., Busan, Korea
4
Research Prof., Dept. of Sustainable Architectural Enginr., Hanyang Univ., Seoul,
5
Professor, Dept. of Sustainable Architectural Enginr., Hanyang Univ., Seoul, Korea
a
sunkist7@naver.com, bwheninneedmin@gmail.com, cjkim@tu.ac.kr, dyoonnsunlee@korea.com,
e
jjkim0205@hotmail.com
1.1. Background and Aim of the Study The study was conducted in the following ways to
present plans for supporting architectural planning
Each phase of jobs directly affect the life-cycle of using BIM.
construction project, that is planning, design, First, the study presented the changes in
construction, maintenance and the quantity of construction environments and the necessity of BIM
information generated from this is huge. As the application in architectural planning phase and
construction projects at present day is getting bigger, methods of study.
complex thus the quantity of information increases Second, the concept of BIM was defined presented
exponentially and efficient management and use of this as a tool to define architectural planning and analyze
information is required. Currently, there are many the trends of related studies and to support architectural
studies to increase the efficiency of projects by planning from theoretical examination.
managing this information and reusing useful Third, obtained the concept and roles of planning
information in construction project design and BIM by analyzing the concept of planning process and
construction fields. However, studies on these project lifecycle BIM.
information is insufficient in planning and maintenance Fourth, defined 3D unit space model based on the
fields and planning phase is especially where major international standard IFC space model to support
decisions on the project in general are made but architectural planning using BIM and constructed
43
35
A Architectural planning, from project life cycle based methodology. Many cases for supporting
viewpoint, is finding out the needs of construction decision making by participants by using those
participants related with project and finding out technologies and drawing control and site control are
information on pre-design phase and it should be being discovered in the fields of architect and
converted into useful information at design phase and construction due to development of information
provide tools for making decisions for contractor and technology but there are not many studies applying
architects. There needs to know about the scope and those information technologies at planning phase yet.
duties of planning to support making decisions as Kim Chang Guk (1991) researched progresses of
architectural planning phase, and supplementary means finding out problems arising at the beginning of design
to control those information should be studied for process and conceptualizing and presented basic
using information at each phase of project well in methodology on modeling to execute those processes
lifecycle. with computer, You Sang Wook and 1 other (1994)
Table 2 shows advanced studies on architectural studies concepts on architectural processes to develop
planning and broadly divided into study to present object oriented construction programming professional
architectural planning for clarifying the processes of system and selected construction programming model
planning phase and study on construction of and established theoretical conceptual model to
knowledge structure on architectural planning and construction system based on object oriented
decision making system assisting planning. development methods. Dong Jae Wook and 2 others
As shown previously, architectural planning can be (2006) along with recent NGIS Project performed
defined diversely and the scope and contents of duties studies by dividing into information analysis phase
are diverse as well. There arises duplication of duties through analysis on societies and natural environments
due to unclear planning duties and lacks cooperation and GIS analysis and feasibility analysis phase such as
between experts. A study by S Architecture Office on facility programming, feasibility study and business
planning process for systematizing architectural forecasting, and decision making phase based on
planning stated that feasibility study is conducted comprehensive business plan and planned design.
before signing contract with the contractor and As seen so far, the duties of planning phase is
performed architectural planning after signing the unclear compared to design and construction fields and
contract but in reality, it was not able to present broad and there are many participants since it is the
comprehensive planning model because feasibility beginning phase of project lifecycle thus it is difficult
study and construction is progressing at the same time to establish process and prepare plans for supporting
thus it was difficult to apply in various situations. Gang planning duties. This study intends to use BIM
Mi Sun (1997) considered the economical and social (Building Information Modeling) concept which is
gains on contractor and architectural planning aspects becoming popular in AEC(Architecture, Engineering,
in feasibility study with comprehensive viewpoints. Construction) industry as a supporting tool for
However, it is limited by limiting planning in comprehensively managing information generated
feasibility study side only. According to Architectural during the lifecycle of buildings and for duties before
Planning Theory by Japanese Architect Academy designing phase.
(1992), planning process is composed of project
proposal, planning condition analysis, planning from Table 2. Advance study on architectural planning
organization/administration/spatial/technology aspect, Class Researcher Contents
evaluation of plans and preparation but the procedures Learn lessons through project analysis
of planning duties on each phase are unclear and has Gibsond and related with initial planning processes
difficult in controlling architectural planning in terms 3 others and proved positive relationship
of construction project lifecycle. (2006) between initial planning and
improvements in project results
Kim Jin Woo (1996( and H Kim (2007) constructed
Presenting
knowledge structure of architectural planning for Architectural Performed feasibility study before
studies on construction of knowledge structure of Planning S Architect signing contract with contractor and
architectural planning. Kim Jin Wook studies ways to Process Office performed planning design in
(1998) architectural aspects after signing the
extract essential knowledge in developing knowledge contract
base meeting the characteristics of construction fields
as a base step to develop knowledge base system in Gang Mi
Presented feasibility study models in
Sun
construction design field, H. Kim defined the (1997)
economic, social, architectural aspects
relationship between object and object of buildings to
support initial design phase, and constructed those
concepts with ontology and presented knowledge
44
36
Discussed about concepts and Table 3. Definition of BIM
Gibson and definitions at initial planning phase and Organization,
Definition
2 others presented process model analyzing Scholar
(1997) functions of planning phase Provide parametric based model to reflect
Composed of project proposal, insertion, extraction, updating or altering physical,
NIBS
Japanese planning condition analysis, planning functional characteristics of building at each steps
(2007)
Architect in aspects of as needed throughout the processes to support
Academy organization/administration/spatial/ cooperation among related parties
(1992) technology, evaluation and preparation Comprehensively manage and use information on
of plans Gang Hyun all steps from planning to expiry through
H.Kim and 1 Cheol and 1 exchanging and sharing information according to
Construct space with building ontology
other other projects, processes focusing on interoperation of
Construction for supporting initial design
(2007) (2007) information through the entire lifecycle of
of
Architectural Construct knowledge base construction
planning development phase for developing Refers to the entire processes of exchanging,
Kim Jin
Knowledge knowledge base system in construction GSA reusing, controlling information generated during
Wook
Structure field and examined ways to extract (2006) the lifecycle of building through object oriented
(1996)
knowledge essential in developing artificial intelligent information model
knowledge base
Comprehensively control all information and
Performed studies by dividing into Lee Gang organization, duties and processes needed from the
information analysis phase through (2006) stage of planning for construction to its cycle of
analysis on societies and natural design, construction, maintenance and demolition
Dong Jae
environments and GIS analysis and
Wook and 2
feasibility analysis phase such as
others As seen from the above, the concept of BIM has
facility programming, feasibility study
(2006)
and business forecasting, and decision developed from the points of integrated management
making phase based on comprehensive of information thought the lifecycle of a building and
business plan and planned design
its concept is being firmly established with the
Defined the concepts on design development of CAD. Picture 2 compares efforts and
Decision processes for developing object
Making oriented APES (Architectural effects required to form BIM based on existing CAD
System You Sang system, object-oriented CAD system, parametric based
Programming Expert System), selected
supporting Wook and 1
other
construction programming model and CAD system. As shown in the picture, parametric
Planning set theoretical conceptual model to
(1994) based CAD system is most effective in forming BIM.
construct APES by integrating
structure expert system based on
object-oriented development methods
45
37
AEC/FM project thus compatibility between BIM
exclusive program can be solved.
‘Tasks and Outlooks on constructing Korean BIM’ 3.2 Roles of Plan BIM
forecasted that interoperability and the importance of
information exchanges between firms will increase as Job processes at planning phase can be defined
the steps of development increase as BIM development according to the characteristic of projects. Planning
steps of BIM based on the results of researching duty is a process of extracting optimum Plan by
European BIM market evolve into unit function BIM, comprehensively finding out information related with
job unit BIM, A/E step BIM, A/E/C step BIM, project and the role of Plan BIM should be defined on
lifecycle BIM and presented that it should become this line of thoughts.
lifecycle BIM integrating planning, designing, As defined previously, Plan Supporting BIM should
constructing, maintaining building. BIM refers to be reflected initial data related with plans and
process comprehensively managing information being requirements related with projects at initial space and
generated throughout the processes and not just simple Plan BIM with strong characteristics of initial project
information model. For planning phase, it is a phase program as shown is developed into Building Model
where the first information is generated for integrated by going through design, construction, maintenance.
management along with the start of the project and Major roles and detailed duties of Plan BIM are shown
generates basic information on design phase. on Table 4. Major roles of Plan BIM is supporting
processes of collecting and analyzing data, process
extracting optimum space plans reflected with
requirements from contractor and project.
46
38
4.1. Define unit building space model for Site inherits all attributes as Sub Object of unit
supporting planning space and has Address information as additional
attribute.
There requires a tool to contain architectural
planning information to use on construction lifecycle Table 6. VC_Site Object Definition
usefully by collecting/analyzing information at attribute description
planning phase, BIM required for supporting planning Global_ID Object identifier
at initial project phase is space model containing initial Name Object name
data on project and contractor requirements thus it
should contain attributes on definitions and usage, VC Type Object type
costs on unit space to be developed into Design BIM _Site Placement Object location information
Model. This study constructed 3D Unit Space Model
Representation Object shape information
based on space model of IFC, international standard
model. Address Address information
IFC Model being developed as standard BIM model
in construction industries has broad range of 4.1.3. Building
expressing information and open-structure in
expressing information thus has excellent advantage in Building inherits all attributes as Sub object of unit
expansion and application of BIM model. Unit space space and has ground level and address information as
model for supporting architectural planning support is additional attributes.
as follows.
Table 7. VC_Building Object Definition
attribute description
Global_ID Object identifier
Name Object name
Type Object type
VC
Placement Object location information
_Building
Representation Object shape information
GL Building height information
Address Address information
4.1.4. Storey
47
39
Global_ID Object identifier identify additionally required interior and exterior and
Name Object name Elevation_from_floor displaying the height of
Type Object type elevation. Rough space planning can be planned
Placement Object location information through generated unit space.
VC
_Space Representation Object shape information
Identifying internal and
Interior_Exterior
external space
Elevation_from Height of space (based on
_floor level)
48
40
for construction project”, Collection thesis from Korean
Architect Academy, Vol. 22, No. 9, 2006 pp. 101-110
[6] Park Il Woo, Park Young Gi, “Study on establishing the
concept of architectural planning”, Collection thesis from
Korean Architect Academy, Vol. 17, No. 8, 2001, pp. 67-74
[7] Park Han Gyu, “Study on using programming in
architecture at Korean architect firms”, Collection thesis
from Korean Architect Academy, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2006, pp.
69-80
Figure 8. Cost Review [8] You Sang Wook, Jung Mu Woon, “Basic study on the
development of professional system for construction
5. Conclusion programming”, Collection thesis from Korean Architect
Academy, Vol. 10, No. 6, 1994, pp. 33-42
This study aimed to present the concept of Plan BIM [9] Lee Gang, “Key technology for managing building
and its applications to support decision makings by lifecycle”, Collection of Thesis from Korean Architect
participants of planning phase. Academy Seminar, 2006, pp. 145-149
It established the concept and role of Planning BIM [10] Japanese Architect Academy, “Architect Planning”,1992
efficiently supporting decision makings at planning [11] Jang Sung Jun, “Collection of lectures on architect
phase through defining architectural planning and planning”, Myungji University, School of Architect, 1998
analyzing advanced studies, defining BIM, and studied [12] Jang Sung Jun, “Study on duty division of architects
the role of planning supporting BIM according to each and job results”, Collection thesis from Korean Architect
Academy, Vol. 18, No. 9, 2002, pp. 51-58
situation by creating simulation screen to check how
[13] Autodesk. Building Information Modeling in Practice.
planning duties can be supported based on unit space Press Releases White Paper, http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/se
model by establishing 3D unit space model based on Rvlet/item/?siteID=123112&id=8127972, 2006
space model based on IFC model by taking into [14] G. E. Gibson, J.H. Kaczmarowski, H. E. Lore,
account expendability and compatibility from the point “Preproject-Planning Process for Capital Facilities”, Journal
of view from project lifecycle. Finally, there required of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 121, No.
studies to define the relationships between unit space 3, 1995, pp. 312-318
models according to space formation and purposes, [15] G. E. Gibson, Y. R. Wang, C. S. Cho, M.. P. Pappas,
contractor requirements and it is believed that there “Waht is Preproject Planning, Anyway?”, Journal of
Management Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2006, pp. 35-42
needs studies on expansion of planning supporting
[16] GSA Building Information Modeling Guide Series (01-
BIM when we think that construction project planning GSA BIM Guide Overview), 2006
will expand from building to complex, region, city [17] R. G. Hershberger, “Architectural Programming &
units. Predesign Manager”, McGraw-Hill, 1999
[18] IAI Korea, Technology seminar and reports on activities,
References Construction Standard IFC, Advance construction,
CAD&Graphics, 2006, pp. 50-51, http://iai.or.kr/
[1] Gang Mi Sun, “Study on methods of analyzing [19] H. Kim, F. Grobler, “Building Ontology To Support
FEASIBILITY at architectural planning phase”, Doctorate Reasoning In Early Design”, Computing in Engineering,
thesis for Seoul National University, 1997 2007
[20] National BIM Standard Version 1.0-Part 1 : Overview,
[2] Gang Hyun Cheol, Lee Myung Shik, “Study on Principles and Methodology by NIBS, 2007
development of construction duty integration model through [21] http://ce.vtt.fi/iaiIFCprojects/
analysis on BIM cases”, Collection of Thesis from Korean [22] http://www.trelligence.com
Architect Academy Seminar, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2007, pp. 61-64.
[3] Kim Jin Wook, “Study on Knowledge Acquisition
method for developing architect knowledge base”, Collection
thesis from Korean Architect Academy, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1996,
pp. 47-62
[4] Kim Chang Guk, “Basic study on using Cad in
construction programming environments”, Collection thesis
from Korean Architect Academy, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1991, p. 3-8
[5] Dong Jae Wook, Go In Yong, Lee Hwa Ryong, “Case
Study on using geographic information system in planning
49
41