Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Report
B.TECH. PROJECT
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Guided By
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We hereby take an opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude to our Guide
Prof. V.D. Salkar for his valuable guidance and esteemed advice along with constant
encouragement during our project work, which enabled this project work to be successful.
We also express our sincere gratitude to Mr. H.P. Kulkarni for his thought-provoking
suggestions and eminent help.
Thanks, and appreciation to our friends for their keen advice & valuable co-
operation during completion of this project of our batch. And finally, we would like to
thank institution and faculty members.
Place: Sangli.
Date: 20/04/2018
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project entitled, “Planning for ‘Living in Group’ for Dual-
Earner Couples” written by us has not been previously formed the basis for the award of
any degree certificate. We are responsible for all the contents of the report.
CERTIFICATE
CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. 2
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... 3
CERTIFICATE .................................................................................................................. 4
CONTENT ......................................................................................................................... 5
ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 8
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... 9
LIST OF CHARTS .......................................................................................................... 10
LIST OF SHEETS ........................................................................................................... 12
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 12
1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY ..................................... 13
1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................... 15
1.3 Objectives .......................................................................................................... 16
1.4 What is Work Life Balance? ............................................................................. 16
2 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 18
2.1 Studies on Need Assessment of Dual Earner Couples: ..................................... 18
2.2 Studies on Planning for Society: ....................................................................... 19
2.3 Studies on Green and Smart Buildings: ............................................................ 19
3 VISIT REPORTS ..................................................................................................... 23
3.1 Purpose of Visit ................................................................................................. 23
3.2 Residential Societies ......................................................................................... 23
3.3 Kidzee Daycare ................................................................................................. 26
3.4 Greenergy English Medium School .................................................................. 26
4 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 30
4.1 Survey for Unmarried Students (Above age 18) ............................................... 31
4.1.1 Questionnaire ............................................................................................. 31
4.1.2 Results and Outcomes ................................................................................ 33
4.1.3 Suggestions by students ............................................................................. 36
4.2 Survey for Working Couples............................................................................. 37
4.2.1 Questionnaire ............................................................................................. 37
4.2.2 Results and Outcomes ................................................................................ 40
ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF FIGURES
7.11 Opening 88
7.12 Composter 90
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart
Name of Chart Page No.
No.
4.1 Responses received for managing office work as well as
22
household activities
4.2 Responses received for time consuming household activities 22
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF SHEETS
ABSTRACT
Modernization in India has led to growing number of nuclear families, working women
and high workload. Today, people especially dual earner couples are so busy managing
their work that they are left with no time for family members, household activities or to
celebrate the festivals. Managing personal and professional obligations creates stress
adversely affecting efficiency. To identify stress causing elements in their life and assess
their needs as well as to recognise the facilities required to plan ‘Living in Group’ society,
survey of more than 125 individuals from dual earner couples was conducted by means of
Google form. The survey findings support the innovative idea of ‘Living in Group’ society
which is co-living focused on using shared spaces and facilities to create more convenient
and fulfilling lifestyle maintaining work life balance of dual earner couples. To make the
planning of society deployable in real life, the buildings as well as the layout is in
accordance with the development control rules and regulations. The ‘Living in Group’
society proposed through the present study is a smart, sustainable and satisfying IGBC
platinum rating society highly conducive to one’s growth, where the required facilities are
provided, and everyone will live together sharing, helping each other like a big family to
reduce the workload affordably, celebrating the diverse culture together with spirit of
oneness.
1.1 Introduction
The needs of society have changed today, with transition from traditional society to
modern one; there is increase in women employment and nuclear family systems in India.
Also, there has been a tremendous growth of cities with migration from rural to urban
centres. This growth of cities during the last decade is not orderly and well planned but is
haphazardly. The civic facilities such as schools, medical centres, markets, gardens etc.
are far away from the residential area. It consumes lot of time and efforts to reach to the
facilities. The development of huge complexes, residential buildings etc. is not in
accordance with the byelaws. Thus, a well-planned society with all the required amenities
well within reach is a need. Also, there has been a remarkable rise in working women.
Today, women not only carry out household activities but also work hand in hand with
men. Both partners working help the family financially but at the same, couple faces
number of challenges in managing the household activities, looking after the children and
fulfilling family commitments. There are no other family members in a nuclear system to
help them with the household works. Furthermore, low-income single mothers or fathers
are facing increasing pressures to manage both work and home. In India, for many families
the issues of time management, long irregular working hours, lack of working time
flexibility and lack of child care facilities have been raised.
Employees today are more likely than ever to be concerned with how to balance their
work and family lives. Work-family conflict is unavoidable in modern life. Time related
stress and presence of children, increased expenditure in urban lifestyle cause
disagreements among dual earner couples and contribute to increasing number of divorce
cases in India. These problems of working couples, if left unaddressed will only increase
in coming years and achieving work-life balance will become biggest challenge. It is need
of the hour to find ways and means which will help increase the quality of life of working
couples.
the required information for study and proper planning of ‘Living in Group’ society was
collected by means of a questionnaire consisting of self-explanatory introductory
paragraph on ‘Living in Group’ and 15 numbers of questions. A Google form was used to
circulate the questionnaire among the couples, and also to collect and store the data. The
responses were also collected from face to face surveys which were later filled on the
Google forms. Analysis of the responses made it clear that there is need to plan ‘Living in
Group’ society, as there was positive feedback for it from the working couples. Majority
of the couples found the work of sorting vegetables, cooking, washing etc. very tedious
and need help to manage the household chores as well as to look after children. The
suggestions and feedback received from survey were very useful in planning the society.
Also, to study prevailing trends as well as the merits and demerits existing residential
societies from Pune, Kolhapur and Sangli were visited.
Here are typical examples of how life would be in ‘Living in Group’ society.
• Father of a child has an important meeting and thus cannot take leave from office
and his spouse is also engaged with her office work, but the child has a holiday. In
such a situation this family can keep the child in the society's 'Day care centre'
itself and go to office without any worries. Even some unemployed mothers or
grandmothers of ‘Living in Group’ society only can take care of the children in
Day-care who will be paid for this service in return.
• Couple has got back home from days’ work’ all tired from the job and hungry. The
combined kitchen cum canteen of the society will provide them with tasty and
healthy homemade food which will eliminate the tedious and time-consuming job
of cooking and they can spend quality time with family and enjoy the dinner.
And there would be many more instances where this concept will be useful.
Increasing women employment, nuclear families and stress arising from work
family conflict are major factors that portray the need for ‘Living in Group’ society. Other
than this issues like security in urban areas due to isolated living and trend of admitting
old parents to old age homes as there is no one to take care and carry out their
responsibility will be resolved by ‘Living in Group’ society. Also, it will help eliminate
secluded behaviour of children and loneliness of old parents as there will be many other
of their age in the society itself. Also, a lot Spaces like Hall and Kitchen are rarely used
by these Dual Career couples because their work schedule do not permit them to do so.
Hence owning spacious apartment in urban areas is inefficient and costly affair due to
improper utilisation of spaces which become just a part of showpiece. Thus, sharing of
these spaces will reduce the rates of flat and optimize use of space.
The ‘Living in Group’ is primarily planned to solve the issues of dual earner couples and
help them maintain work life in their busy and challenging schedule. Also, it will be very
useful to single parents as household work and children will be looked after in the society.
‘Living in Group’ caters to a large section of people ranging from low income who can
afford flats from 15 to high as 100 lakhs. Also, flats will be available on rental basis for
those who cannot afford to buy or have jobs which demand transfer and thus change the
cities in few years.
Increasing population, number of working women and nuclear family system are
characteristics of metropolitan cities. The growing demand for accommodation on limited
land resource has increased the land rates by manifolds in cities. Thus, to make living in
cities affordable ‘Living in Group’ is best suited in metropolitan and other growing cities.
1.3 Objectives
1. To study prevailing scenario and identify the problems faced by dual earner
couples.
2. To review the literature on prevailing Indian scenario and needs of dual earner
couples as well as green and smart ways of living.
3. Collecting and analysing data through various surveys.
4. Need assessment of the dual earner couples
5. To visit prevailing modern societies, townships and facilities like Day care and
Green building.
6. To find the solution of the problems faced by working couples through Civil
Engineering Approach.
7. To plan and develop appropriately in accordance with the Development Control
and Promotion Regulations.
8. To develop organization structure for managing the ‘Living in Group’ society.
9. To make ‘Living in Group’ society energy efficient, green and cost-effective
society maintaining work life balance of couples.
10. To Compare ‘Living in Group’ society with conventional societies and flats with
respect to benefits
1. Every individual has many roles to play: employee, boss, subordinate, spouse,
parent, child, sibling, friend, and community member. Each of these roles
imposes demands on us that require time, energy and commitment to fulfil.
2. Work-family or work-life conflict occurs when the cumulative demands of
these many work and non-work life roles are incompatible in some respect so
that participation in one role is made more difficult by participation in the other
role.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Present study includes explanatory research on the concerned areas relating to the
need assessment of dual earner or career couple and the work life balance. It also includes
the study on planning aspect, green and smart building etc.
Doble N. & Supriya V. (2010) addresses work-life balance across genders. The work
life balance can be achieved by providing the facilities such as child care in work place.
The other factors like flexibility in work such as work from home, flexibility in time by
providing with shift and helpful working environment can help dual earner couples to
maintain work life balance. Such initiative will lead to increase the efficiency and
productivity of organization because working mothers will focus more on work than
children [1]. Many of the developing countries have policies to support work family by
providing care related leaves by providing flexibility in time and alternative work
arrangement so they can provide childcare support [2].
Panda U. (2011) explores issues pertaining to role conflicts between the dual-couples
related to childcare, domestic work and profession work. In dual career families the
traditional gender roles such as childcare, housekeeping and kitchen works of women have
been significantly changing due to inadequacy of time [3]. Maini J., Sharma S., & Sidana
S. (2016) explained the challenges faced by working women in an organization have an
impact on their life beyond work too. The some of the common factors such as job timing,
work load, spouse and less supportive family which leads to increase in stress level and
imbalance in work-family. This imbalance in work and family life creates conflict at
workplace and home. It is found that due to imbalance in work family adversely affects
organizational obligation, productivity and stress related problems [4].
The influence of Work-Family Conflict (WFC) and Work Stress (WS) perceived
from married working women mainly from educational institutions, hospitals and
Information Technology (IT) industry in public and private sectors. Authors find out the
Correlation co-efficient to know the relationship between Work-Family Conflict and
Work Stress. This coefficient clearly indicates that work family conflict is directly
proportional to each other. It is found that women with high job position in professional
face more work-family conflict and work stress [5].
Tiwari A. (2016) highlights the need of dual earner couple and challenging
problems. Most of the studies focus on the cost for childcare [6]. The high cost for
childcare negatively effect on low earning women while it is not a problem for high
earning women [7]. With cost another important parameter is the quality of utility service
of childcare facility. The low quality of childcare facility which makes parent to more
concerned about their child result to less productive while at workplace [8].
The different rules and regulations are provided for planning and development of
new or existing infrastructure to stop the haphazard growth of building. The Development
control and promotion regulations (DCPR) provision is done for the planning of various
building construction based on land use classification and its permissible use. It gives
necessity guideline regarding the general building requirement such as setback, marginal
distance etc. It provides general ideas such as special provision should be done for
installation of solar assisted water heating system, roof top photovoltaic system, rain water
harvesting, solid waste management etc. depending upon area [9].
Green building is one of measure been put forward to mitigate significant impacts
of the building on the environment, society and economy. A number of assessment tools
have been developed to assist the green building developments. The leading green
building assessment tools include: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED, United States), BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM, United
Kingdom). In the construction context, social sustainability mainly covers the quality of
living, occupational health, safety and future professional development opportunities.
Utilization of renewable energy technological innovations has been pivotal for achieving
green building objectives and accreditation [11]. India is witnessing tremendous growth
in infrastructure and construction development. As the sector is growing rapidly,
preserving the environment poses a host of challenges. The Council encourages, builders,
developers, owners, architects and consultants to design & construct green buildings,
thereby enhancing the economic and environmental performance of buildings. The
Council’s activities have enabled a market transformation with regard to green building
materials and technologies. IGBC continuously works to provide tools that facilitate the
adoption of green building practices in India [12].
The behavioural and cultural factors are also crucial for green building
developments [13]. One of key elements of sustainable building design is to reduce the
consumption of resources and to improve the resource utilization efficiency [14, 15]. One
of common approaches is to reduce, recycle and reuse or construction and demolition
waste [16, 17]. One of the challenge faces by construction practitioners during early
project stages is that of selecting appropriate construction method. Prefabrication is one
such method in which the structural member is manufactured in factory (i.e. in controlled
environment) with required quality, easily mix, and cure till achieved good quantity with
desired strength. There are various benefits of prefabrication technology such as shortened
construction time, improved quality, enhance durability, better architectural appearance,
enhance occupational health and safety, material conservation, less construction site
waste, less environmental emission, reduction of energy and water consumption. These
advantages provide opportunities for prefabrication to better serve sustainable building
projects [18].The growth of Indian construction is going to become a fast to fulfil the need
of future generation, time effective and achieving advance technique. Time of any
construction is directly varied with cost of construction [19].
It is worth noting that all leading green building assessment tools are designed
according to local climatic and geographic conditions. The bench- marking study needs to
take this into consideration when comparing the effectiveness of these green building
rating tools. The extensive literature review shows that most of green building studies
focus on environmental aspects of sustainability such as energy consumption, water
efficiency and greenhouse gas emission together with the technical solutions. It points out
to the benefits of green construction as well as the incentives from govt. and municipal
bodies for GRIHA certified green building [20].
operational and maintenance costs. Furthermore, it also confirms that benefit-cost ratio on
the smart building was much higher than a conventional building [25].
One of the important factors is disposal of solid waste. Organic or inorganic waste
materials produced out of household or commercial activities, that have lost their value in
the eyes of the first owner, but which may be of great value to somebody else. (Robinson,
W.D.1986). Almost all the components of solid waste have some potential if it is
converted or treated in a scientific manner. The quantum of waste generated in Indian
towns and cities is increasing day-by-day on account of its increasing population and
increased GDP. Wastes need to be increasingly sorted at the source, to separate materials
that can be recycled and to reduce the amount of wastes requiring collection and disposal.
Public participation is necessary for a proper waste management system. Changes in the
habits of segregation, littering, can change the approach towards wastes. This means
consuming fewer resources, reusing whatever we can and finally recycling what cannot
be reused. This process greatly reduces the garbage [26].
3 VISIT REPORTS
Site visits provide great way to observe the operations of a society/ building as well as
learn about their functioning. It develops greater understanding of management they
adopt. More of it gives valuable insight into different group living societies/ buildings.
The main reason behind visiting was to know the deviations while planning. It was an
opportunity to learn about their strategies, new innovations they have adopted. The
different cities chosen were Kolhapur, Sangli and Pune as they were well familiar and
easily accessible. Effective grouping was done in different societies, how society was
maintained daily by having a proper organisation was known. With the different city,
different society the experience was different. Every society in the city had its own
advantages and lacunae. As per the city there was difference in living standard of people
which ultimately shown the difference in their choices about amenities to have. So, it was
helpful as ‘Living in Group’ society consists of people of different classes. It was
necessary to bring the needs of people who differ in thinking and have different class in
one society to make them think one, and live in harmony together, caring and sharing for
each. Visits helped us understand, which amenities to be provided with proper grouping
along with recognition of organization. The following report shows the overall review of
the visit done in different cities and the detailed study about different societies visited.
Highlights of Visits -
3.2 Residential Societies
is given prime importance by providing security booth at entrance and residents have
individual security cards to avoid entry of outsiders. Recreational spaces include garden,
children play area, open air theatre, basketball court and temple. Spacious common gym
is provided but was left unused. Similarly, provision of small club house which remained
unutilised. Grocery store or mini market in the neighbourhood of the society was absent.
In all, it was one of the ideal affordable societies if some of its drawbacks are ignored.
Name of society- Elixa park, Waterfront and Bhakti Pooja Nagar Kolhapur
Date of visit- 25/02/2018
Elixa Park city visited was specially designed for premium class of society. The best part
was grouping with commercial complex facing the road and the residential building wings
A, B, C wings were in C shape behind and the high-class D wing was a separate one
behind this three. A parking area for 500 cars was provided at 3 floors below the ground
level. Ground as well as first floor of A, B, C Wings were completely dedicated for
common amenities and there was connectivity till the first floor only between the three
buildings. Common amenities of the society include swimming pool, gym, open to sky
children playground, open to sky gardens, spa, home theatre with a capacity of 60 people,
convenient shopping facility, billiards table, table tennis and a multi-purpose hall with
capacity of 315 people.
Waterfront was a residential/commercial type of building with the road side front
of building used for commercial shops and an open to sky garden on 4th floor. Bhakti Pooja
Nagar is a Jain society constructed 16 years ago. Amenities included were 4 small gardens,
gym, swimming pool, and children play area with swings, slides etc. and two big temples.
The main reason behind the site visit was to understand different aspects such as planning
of society, financial management, organisational breakdown structure and social issues.
The chairman gave information regarding various facilities provided in society and some
basic problems faced by society members. During the visit it was observed that facilities
like Community hall, Filtration plant, Sewage system, Park, Playground for children,
Temple, etc. were provided. The society had its own water treatment plant. There were
some lacunae such as less space and less facility provided for recreational activities like
gym, yoga, parks, jogging track, inappropriate fire safety provisions etc.
The society had its own financial management system which is describe as follows:
For the maintenance of all the provided facilities, a fixed charge was taken from the owner
of flat or house at the beginning of purchase and the society had its own account in a bank
which was managed by committee. The accumulated interest on this amount was used to
pay salaries of maintenance worker and other requirements of the society. Besides this,
annual maintenance charge was taken from each family of society to pay water charges
and electricity charges of street light.
From this visit it is found that such kind of financial management system can be
implemented in ‘Living in Group’ society. Also, health care system can be effective to
manage each resident medical record.
Kidzee is a school where kids of varying ages are taken care off. They promote health,
safety and development of kids in its care. There was well organized program for
development and growth of kids. They circulate the diet chart and upcoming event chart
to parents. According to diet chart, kids have to bring their tiffin. There were personal
attention and less exposure to illness. If there is any emergency about health of kid, then
they call to family doctor of that kid which is written in the admission form by their
parents. There is provision of activity room which help every kid to get valuable
socialization with other kids of same age. In that day care, space for play area is quite less
so all kids are unable to play joyfully. There is not enough care taker for kids hence they
unable to give proper attention on every kid.
• The planning and design of the school was made to avail the benefits of natural
light and ventilation as shown in fig.3.1. The capturing feature was no single light
was used during day time as white paint was given to all classrooms which was
good reflector of light.
• Sewage treatment plant- There is provision of STP in the premises to treat the raw
water that is generated from school. It has capacity of 10,000 lit per day. It is still
under process and currently not working.
• Compost plant – Compost plant is having capacity of 1 ton per kg producing
fertilizer in minimum 30 days and maximum time taken can be 45 days to 2
months. It costs about 10 lacks and annually about 15 to 70 thousand are required
to run the plant. The plant is not working currently testing is going on with raw
materials on working of plant. The compost will be brought from outside too and
fertilizer will be sold outside.
• Rain water harvesting plant- Rain water harvesting plant is being planned here.
The water will be used for ground water recharge and gardening
Fig. 3.1: Play area with large windows at Greenergy School, Sangli.
Conclusion –
Some of the aspects of green building were identified from the visit. It was clear from the
visit that the green building not only includes idea of green materials rather consists of use
of building planning and orientation. Also, it gave an idea of how to reduce use of
electricity.
Based on the observation made during visits, attractive features to be incorporated were
decided, which are as follows -
1. Amanora Society -
Fire safety, visitors parking and layout were noticeable features during visit.
2. Vrindavan -
• Management used for maintenance is considerable. A sum of Rs.60, 000 is deposited
in the beginning by every resident in bank. A principle amount adds up which is used
for maintenance.
• Software development like health card to manage medical record.
4. Elixa park -
Grouping and separation of commercial and residential building was done effectively.
4 METHODOLOGY
Now-a-days women are no longer only housewife, but they are working with men
hand in hand to fulfil needs of family. This gives rise to their self-esteem, increase their
status in society, personal growth, gender equality, increase family income leading to
better living standard etc. The life of working couple is never been simple. The effect of
this includes high level of stress, unable to manage time etc. They further face difficulties
in managing dual roles (housewife and working women) and possibly reduced career
progress and performance for both partners. All these aspects can be discussed with
respect to root cause of stress i.e. Problems faced by them in managing things and
providing solution over them.
Problems faced by dual earner couples were discussed in group which was affecting
their relationships causing stress. So better solutions were found for the problems faced
by Dual Earner couples i.e. ‘Living in Group’ society and also helping them to co-ordinate
or maintain their work- life and reduced stress levels. The main difference between other
societies and ‘Living in Group’ society will be sharing many facilities together in families
that will help to teach them manners and morals which is lacking in modern world. There
may be conflicts between residents which can be prevented by rules, regulations and
mutual understanding.
The survey was conducted in different cities including Kolhapur, Sangli and Pune
with considerable number of responses from each. Face to face interactions also carried
out to have informal discussions and the couple shared experiences and information apart
from the questions in survey. On the other hand, general review on Quora app was also
taken. This helped to have the real-life scenario and gather information beyond the survey
questions which assured that the ‘Living in Group’ concept will definitely help them
reduce their problems. Thus, face to face interaction with couples were more effective to
know, what various time-consuming activities are and which facilities they would like to
share in ‘Living in Group’ society. The Google forms were prepared and responses from
both working couples and students were recorded online and analysed.
Only in first phase of project following questionnaire was circulated and 160
responses were received. The questionnaire for the students and their responses are as
follows.
4.1.1 Questionnaire
Q.3) Isn’t managing your office work as well as household activities a tedious job?
a) Yes, it is. b) No
Q.4) What are the most time-consuming household activities which are difficult to
manage?
a) Cooking
b) Household Cleaning Activities
c) Washing clothes and utensils
d) Looking after Children
e) Commuting (Travel to work place)
f) Errands (Vegetable or Grocery buying)
g) Any other (Mention them below)
Q.5) What impact your work has on family relations? (Multiple Answers)
Q.6) What facilities when provided you will be able to manage work and family
comfortably? (Multiple Answers)
a) Day-care
b) Old age home
c) Dispensary and Medical Store
d) Function hall
e) Laundry
f) Gym
g) Any other (Mention them below)
Q.8) Which things would you like to share in your society? (Multiple Answers)
a) Living room
b) Kitchen
c) Locker room
d) Car (cab) system
e) Guest room
f) Study room
g) Any Other (Mention below)
Q.10) Do you have any more ideas or suggestions for this group living society?
Chart 4.1 - Responses received for managing office work as well as household activities
Can’t
say
Near about 58.8 % people answered that it was tedious job to manage office work
as well as household activities and 23.1% said no.
Most people think that household cleaning activities (49.4%), washing clothes (49.4%),
cooking (47.5%), looking after children (33.8%), commuting (33.1%), errands (20.6%)
etc. were most time-consuming activities.
50% people think that misunderstanding was caused due to their work in family
relations. Other major impacts were quarrel between husband and wife (28.1%), less time
for children (49.4%), unable to attend guest (33.1%) etc.
Chart 4.4 - Responses received for facilities to be provided to manage work and family
Day-care (51.2%), old age home (20.6%), dispensary and medical store (38.1%),
function hall (28.1%), laundry (45.6%), gym (38.1%) etc. were the most opted facilities
by the people in society.
People were ready to share utilities such as living room (23.8%), kitchen (26.3%),
Locker room (14.4%), car (cab) system (48.8%), guest room (48.8%), and study room
(48.1%) etc.
160 responses
55.5% said there may be conflict between the families, 27.7% said no and 16.8% said yes.
Most people (66.9%) said they would like to live in such society and some (25%)
were unable to decide.
Outcomes
From above survey it is found that managing household activities and office work
is a tedious job (76.9%), household cleaning (49.4%), washing clothes (49.4%) and
cooking (47.5%) are the most time-consuming activities. Due to excessive workload there
will be misunderstanding between family members (50%) and less time for children and
grandparents (49.4%). If day care (51.2%), dispensary and medical (45.6%), gym (38.1%)
and function hall (38.1%) are provided then they will be able to manage work and family
comfortably. Many people are ready to share guest room (49.4%), car (cab) system
(48.8%) and study room (48.1%). Most of the people said that there may be chances of
conflict in families (55.5%) due to sharing of some facilities. Most of the people (66.9%)
are willing to live in ‘Living in Group’ society.
● Need of financial management for the facilities provided which is the main cause
of conflicts.
● Smart electricity and water supply consumption should be included within it
(Recharge System).
● Security in such societies should be of prime importance; hence security provisions
should be advanced and better.
● There should be a proper authority to solve the issues between two families.
● Provide parks and playgrounds for children which is lacking now a day.
● Focus mainly on senior citizen and Children.
● It is difficult to execute this group living idea in our society, but it can be worked
out if people sharing same culture or profession to live together.
● A special provision of getting together and having some interesting, stress
relieving activities on weekends for working women should be there in the society.
● Adequate privacy should be maintained while sharing common utilities.
● Use IOT based Systems for monitoring.
Following questions are prepared for working couples, so as to get their feedback
on ‘Living in Group’ society concept. As per the responses to the questions, it will be easy
to give the preferences for facilities which will be provided in society. During the first
phase of project 76 responses were received and in the second phase 51 responses were
received.
4.2.1 Questionnaire
Q.2) Name
Q.3) Gender
a) Mail
b) Female
Q.4) Age
Q.5) Occupation
a) Below 6 hours
b) 6 to 8 hours
c) 8 to 10 hours
d) Above 10 hours
a) Yes
b) No
a) Below 3 lakhs
b) 3 lakhs to 6 lakhs
c) 6 lakhs to 10 lakhs
d) Above 10 lakhs
a) Joint family
b) Nuclear family
a) Below 7 years
b) 7 to 14 years
c) Above 14 years
Q.12) Isn’t managing your office work and household activities a tedious job?
a) Yes, it is
b) No
Q.13) What are the most time-consuming household activities which are difficult to
manage? (Multiple answers)
a) Cooking
b) Household cleaning activities
c) Washing clothes and utensils
d) Looking after children
e) Commuting travel to workplace
f) Errands vegetable or grocery buying
g) Any other mention them below
h) Other
Q.14) What impact your work has on family and vice versa? (Multiple answers)
Q.15) Which facilities when provided will make your life more comfortable and suited?
(Multiple answers)
a) Day-care
b) Old age home
c) Dispensary and Medical Store
d) Laundry
e) Gym and yoga
f) Entertainment Mini theatre
g) Mini Bazar
h) Any other mentioned below
i) Other
Q.16) Which things would you like to share in your society? (Multiple answers)
a) Living room
b) Kitchen
c) Car cab system
d) Study or computer room
e) Guest room
f) Any other mentioned below
g) Other
Q.17) Which facilities remain unutilized most of the times? (Multiple answers)
a) Living room
b) Kitchen
c) Guest room
d) Store room
e) Gym
f) Cars
g) Any other mentioned below
h) Other
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
a) Own it
b) Rent it
Q.20) Do you have any ideas or suggestion for this group living society?
Chart 4.8 - Responses received for managing office work as well as household activities)
25%
75%
Yes No
About 75% people said that managing office works as well as household activities
were a tedious job and 25% said no.
(29.13%), errands (vegetable or grocery buying) (29.13%) etc. were the most time-
consuming activities.
Chart 4.10 - Responses received for impact of work on family relations and vice versa
Most people said that impact of work on family was less time for children and
grandparents (48.03%), unable to attend guests (45.67%), unable to reach at workplace on
time (25.49%), reduced work efficiency (25.49%), misunderstandings in family members
(22.05%), quarrel between husband and wife (13.39%), leaving a post or position for
family concern (7.84%) etc.
Chart 4.11 - Responses received for facilities to be provided to manage work and family
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00
%
The facilities like gym & yoga (43.31%), mini bazaar (41.18%), day-care (34.65),
laundry (34.65%), dispensary and medical Store (34.5%), entertainment (mini theatre)
(29.41%), function hall (28.95%), old age home (15.75%) etc., if provided then people
said that it would make their life more comfortable and suited.
People said that they would like to share car (cab) system (50.39%), guest room (36.22%),
study room or computer room (34.65%), living room (31.5%), kitchen (26.77%), locker
room (13.39%) etc.
People opined that the facilities remain unutilized most of the time were gym
(37.25%), cars (29.41%), guestroom (29.41%), storeroom (23.53%), living room
(19.61%), kitchen (9.8%) etc.
21%
9%
70%
Yes No Maybe
Nearly 70 % people said that they would like to live in group living society and
21% were unable to decide.
From above survey it is found that it is difficult to manage office work as well as
household activities (75%). Household Cleaning (55.12%), cooking (44.09%), looking
after children (40.16%) are the most time-consuming household activities. The impact of
work on family and vice versa is less time for children and grandparents (48.03%), unable
to attend guests (45.67%). The facilities which make the life of working couple more
comfortable and suited are gym & yoga (43.31%), mini bazaar (41.18%), day-care
(34.65), laundry (34.65%). The things which can be shared in society are car (cab) system
(50.39%), guest room (36.22%), study room or computer room (34.65%). The facilities
remain unutilized most of the time are gym (37.25%), cars (29.41%), guestroom (29.41%).
About 70% people would like to live in our ‘Living in Group’ society.
He liked the concept of co-living but suggested some changes in plan such as proper
orientation of windows and door for green building concept instead of using specific green
materials. He pointed out wastage of space in non-usable area like common passages and
correction were made afterword as per his suggestions.
5 PLANNING
5.1 Introduction
‘Living in Group’ society is flourished with new concept and ideas wherein sharing the
spaces like living room is of prime importance to make the housing in metropolitan areas
economical. This idea looks pretty fancy on paper but to enforce this idea of co-living
amongst the people living in traditional society, proper planning a ‘Living in Group’
society was important. Grouping of rooms, achieving economy through sharing and at the
same maintaining privacy was a major challenge. “Plan from Whole to Part” was our moto
and it helped us in effective planning of society.
5.3 Requirements
Survey conducted from unmarried students as well as working couples, made it easy to
understand the lacunae of the existing traditional societies and the facilities which the
residents are in need of to reduce the work load and help them manage work-life balance.
Provision of day care in a society is of utmost importance to provide safety, security and
education to the resident’s children when they are at their workplaces. Similarly, Car -
Cab system was also considered necessary for the people to commute to their workplaces
as well as arrange their private tours. Furthermore, Mega Kitchen for the residents will
ensure home-made healthy food ready to serve without any efforts. Recreational spaces
like garden, jogging track and temple is the need of an hour. Along with these, facilities
like laundry, gym, swimming pool, medical facility, grocery shop, ATM, multi-purpose
hall etc. are also vital.
1. Laundry
In dual earner couples the scenario today is that people are so busy
managing their work that they don’t have time for family members and household
activities. Most of dual earner couples find washing clothes a time-consuming
housing activity. So, there is a need to provide facility like laundry in housing
society which addresses one of the major problem of working couples. Also due
to this laundry facility, dual earner couples can easily manage the workload of
household activities and this enables the them to continue work efficiently at their
workplace. In hopes of saving time and energy of couples while doing household
activities laundry is one of convenience service.
Laundry processes are often done in a room reserved for that purpose.
Laundry processes include washing, agitation, rinsing, drying, pressing, and
folding. Hence if there will be provision of laundry facility in housing society it
will help to reduce above mentioned workload.
There is one common laundry in society in the mall and allotted staff will
manage the smooth working of the facility. As it is a society, the numbers of
residents are more and there will be scheduling to manage it efficiently. In order
to mention about management, residents have to put their clothes in bins which
will be provided floor wise. There will be staff member who will collect the clothes
of residents and after completing all the process from washing till folding, washer
man will return clothes in same way as mentioned above. The frequency of
colleting clothes will be once in two days.
2. Car-Cab System
Execution of this system will begin with an initial survey of the entire
society to know the percentage of willing owners of private four-wheelers who are
ready to share their rides or vehicles. Furthermore, survey will also highlight
percentage of residents who are in need of proper means of transport service to
their workplace and also the major areas where workplaces are dominant. This will
help the management committee to distribute the cars according to need on daily
basis. Drivers will be hired by committee itself and maintenance of cars as well as
some pre-fixed amount in form of rent will be granted to these car owners. In case
some families are willing to use these cars for short trips or any other activities,
they will get to avail this facility upon availability of cars and on the basis of first
cum serve basis. An app for pre-booking a vehicle at mentioned rates and specified
conditions will be made available to the residents. In the same manner residents
using this facility for daily commuting have to pay the charges as mentioned and
have to follow the rules emphasised by the Car-cab System Committee. Main
purpose of forming a committee is to ensure strict control and smooth functioning
of the system which in the end will be of utmost use to residents and reduce their
3. Gym
People are so busy in their work life that they don’t have enough time for
their personal life. The change in their lifestyle has led to increase in sitting hours
and no physical movement. This has led to increase in health issues and obesity.
The increase in number of working woman has led to neglecting towards the
physical fitness of family members as it is difficult to manage the office work and
home simultaneously. Hence it is necessary to provide a facility that will help the
working couple to maintain their physical fitness.
As the dual earner couples don’t have enough time from their busy
schedule, there comes a need to provide gym in the society. So that they can save
their time and go to Gym whenever they wish.
There are two gyms one for the members of C Wing within their building
and other in amenity building common for other people. Residents of A and B
wing can pay and use the C Wing gym. The gym is common for ladies and gents.
A gym trainer will be there to guide about fitness. The gym will be open from
morning 6 am to evening 10 pm so that the couple can come here as per their
convenience after completion of their work.
4. Guest room
5. Medical facility
ATM is provided at the mini mall to cater need of customer (of mini mall) as well
as residents of our society.
7. Mini mall
India is nation where the retail sector is highly fragmented but barely
organised. In order to get two different things, one has to make a run for two
different stores. The main objective behind providing Mini Mall is ‘To provide
much needed affordable community facilities and space where a wide variety of
people can gather to utility of service’. To promote the individual and collective
wellbeing, health and happiness of people living in communities, particularly
those suffering from social exclusion. Mini mall is provided within the society
and which is accessible for residents of society as well as outside people.
Mall will present themselves as a one stop shop for all needs of the
consumer in the most pleasurable and economic way. Mall will not only be a
shopping place but a place to rejuvenate, socialize and entertain. All the items
which are required for day to day life like fruits, dairy products, vegetables etc.
will be made available. There is provision of sufficient parking for outsider.
8. Day-care
As dual earner couples have to spend much of the time at their workplace,
the working couples having children face difficulty to look after their children as
there is no one at home after both of them leave for workplace. The working
couples having high work load are unable to complete the responsibilities related
with children effectively which may have adverse impact on the future of the child.
Due to insufficient time spent on the upbringing of child, the parents fail to give
proper rites and values to make the child well brought up. So, there is need of child
care facility in housing society to not only take care of the child and provide them
with required facilities but also give them proper set of values and important life
lessons. The proper child care facility will enable the couples to maintain healthy
relations with reduced fights regarding the child related works as they will be free
from the its responsibility during work time which allows them to continue work
efficiently without any interruptions. This facility is very useful for single working
mother or father who along with work have to single-handedly take care of their
children. On other hand, this child care facility creates employment for housewives
and grandparents within the society for the job of care taker or teacher or nannies.
The first few years of a child's life are important to form a basis for
good education, morality, self-discipline and social integration. Child care or day-
care is for caring and supervision of children, usually ranging from age six weeks
to age thirteen in which care taker or teacher focuses on the physical and mental
developments of children to improve children moral and incidental learning. Child
care facility within society should be such which creates inviting spaces for
children and fulfil the requirement of working couple.
The ‘Living in Group’ society’s day care is for children from 1 years of
age to 12 years. A preschool or kindergarten will be there for 2 to 3 years of
children. It is designed for a capacity of 400 children.
1. Classroom
2. Staff Room
3. Quiet Area
6. Playschool or Kindergarten.
The main function of the kitchen is to prepare food for the whole society.
It is a mega kitchen which will be accompanied by a store room. A large dining
room is provided at ground and first floor where the families can enjoy food for
each building separately. The kitchen has two compartments one for vegetarians
and non-vegetarians. They also have separate cooking utensils and separate
working staff. Morning breakfast, lunch and dinner will be provided to the
residents. Evening snacks will also be there on pay and eat basis. There will be
buffet system for proper management in peak hours. The large dining is divided
into two compartments (i.e. vegetarian and non-vegetarian). This is done because,
some of the families which belongs to some particular caste or religion may have
‘zero tolerance’ to the non-veg food. Therefore, this thing has been taken into
consideration. The kitchen also has parcel facility for old and needy people. Tiffin
facility will also be there for working people and school going children.
People can enjoy yoga sessions in the garden as well as an evening or morning
walk on the jogging track.
A trapezoidal corner plot located at Hinjewadi, Pune was assumed for planning
a layout. Area of plot was assumed between 2 to 2.5 Hectares. Based upon above
assumption three different layouts were prepared as per DC rules and regulations.
Results were totally different with different area. So, in order to select the best layout
as per proper grouping of buildings and facilities, general voting of Final year
Architect students of BKPS Abhinav Kala Mahavidyalaya was taken. They opted
out the Plan A with total layout area of 22,600 square meters which was least
amongst the three and grouping was also satisfactory. Plan B was grouped properly
but the garden wasn’t centrally placed, and area was 25509 Sq.m which was
comparatively higher than Plan A. Plan C was almost of same area as that of Plan B
but grouping wasn’t up to the mark and hence the latter two were rejected.
Plan A consumed the total FSI of 2.05 which fits in 6 Residential buildings which
will be an eco-friendly dwelling of 504 families wherein people of all standard and
class will reside together. Flats ranging from 10 lakhs to 70 lakhs will be made
available for sale wherein people can choose their house based on their requirement,
comfort and economy. Building and flat classification is as follows
One working
couple, their
2 S 2+2+2 1
children and
parents.
Flat type P, Q, R consist of one or two bedrooms and flat type S consist of three
bedrooms.
70-100 C1 1 20 72
Every building will have Mess and Dining Facility on Ground floor and first floor.
assumed 2 children per family which states that out of 2520 individuals 1000 are
children from age group of below 21yrs.
Day-care facility is the back bone of this society wherein dual-earners can hand
over kids to Society’s Day-care and enjoy a peaceful and tension free environment at their
work places. Children from age group 1-12 years will enjoy the day-care facility which
counts for 400 children based upon the assumed percentage as mentioned in the table
above.
Children and Grand Parents are the non-working or dependent personnel of the
society. According to the survey almost 50% families are joint families hence
grandparents or old people are of same importance as children. Therefore, 500 families
will consist of 250 old people approximately, because single person per family is
assumption. Interested retired old people those who are capable and willing to work will
be employed in the management committee of the society.
1. For the assumed Corner Plot, a two floor Mini-mall is provided at the corner which
has two access one from society and other from exterior roads. Mini-mall has
sufficient parking surrounding it.
2. Security Booth ensures security and prohibits entry of outsiders into the society.
3. Worker’s Residence is provided at bottom east corner of the plot having separate
entrance which ensures convenient commute for the workers and prohibits the
entry of other family members not working for society.
4. Low cost Building Wings A1 and A2 is placed at south of the plot and near the
entrance, whereas average cost Building wings B1, B2, B3 are placed at the north
side of the plot enjoying privacy and peaceful environment. Furthermore, High
Cost building wing C1 is placed at west direction of the plot having its own
swimming pool and gym. It is placed away from chaos and enjoys serene
environment.
5. Day-care of the society is a four-storey building located at east direction of the plot
which is well within the outer walls as well as from internal roads of the society to
ensure safety and security to the children. Day-care building is accompanied with
sand pit and play equipment’s for children. It’s third that is the topmost floor is
study and computer room.
6. Centrally provided Recreational open space of 2750 square meter consists of Club
house and temple. Club house is a two storied building with badminton court,
restroom and society office on ground floor and common gym on first floor. This
space is surrounded by 230m length jogging track.
7. Sports are given prime importance by providing a basketball court and two
volleyball courts wherein residents of any age group can spend their leisure time
playing.
8. Sufficient visitors and two-wheelers parking are provided on the periphery of the
plot. Whereas Residents enjoy the facility of underground parking.
9. Sewage Treatment Plant of 340 square meter area is provided at upper Northwest
corner of the plot away from residential buildings covered by trees and bushes to
avoid any foul smell in the society.
The Wing A with two building A1 and A2 of the society are with minimum area
to make the society affordable to low income groups. Each building is of 20 floors and
has kitchen cum dining facility at the ground and first floor and provision of parking in
the basement. Every other floor will have 6 flats amongst which four flats are one bedroom
and remaining two are two-bedroom flats. In cities like Pune there is more demand for
1BHK flats from the lower middle-class people and hence more one-bedroom flats are
made available. Provision of two staircases and three lifts is made in building for vertical
movement along with access to firefighting pipe and garbage chute in every lobby.
In the A wing two bedrooms and one-bedroom flat are sharing a common living
room and such two provisions are made. Also, two one-bedroom flats share a living room
in common thus a floor will have 6 flats but only three living room. A common entrance
for members of both the is provided through the shared living room. Moreover, a separate
entrance through the lobby to passages of every flat ensures privacy and an exclusive
access to their private places. All the flats have a separate balcony, water closet and bath
and a pantry.
In ‘Living in Group’ society, three class B type apartments are provided, and each
apartment has 20 floors. On each floor total four flats are there which has two 3 bed and
two 2 bed flats. Each floor accommodates four families. Total two staircases and three
lifts are provided for each apartment. In the lobby one court-yard is provided for
ventilation purpose. Each floor has access to firefighting pipe and garbage chute. At the
ground floor and first floor of apartment one common mess and dinning is provided
respectively. Parking is provided at the basement.
In class B type flats, 2 bed and 3 bed flats are sharing one common living room;
such two provisions are made to maintain symmetry in planning. In case of 3 bed flats one
master bed is provided with attached toilet. Another Bed room and Kids room shares
common WC and Bath. A common balcony is provided for Kids room and Master bed
room and Bed room has a separate balcony provision. In case of 2 bed flats one Bed room
and one Kids room is provided. Both have common WC and bath and also two separate
balconies. All flats have separate access through lobby so as to maintain privacy and a
common access through living room. The common living room consists of the two
separate pantries.
C Wing Building consists of single building having 20 floors and kitchen cum
dining facility at the ground and first floor and provision of parking in the basement. Every
other floor will have 4 flats amongst which 2 flats are two bedrooms and remaining two
are three-bedroom luxurious flats. Provision of two staircases and three lifts is made in
building for vertical movement along with access to firefighting pipe and garbage chute
in every lobby.
Two and Three Bedroom Luxurious Apartments are planned taken into
consideration privacy, safety and comfort. Two bedrooms flat has one master bed with
balcony and one kids bed room. Common living room between 2 two bedrooms flat and
2 three-bedroom flats is provided. Each flat has its own private entrance and one common
entrance from living room. Apartments have separate WC and bath and balconies.
Provision for gym and spa is made in building itself.
as the building is planned and designed for Platinum recognition, it is entitled for
incentive F.S.I of 7% on basic F.S.I making the allowable F.S.I as 2.14. (37.0)
F.S.I Calculations
Built up area calculation
Built-up area excluding: Porches, staircase lift, duct area
Table 5.4 - F.S.I Calculations
= 46440 / 22600
= 2.05
7. The mall proposed has front marginal distance of 12m on main road of 24m and
marginal distance of 6m from another road. (17.2.2)
8. The front margin 16m is provided from the residential buildings which is greater
than 14m that is required for height of building above 70m up to 100m. (17.2.3(a))
9. Side margins and distance between two buildings is maintained as 16m which is
one fourth of the height of buildings for sufficient light and ventilation. (17.2.3)
= 441000 litres
= 441cubic metre
‘A’ Building -
= 94500 lit
= 94.5 cu.m.
‘B’ Building -
= 63000 lit
= 63 Cu.m.
‘C’ Building -
= 63000 lit
= 63 cu.m.
= 69.3 cu.m.
= 11.25 sq m.
3. All the buildings are planned and designed to ensure fire safety according to part 4
of Fire Protection of National Building Code of India. (19.0) The provisions made
for fire safety according to NBC are as follows.
Fire safety
According to Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures Act 2006, it is
mandatory for all residential societies to carry out a fire audit with the help of a
licensed agency. The rules under section 3 of the Maharashtra Fire Prevention and
Life Safety Measures Act clearly states that it is mandatory that the builder or the
society or the residents have to take cognizance of the rules and keep a check on the
firefighting equipment installed in buildings. It has to be checked from a licensed
agency and a copy has to be given to the fire department. Hence it is mandatory to
provide fire prevention and safety measures in ‘Living in Group’ society.
The design of any building and the type of materials used in its construction are
important factors in making the building resistant to a complete burn-out and in
preventing the rapid spread of fire, smoke or fumes, which may otherwise
contribute to the loss of lives and property. ‘Living in Group’ society is also
designed to resist against fire by using some fire-resistant materials.
Aerated concrete blocks are used in the construction of all 6 buildings in the
society. 75 mm should be minimum thickness of aerated concrete blocks without
finish for fire resistance of 3 hours. Minimum dimensions of reinforced concrete
columns and beams are decided to resist fire for 1 to 4 hours.
The finishing materials used for various surfaces and decor in the flats shall be
such that it shall not generate toxic smoke/fumes. Based on the rate of spread of
flame, surfacing material shall be considered.
Fire escape
Separate circuit is provided for staircase lighting and corridor lighting and it is
independently connected, so that it could be operated by one switch installation
on the ground floor easily accessible to fire- fighting staff.
In all the buildings in the society, automatic fire detection and alarm
facilities a r e provided, where necessary to warn occupants early of the
existence of fire, so that they may escape and to facilitate the orderly conduct
of fire exit drills.
Fire protection
The firef ighting equipment and accessories to be installed in buildings for use in
firefighting is in accordance with the accepted standards (NBC part 4) contained
in and shall be maintained periodically so as to ensure their perfect serviceability
at all times. As all the buildings in the society are of height greater than 60 m., so
wet riser, first-aid hose reels are installed on all the floors of buildings and shall be
in accordance with accepted standards. The first-aid, hose reel is connected directly
to the riser main and diameter of the hose reel shall not be less than 19 mm.
Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in basements which will be used as car
parks.
The society can function well only when there is a proper management in the
society. Improper management may lead to conflicts within the residents of the society
and dis-functioning of the facilities and therefore, the objectives of the society may
not be accomplished. The proper management requires well organized management
committee. Therefore, for the group living society, the organizational breakdown is
given below with its vision, mission and objectives.
6.1 Vision
To provide distinctive, integrated, affordable housing and support services through co-
living for fulfilling lifestyle and to inspire and empower our committee and residents
to create a better, stronger and self-sustainable community.
6.2 Mission
6.3 Objectives
7. Test our members’ satisfaction regularly and change our working methods as
needed to earn our members’ continuing loyalty;
8. Ask our members to meet their financial commitments to Co-operative Housing.
9. Provide simple, easy to use services for all our customers.
10. Defeat financial constraints with creative thinking and imagination.
11. High quality services, continuous improvement and investment in its people.
12. Mutual respect and trust between customers, staff and managers.
13. Activity is socially, financially and environmentally sustainable.
14. Provide well maintained and valued homes that are adaptable as people’s needs
change.
15. Improve the range of housing within our communities.
16. Seek continuous improvement in our service delivery and customer satisfaction.
17. Support our customers to sustain their homes and be active participants in their
communities.
18. Develop and help our people to fulfil their potential.
Sr. Term of
Designation Availability Paid/Unpaid Selection
No. Service
1. Chairman 3 years As per need Unpaid Elected
2. Vice chairman 3 years As per need Unpaid Elected
3. Treasurer 3 years As per need Unpaid Elected
4. Conflict 3 years As per need Unpaid Elected
resolving head
5. Secretory 3 years As per need Unpaid Elected
6. Maintenance 3 years As per need Unpaid Elected
head
7. Finance - Full Time Paid Appointed by
manager committee
8. Legal advisor - As per need Paid Appointed by
committee
9. Conflict 3 years As per need Unpaid Appointed by
resolving committee
committee (6
members)
Working hrs.
Units No (each worker Working area
spends daily)
Building A - 1 8 Common space,
flats & kitchen
Building B – 1 8 Common space,
flats & kitchen
Building B – 2 8 Common space,
flats & kitchen
10(1)
Building B – 3 8 Common space,
flats & kitchen
Building C – 1 8 Common space,
flats & kitchen
Building C – 2 8 Common space,
flats & kitchen
Car cab 2 Parking space
Laundry 2 Laundry room
Sport 2 Indoor game room,
Gym
Daycare 2(2) 4 All rooms, outer
space
Garden 2
Temple 2
Community hall 2
Open spaces in 8
2
society
Note – (1) 10 workers clean 2 apartments daily
(2) Maximum 8 working hours per worker is considered
The chairman is the highest officer of the society and its committee. The chairman is
appointed by holding elections in the society. The chairman is responsible for assessing
whether the committee is achieving the society’s current objectives. The chairman
organizes and conducts the monthly meeting for the management committee and drafts
an agenda and policy in consultation with the members of Management Committee.
Besides, he/she also act as a mediator between Municipal authority and the society.
The role of vice chairman is to assist Chairman and take a role in organization of
monthly meeting. He handles the duties of Chairman in his absence. The vice chairman
directs ethical issues, including the development and maintenance of the society's ethics
codes. The vice-chairman is elected by conducting elections in the society.
The treasurer is responsible for receiving the society's finance, managing dues and
disbursing funds. Treasurer also keeps all the financial records. The treasurer reports
to the Management Committee during monthly meetings and project financial situation
of the society. It is his/her duty to implement innovative ideas to use the funds to help
growth of the society. If society lacks funds, then his/her duty is to suggest creative
ideas to increase the funds for the society in order to meet the financial requirements.
Financial manager:
Any conflicts that may occur in the society on any issue is addressed by conflict
resolving system of the society. The role of conflict resolving system is to form rules
and regulations for the society and pass judgement based on it. It is their duty to update
the rules and regulations. The members of conflict resolving system consist of conflict
resolving head, a legal advisor and six members committee.
In case of any dispute among the residents of the society, the duty of conflict resolving
head is to organize and conduct meetings of the members of conflict resolution system
and take trials. The judgement will be passed based on rules and regulations in
consultation with other members of the system. Conflict resolving head is appointed
by conducting elections within the society.
Legal advisor:
In case of major conflicts, a legal advisor might be consulted. The legal advisor is the
professional person having all necessary information and qualification in the subject of
law. The duty of legal advisor is to give truthful advice that takes into consideration
moral, economic, social and political factors that might affect society's problems. Legal
advisor will be paid appropriate charges as per requirement.
Secretary organizes and conducts meetings with the vice-secretaries and keeps the
minutes of the meeting. Secretary takes the reports from vice-secretaries and keep
record of requirements of the society. Secretary reports to the management committee
and project his report to help improvement of those facilities. Secretary considers any
problem informed by the vice secretary and redirect it to the respective managing body.
The secretary is an elected person from the society.
maintenance or disputes within the society and then convey it to the appropriate
managing body. The/ major issues should be conveyed to the secretary when vice
secretary is unable to address it.
The role of supervisors is to manage the functioning of facilities and take care of its
finance, requirements, staff, new recruitments, distribution of salaries, etc. It is their
duty to keep the records of expenditures, bills, documents and convey the situation or
any problem of the facilities to the Vice-secretary. Supervisors are appointed by
Management Committee.
Maintenance head:
Duty of Maintenance head is to take care of any maintenance issue that arises in the
society. Maintenance head manages the maintenance staff which is categorized into
three groups, i.e. cleaning staff, technical staff and security staff. Maintenance head
will take complaints and convey it to the respective staff based on type of complaint.
He/she will take care of new recruitments, distribution of salaries, keeping the
maintenance documents, records in the safe place, etc. The Maintenance head is an
elected person from the society.
Maintenance charges are required to be levied from the expenses on repairs and
maintenance of the buildings, service charges (housekeeping, security, common area
electricity, equipment’s, etc.), expenses on repairs and maintenance of the lift including
its running charges, parking charges, taxes, water charges, interest on defaulted
charges, expenses on the repairs and maintenance of various common facilities
provided (Mega kitchen, gym, swimming pool, STP, day-care, function hall, etc.)and
its services, etc.
Some of these expenses fluctuates due to some external reasons while other remains
fixed throughout the year. Therefore, the total maintenance cost to be levied is divided
into two parts:
a) Fixed charges:
Fixed deposit is the extra money levied per flat which is then deposited in a bank
account of the society. The interest accumulated on this money is used for the
maintenance of common facilities and its services, expenses on repair and maintenance
of the buildings, expenses on repair and maintenance of lift, etc. This money can be
levied while selling the flat itself in terms of percentage on the total cost of flats (for
e.g. 2% for higher class flats, 2.5 % for middle class flats and 3% for low class flats).
This fixed deposit is compulsory and is used for maintenance and repair of all the
common facilities provided in the society regardless of their use by the residents.
Initially, when the flats or unoccupied, this fixed deposit for flat is paid by builder itself
and deposit it into bank account of the society. For residents living on rental basis, it is
still paid by builder itself until all the flats are sold out. The Builder may then recover
it after selling the flats. The bank account is transferred to the Management Committee
of the society after its formation.
b) Running charges:
It is the money that is levied from the residents per month for variable expenditures
like service charges (housekeeping, security, common area electricity, equipment’s,
etc.), Mega kitchen, water charges, running charges of lift, taxes, etc. The monthly
charges to be levied from the residents is decided by the management committee for
different classes of apartment.
A financial manager is required to keep the track of financial flow for all 6 Apartments
by categorizing them differently. This will help to allocate the budget proportionally to
each apartment according to the amount of money levied from each apartment.
The building sector in India is growing at a rapid pace and contributing immensely to
the growth of the economy. This augurs well for the country and now there is an imminent
need to introduce green concepts and techniques in this sector, which can aid growth in a
sustainable manner.
The green concepts and techniques in the building sector can help address national
issues like water efficiency, energy efficiency, reduction in fossil fuel use for commuting,
handling of consumer waste and conserving natural resources. Most importantly, these
concepts can enhance occupant health, productivity and well-being.
“‘Living in Group’ Society” has been designed with reference to the Indian Green
Building Council’s (IGBC) ‘IGBC Green Residential Societies rating system’ to apply
green concepts and reduce environmental impacts that are measurable.
The methodology used to make ‘Living in Group’ society green in accordance with
the IGBC guidelines is as under
Benefits:
b) Maintenance of Facility
Verification that the building equipment & systems are sustained to achieve
performance as envisaged at the design stage. Demonstration that the residential
site has a contract with an agency which provides efficient building management
practices. Some persons from Organization set up of the society are completed
dedicated to look after the maintenance of the society. Also, the society will have
in place some operation and maintenance personnel for the following systems
• Electrical
• Plumbing
• Landscaping
• Housekeeping
Benefits-
• Reduced energy consumption.
• Improved lifespan of equipment used in the building.
c) Basic Amenities
The site has access to basic house-hold amenities, within a distance of 1 km from
the building entrance
• ATM
• Clinic / Hospital
• Crèche
• Grocery store / Supermarket
• Laundry / Dry cleaners
• Park / Garden
• Pharmacy
• Sports club / Fitness centre / Gym
Benefits-
Benefits-
Increasing population growth and the zones covered with buildings in urban areas
created less comfortable living, lower quality of life for people in cities and on the
larger scale affected the climate change, natural disasters and decreasing
sustainability .As one of the ways for the modern society to overcome these
problems ,in wider picture of the sustainable development ,the modern concept of
green building created which differs in many ways from construction trend that
has been present for years .As responding to the energy consumption , the demand
of green roof technology as passive cooling technique has been recognized
worldwide. Generally, by greening the rooftops in urban areas, the impact of urban
climate as well as indoor climate of building beneath them will be reduced.
Green roof serves several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater,
providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, and helping to lower urban air
temperatures and mitigate the heat island effect. There are two types of green roofs
namely intensive roofs and extensive roofs. Intensive roofs are thicker with
minimum depth of 12.8cm and can support a wider variety of plants but are heavier
and require more maintenance and extensive roofs are shallow ranging in depth
from 2 cm to 12.7 cm lighter than intensive green roofs and require minimal
maintenance.
• Main disadvantage of green roof is that initial cost of installing a green roof is
doubles that of normal roof.
• Depending on what kind of green roof it is, the maintenance cost could be
higher, but some types of green roof have little or ongoing cost.
• Another disadvantage is that the wildlife that they attract may include pest
insects which could easily infiltrate a residential building through open window.
• Green roof requires significantly more maintenance and more energy compared
to standard roof
The type of green roof that will be used is extensive green roof which has
comparatively less thickness with minimal maintenance cost. Approximately
installation cost of green roof is varying from Rs.1650 to Rs. 6500 per square foot
that means normally doubles that of the normal roof.
• Economic benefits through the reduction of energy costs-saving money for the
energy that is consumed in cooling system in summer and winter heating system.
• Initial cost of installing a green roof is high in spite of this financial benefit
that accompanies green roofing.
• Green roofing can extend the lifespan of roof by covering the waterproofing
membrane with growing medium and vegetation that shields the membrane
from ultraviolet radiation and physical damages.
• The installation of a green roof could increase the real estate value.
• Reduction in energy use is an important property of green roofing. By
improving the thermal performance of roof, green roofing allows building to
be better retaining their heat during the cooler winter months and reflecting
and absorbing solar radiations during hotter summer months allowing
buildings to remain cooler.
• Depending on the region in which green roof is installed; incentives may be
available in the form of storm water tax reduction, grants, or rebates.
• Gymnasium
• Yoga / Meditation Centre
• Indoor games
• Swimming Pool
• Outdoor Sports
Need -
i. To overcome the inadequacy of surface water to meet our demands in the society.
To arrest decline in ground water levels.
ii. To enhance availability of ground water at specific place and time and utilize rain
water for sustainable development.
iii. To increase infiltration of rain water in the subsoil this has decreased drastically
in urban areas due to paving of open area.
iv. To improve ground water quality by dilution.
v. To increase agriculture production.
vi. To improve ecology of the area by increase in vegetation cover etc.
The New Delhi-based Centre for Science and Environment estimates that merely
capturing the rain water and run off on 2 per cent of India’s land area could supply
26 gallons of water per person.
Benefits-
There are many uncertainties in water supply systems. Droughts may lead to shortage
of water. Destruction of water supply systems may occur. Major repairs and
maintenance in water companies happen sporadically. All these variables lead to
unavailability of water in the society. So, installing rainwater harvesting system is the
best course of action to continue enjoying water supply in case any of the above
variables occur.
• Ecological benefit
The ecological benefits of rainwater harvesting are immense. An activity like flushing
the toilet, for instance, attributes to about 35% of home water usage. Add up the
amount of water used to irrigate the lawn, do laundry, wash cars and the total amount
water used is simply astronomical. The ecological benefit rainwater harvesting
systems bring is that there will be a significant reduction in the amount of water used
in the society from the mains. This, ideally, means that water companies will not have
to artificially pump in water from rivers and lakes. This will help minimize the
possibility of rivers drying up. Another great ecological benefit of rainwater
harvesting systems is that they help reduced the load placed upon drainage systems,
minimizing the impacts of flooding by funnelling the runoff water into large tanks for
recycling.
• Easy to maintain
Rainwater harvesting systems are considerably easy to maintain since they are not
utilized for drinking, cooking or other sensitive uses. This means that they will not
need installation of purification systems, which are usually expensive. Rainwater
harvesting systems are cost effective, provide high quality water, and reduce
dependence on wells. The surplus rainwater can also be used to recharge ground water
aquifer in society through artificial recharge techniques.
The rainwater harvesting system will have a built-in catchment area on top of the roof,
which is capable of collecting vast amounts of water in case of rain storms. It will
help to reduce soil erosion as by capturing rainwater, the flow of storm water is
reduced which can also prevent flooding. If the water were not collected efficiently,
it could have resulted in serious soil erosion and flooding around the house.
The surplus rain water after storage may be recharged in to ground through
percolation pits or trenches or combination of pits and trenches. Depending on the
geo-morphological and topographical conditions, the pits may be of the size of 1.2m
width X 1.2 m length X 2 m to 2.5 m depth. The trenches can be of 0.6 m width X 2
to 6 m length X 1.5 to 2 m depth. Terrace water shall be channelled to pits or trenches.
Such pits or trenches shall be back filled with filter media comprising the following
materials.
prevents lose soil entering into pits. The projection of the wall above ground shall
at least be 15 cm.
7. Perforated concrete slabs shall be provided on the pits.
8. The terrace shall be connected to the recharge pit by means of hdpe/ PVC pipes
through filter media. The mouth of all pipes and opening shall be covered with
insect proof wire net. For the efficient discharge of rain water, there shall be at
least two rain water pipes of 100 mm dia. for roof of 100 sq.m.
2,10,406 x 1.05=220927.29
Assuming 10 % losses
10 % to gardening
Assuming 10 % losses
10 % to gardening
6+6+ 7+7+7 = 33
There should be at least two pipes of 100 mm dia. per 100 sq.m.of roof area. Hence
providing 3 pipes of 200 mm dia. for low class building having roof area of 283.95
sq.m. to carry rain water and 4 pipes of 200 mm dia. for medium class building
having roof area of 355.56 sq. m.
• Surface drains
Adequate number of surface drains will be provided at equal intervals for effective
discharge of rain water for the rain water flowing on the surfaces like pavements
and parking.
Installation of rainwater harvesting system is not that expensive, plus it’s a one-time
installation, and that’s it. The only routine maintenance required is cleaning out the
tank. There will be an expert technician to install the system. A reduced amount of
water consumption in the home will be observed, thus all utility bills will greatly
shrink in size.
Benefit -
• Water meters can help measure any deviations that can always be diagnosed and
corrected thereby reducing additional water costs.
Description
Installing green plumbing fixture in ‘Living in Group’ society is a crucial step towards
preventing excess water waste.
1) Efficiency Faucets-
These items can be installed on all the faucets in the flat in under an hour. They
provide the incredible benefit of decreasing water flow and boosting efficiency. It is
estimated that a good Water Sense efficiency faucet can reduce a sink flow by more
than 30 percent. That is an average decrease of 2.2 gallons per minute.
Installing a Water Sense efficiency low flush toilet will cut that down to nearly one
gallon. That is an 80 percent savings that will decrease flushed water to just 20 gallons
a day. single-flush toilets also consume significantly more water than their
alternatives, making them more harmful on the environment and costly for water bill.
Dual-flush toilets, by comparison, use much less water and are considered to be
environmentally friendly. Using one can lead to lower water bills, saving your
household money over time. Modern dual flush toilets use only 3/6 litres of water per
flush. This is up to 9 litters less than single flush toilets. Also, aerators for shower
heads and taps will be installed.
Hence all buildings in the society will have these water efficient green plumbing
fixtures.
In general, front loading washing machines are much more water efficient than top-
loading machines. Society laundry will consist of front loading washing machines.
Benefits
d) On-Site STP
Waste water generated on-site will be treated, so as to avoid polluting the receiving
streams by safe disposal and reduce the burden on centralised municipal water
treatment plants. Therefore, provision of an on-site treatment system to treat waste
water generated in the site.
Description of Sewage treatment plant: Untreated sewage is one of the major sources
of pollution. Current practice of sewage treatment which involves long distance
conveyance, requires substantial expenditure. Therefore, as a good practice, many
decentralized sewage treatment plants of small capacity rather than a very few of large
capacity are advisable. All new developments must build in water recycling and zero
liquid discharge system.
Selecting a proper sewage treatment plant is an important task which should take
following points into consideration:
Table 7.1
(Sewage Treatment Process Selection Considerations)
Consideration Goal
SBR technology is provided in the residential society, details of which are given
below:
Process Description
Primary Treatment:
1) Screen Chamber:
Screen chamber helps to remove floating particles from sewage. Screens with clear
openings retains floating materials such as waste paper, plastic bags, etc. from entering
the aeration tank. After passing through the screen chamber, effluent shall be collected
in equalization tank.
2) Equalization tank:
Raw sewage gets collected into equalization tank. The purpose of the equalization tank
is to equalize, collect the raw sewage and to counter the effect of peak load.
Secondary Treatment:
2) SBR Reactor:
The complete process of sewage treatment takes in a single reactor.The complete
biological operation is divided into cycles. Each cycle is of 3 – 5 hrs duration, during
which all treatment steps take place. Two modules are provided to ensure continuous
treatment. Following operations are involved in SBR reactor:
⚫ Anoxic Filling
⚫ Aeration
⚫ Sedimentation/clarification
⚫ Decantation
⚫ Sludge withdrawal
Tertiary Treatment:
1) Pressure Sand Filter:
From SBR, sewage passes through pressure sand filter. The residual suspended matter
left in the treated sewage are removed in the sand filter by passing through layers of
graded sand present in the sand filter. This may help removal of suspended particles
contributing colour and odour.
From pressure sand filter, the treated sewage passes through the activated carbon filter
which contains granular carbon which adsorbs the residual organic matter i.e. residual
colour and odour.
3) Chlorine dosing:
The sewage after filtration is given proper chlorine dosing to prevent disease causing
organisms commonly found in waste water.
The liquid sludge is dewatered in a filter press by solid-liquid separation. The filtrate
from centrifuge is recycled back to equalization tank and the thick sludge can be used
as fertilizer. The treated water can be used for irrigation, gardening, floor washing,
machine washing, toilet flushing, firefighting etc., which in turn reduces cost of intake
water.
Advantages:
1. Excellent effluent quality.
2. Optimization of energy through control of metabolism.
3. Biological nutrient (N&P) removal.
4. Ability to withstand high organic and hydraulic shock loads.
5. It acquires less space compared to conventional sewage treatment plants.
6. High degree of coliform removal.
Table 7.2
(Source -https://www.tradeindia.com/fp3622536/Automatic-Water-Level-
Controllers.html)
Benefits:
Description
LEDs don’t heat up like incandescent, and they last longer and are more
energy efficient than both traditional bulbs and CFLs. Cost pays itself back within
five years of installation, if not sooner, for LED fixtures and bulbs can last for ten
years, if not more. An LED light bulb can reduce energy consumption by 80-90%
and last around 100,000 hours. They even light up faster than regular bulbs
Natural light through well-placed windows, skylights and translucent wall panels.
Even without skylights and bay windows, architects can make light reflect deep
into an interior space through strategic design and placement of windows. If we
all had proper sources of natural light, we would spend a lot less on our energy
bills.
Benefits-
Benefits-
d) Energy Metering
Encouraging sub-metering and continuous monitoring to identify improvement
opportunities in building’s energy performance. Provision of energy meters for the
following, as applicable
• Street lighting
• Measuring power consumption in Club house
Description - Solar energy is not only an energy, and a renewable energy. It is rich
in resources, because of not only it’s free use, but also it needn’t to be transported,
and it produces no pollution to environment. The early solar building just passed
light and heat of the sun in order to light and heat the building. But now, green
building obtains solar energy by adopting “active”. Active solar energy is the
technology used to directly convert solar energy into another form of useful
energy, such as electricity or heat conversion. ‘Living in Group’ society will
consist of Solar Water Heating and Roof Top Photovoltaic System as a part of
active solar. Solar water heating system will be installed on the roof of every
building. Hot water at 60-80°C could be obtained using solar water heater.
Hundred-litre capacity solar water heating can replace an electric geyser for
residential use and saves 1500 units of electricity annually. Use of 1000 SWH’s of
hundred litres capacity each can contribute to a peak load saving of 1 MW.
Estimates of requirements of hot water - some useful thumb rules
(Source-https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/solar-water-heating-system-
14153859373.html)
Taking into consideration the above thumb rules a family of 5 person requires
an average of 175-250 litres of hot water daily. Typically, for an Indian make system
with single BIS approved flat plate collector of 2 sq. m area will capacity of 100 litres,
the current market costs are reported to be in the range of Rs. 15,000-20,000, excluding
the distribution piping. However, this range is indicative, and could vary from
manufacturer to manufacturer.
Description - Solid waste management for ‘Living in Group’ society consists of a refuse
chute for collecting solid waste and composter for composting bio-degradable material.
Following table shows how to handle the solid waste at its source of generation. In our
society provision will be made to handle only biodegradable waste.
There are two types of solid wastes known as Wet waste and Dry waste.
• Kitchen waste including food waste of all kinds, cooked and uncooked, including
eggshells and bones
• Flower and fruit waste including juice peels and house-plant waste
• Garden sweeping or yard waste consisting of green/dry leaves
• Sanitary wastes
• Green waste from vegetable & fruit vendors/shops
• Waste from food & tea stalls/shops etc.
Cost estimation –
Calculation -
Benefits-
(Source-https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/food-waste-composter-for-housing-
societies-14097184312.html)
When organic waste is filled in the composter, increase in moisture level is detected
by a sensor which starts the heating system. As the temperature increases, it activates
the bacteria which breaks down organic waste into compost. At the same time,
moisture in waste is converted into water vapour which is vented through blower into
the drain. This results in nearly 85% volume reduction in compost formed. The
temperature is our composter is high enough that even dairy, fish and meat are easily
composted. The constant temperature and air flow prevent odour and pest problem.
The Composter needs to be emptied only once a week and the compost can be used
in the garden or can be sold.
Cost estimation –
Calculation -
Pune city
Population - 31.2lakh (2011 census) > 20, 00,000
Total waste generation - 0.55kg/cap/day
Biodegradable - 42.51%
Total cost of solid waste management = Cost of chutes + Cost of Eco composter
= 34,56,000 + 2,00,000
= Rs.36,56,000/-
Benefits-
• Fire resistant- they offer fire resistance from 2 hours upto 6 hours.
• Pest resistant- it consists of inorganic materials that helps preventing termites,
damages/losses.
• Sound proof- the porous structure of the AAC blocks results into enhanced
sound absorption.
• Earthquake resistant- lightweight property results into higher steadiness of
AAC blocks in the structure of building
During the manufacturing process, waste from the cutting process is recycled
back with raw materials and used again. AAC uses about 60 to 75 % fly ash which is
waste product. Energy consumed in production process is less than 1/3 times energy
compared to conventional bricks. The manufacturing process emits no pollutants.
The reduced dead weight of AAC block results into reduction of the use of
cement and steel which helps great in cost savings. According to comparative study
of AAC block masonry and conventional brick masonry, 40% cost can be saved in
overall project cost.
2. Tiles-
Vitrified tiles are preferred because of their local availability and economical
compared to other tiles. Hence vitrified tiles can be used in low and medium class
buildings. Leather tiles and wooden tiles are environment friendly but very costly
compared to vitrified tiles. Hence these tiles can be used in medium high-class
buildings.
3. Eco-friendly paints-
Lead-free, non-toxic, protective coating paints for interiors and exteriors of
the buildings in ‘Living in Group’ society are used to improve air circulation,
ventilation and longevity. Hence low VOC paints will be preferred in this society.
VOC’s stands for organic volatile compounds, which are chemical compounds
emitted from most paints and can affect human health. Low VOC paints are usually
odourless and have no chemical solvents, so they will greatly improve indoor air
quality.
Water based acrylics are durable and non-toxic. Asian paint is now providing
high quality interior / exterior water-based paints. water based Asian paints like
Royale lustre which is extremely durable, odourless paint, stain resistance, highly
washable, anti-fungal, quick drying paint can be used in interior of the buildings in
‘‘Living in Group’ society’. Cement paints are environment friendly, has very low
VOC, is easy to apply, while being highly economic. It also has a good covering
capacity, easy mixing character, better resistance to crazing, map cracking and
microbial growth. These paints are locally available.
3.6% cost is saved. Low class and medium class buildings can be painted by
Asian water-based paints. Nerolac paints offers Eco-paints which are costly
compared to Asian water-based paints. But they are highly durable and environment
friendly. Medium high-class building can be painted by Nerolac Eco-paints. Cost-
Rs.450 /lit.
b) Prefabricated material:
Environmental pollution is a challenge being faced by us. We attempt to solve
these problems in order to improve the environmental sustainability of green
building projects by using different construction methods. Prefabricated
construction is one of the environmental sustainability method. In building design
and construction, both green building and standard construction techniques are
considered for many building projects.
The use of precast members has been implied to have numerous compensations
over the conventional methods. A few patterns of such kind could be reduction in
resource deployment, material wastage, less volume of materials to be used, which
intern creates the environmental and site cleanliness over the safety, time of
completion of the project, which are the core management observations. All these
factors discussed indicate and denote that the use of precast is much more
economical, safe compared to that of conventional system.
One important aspect of this perspective is the influence of prefabrication on
construction waste reduction and the subsequent waste handling activities, including
waste sorting, reuse, recycle, and disposal. So we are using prefabricated material
for construction of slab only.
Some of the advantages of prefabricated materials are as follows:
a) Eco-Friendly:
Traditional construction methods require extra materials that lead to
increased waste. This is a considerable improvement over sending waste directly
to a landfill from a traditional construction site. Also, the controlled environment
of a factory allows for more accurate construction, tighter joints and better air
filtration, which in turn allows for better wall insulation and an increase in energy
efficiency.
b) Financial Savings:
One of the greatest advantages of prefabricated construction would be
financial savings. Studies report savings associated with green building including
gains in employee productivity, reduction in health and safety costs, and savings
from energy, maintenance, and operational costs. Additionally, the reduction in
construction time can significantly save on construction financing costs.
Maintenance and energy savings are some other potential benefits of green
buildings. (Fowler, 2004).
c) Flexibility:
Prefabricated construction can be easily be disassembled and relocated to
different sites. This significantly reduces the demand for raw materials, minimizes
expended energy and decreases time overall. Also, prefabricated construction
allows for flexibility in the design of the structure allowing for a limitless number
of opportunities.
d) Consistent Quality:
Since prefabricated construction occurs in a controlled manufacturing
environment and follows specified standards, the sub-assemblies of the structure
will be built to a uniform quality. Construction site-built structures are dependent
upon varying skill levels and the schedules of independent contractors. These all
contribute to the craftsmanship and overall quality of given structure.
e) Shorter Construction Time:
Portable construction takes significantly less time to build than on-site
construction. In many instances, prefabrication takes less than half the time when
compared to traditional construction. This is due to better upfront planning,
elimination of on-site weather factors, subcontractor scheduling delays and
quicker fabrication as multiple pieces can be constructed simultaneously. Precast
construction technique enhanced the quality of work, save time, reduced the cost
of construction required for maintenance of work.
f) Precast concrete is healthy:
Indoor air quality is a concern for all of us. Precast concrete is stable
throughout its life and does not need chemical treatment to protect it against rot
and insect attack: this means that there are no emissions in the internal
environment.
g) Precast concrete is safe
Everybody knows that concrete does not burn! Not only is the structural
stability maintained for longer periods, but concrete construction prevents the
spread of the fire from one building to another. It is sufficiently strong to resist
impacts, blasts and natural catastrophes like earthquakes, tornadoes and floods.
h) Precast concrete is versatile:
Factory production allows a wide choice of surface finishing, color range
and special shapes. Precast concrete has another advantage: its mould ability which
entails designers to copy classical details like keystones and capitals or match the
finish of materials like weathered stones. The precast concrete industry can source
a wide range of aggregates locally and offer a tremendous variety of colours and
visual effects. So, the prefabricated material for slab is used in our construction.
Green Residential Societies can also result in substantial National benefits which are:
• Water Conservation
• Energy Efficiency
7.3.1 Checklist
Thus, the ‘Living in Group’ society with 69 credits will get Platinum rating with
recognition of Global Leadership.
8 Smart Building
The following attributes indicates the need for various technology and management
systems in ‘Living in Group’ society. The successful integration of these systems will
produce three dimensions of building intelligence.
1. Building should know what is happening inside and immediately outside.
2. Building should decide the most effective way of providing a convenient,
comfortable and productive environment for its occupants.
3. Building should respond as quickly as possible to the occupant’s requests.
Se
There will be an app for smart phone users which will be developed for the members of
society. All the details of medical records of residents will be noted in the app. Also birth
of new born baby will be noted which will remind about vaccination of baby through
notifications on their cell phones. If someone is having a health issue, the app will remind
about medication, when to have it and at what time/ day it was taken previously. The app
will also remind to pay off bills and through app one can easily pay electricity bills, mess
charges, maintenance charges, laundry charges etc. Booking of function hall and car cab
system will be done through the app on first cum first basis.
8.2.2 Security
As this society is specially for dual earner couples, the security of their children and
grandparents is major issue. Hence following systems are adopted for security in the
society. The security system includes controlling access, surveillance and communication.
1. Access control
Access control restricts how and when people enter and/or exit an area. For example,
low class building people cannot enter in high class building without permission.
Access Control Systems allow people or vehicles into a restricted area of a building
via identification through a supervisor. Systems can be programmed to allow certain
users to enter the gym and swimming pool facility only at certain times. All the
residents are allowed to enter locations like club House, park, track, temple, grounds
at all times.
2. Swipe Card Access System
Swipe Card Access System allows entrance to a secured area, through the "swiping"
of a pre-programmed card with magnetic strip through a reader. All people in this
society will be use swipe card keys for their flat to ensure more security purpose.
8.2.3 Life Safety and Surveillance
This consists of the use of high technology to maximize the performance of fire alarm and
security systems while at the same time minimizing costs. Life safety factors involved in
all 6 buildings include:
• Reduced manpower dependence,
• Closed-circuit television(CCTV),
• Card access control,
• Smoke detection,
• Intrusion alarms,
• Emergency control of lift,
• Uninterruptible power supplies.
Many Building Automation System have alarm capabilities. If an alarm is detected, it can
be programmed to notify all members in this society. Notification will be given through
an audible alarm. Security systems can be interlocked to a building automation system.
9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
Now a day in the metropolitan cities scarcity of space is one of the big problem
which directly effects on increased inflation rate of flats in apartments. So ‘Living in
Group’ concept suggests solution to this problem by providing common room which is
remain unutilized most of time in working couple’s family. A successful economic
development strategy must focus on improving the skills of the provision of appropriate
area for living comfortable life with reduction of cost to complete thrive in today’s global
economy. So, to have more economical benefits concept of ‘Living in Group’ concept is
introduced. Along with the social benefits there are economic benefits too which are
discussed as follows:
Table 9.1 - Area comparison between conventional flats and LIG flats
Sum of area
of combined
Dimensions Sum of area Area
of kitchen kitchen,
No. of of rooms in reduc
Buildi & living living room
bedroo Combine tion
ng ms Convention room in & pantry in
al d flats in
type conventiona ‘Living in
in flat apartment l apartment perce
Group’
(ft.) (sq. ft.) ntage
society (sq.
ft.)
Living room
12’ X 14’
1BHK
1 Kitchen &1BHK 459.84 330.02 28.23
8.2’X7.5’
A
Living room.
14’X15’ 1BHK&2B
2 Kitchen- HK 513.3 365 28.9
9’X8.2’
Living room
16’X14’
2 Kitchen
10’X9.5’ 2BHK
Living room &3BHK
B 727
16’X18’
454.88 37.43
3 Kitchen
10’X12’
Living room
18’X20’ 2BHK
2 Kitchen &2BHK 940 589.21 37.34
10’X11’
Living room
18’X24’ 3BHK
C
3 Kitchen &3BHK 1150 648.41 43.61
11’X13’
Dual earner couples have to spend much of time in office places and have to do
day’s hectic work. This type of lifestyle increases their stress level and also due to their
busy schedule they unable to find time to spend with other people which results create gap
between people. The ‘Living in Group’ society can give some intangible benefits which
help to reduce their stress level and binding relationship among other people which
improve their social quality of life.
1. Kitchen-
In ‘Living in Group’ society there is provision of common kitchen and dining for
working couples and their family members. In society, each building comprises mega
kitchen and common dining facility which is situated at ground floor and 1st floor.
The main objective of providing this facility is to eliminate tedious and time-
consuming job of cooking for dual earner couple so due to this resident can spend
quality time with their family and maintain peaceful living in family and also can
enjoy healthy homemade food which helpful for maintaining their health.
This type of facility minimizes workload of household activity and also creates
some considerable economic benefits. In families, if couples are working then it will
become difficult for them to cook food for their family because of their high work
load. Also, for middle class family it will not be affordable to have a maid
individually. In this situation, they prefer food parcel stuffs from hotels and
restaurants which finds unhygienic and costly. Most of the times, they prefer mess for
food wherever it is available. So, the common kitchen facility in the society gives a
solution to this problem by providing hygienic food within affordable price. Also,
they would not have to go for longer distance which means indirectly there is a
reduction in transportation cost as common kitchen is available in the society itself.
This helps to step forward in economic development.
Other indirect benefit of this facility will be the residents in society share the
common dining hall therefore it can create opportunities for mixing with other
residents which can help to relief stressful life some extend. Also, this helps to
maintain good attachment to other people, good mental health and increasing
In ‘Living in Group’ society Car cab system is introduced to make the commuting to
workplace easier. Execution of this system can ultimately lead to long lasting
impacts on the economy. Direct benefits for travellers are:
Faster travel and reduced waiting due to more frequent service helps in time savings
which increases productivity of individual’s work and flow of income.
Execution of this system helps to reduce transportation cost (including travel time,
consumption of fuel, vehicle operating cost, accidents and pollution damages).
Reduction in traffic congestion for those travelling by their own individual’s car,
leading to further direct travel cost saving for households.
Provision of car cab system may enhance safety by reducing collisions and associated
insurance cost, personal losses and emergency response cost.
3. Day-care-
As dual earner couples have to spend much of time in their workplace and if
these couples have children then it is difficult to look those children after going to
their workplace. Some workings couple has a high work load thus they unable to
complete this responsibility effectively which may cause a huge impact on the future
successes of their children and also fails to give proper rites and ritual. So, child care
facility in housing society reduces above problems and help to maintain healthy
relationship between couple as they are free from their children responsibility during
work time and hence this enables the working couple to do continue work normally
without being interruption. This facility also useful for those single working mother
or father who have to work outside the home and need to care taker for their children
for full day time. On other hand this child care facility creates employment within
society as care taker or teacher or nannies required for taking care of children. The
first few years of a Childs life are important to form a basis for
good education, morality, self-discipline and social integration and these can achieve
by providing this facility.
In society, residents are from different places and also from different religions
and community having their own cultures and festivals. Every people eager to
celebrate their own festivals but today’s world, people are too busy in their schedule
to have time for others. In our society function hall and temple gives flexibility to
celebrate different types of festivals and cultural program which give a reason to
enjoy, to mingle and to live a peaceful moment, away from stress and worries among
residents and helps to binds the people with different religion and community.
Festivals mend the broken hearts and bind the relationship. People have a fresh start,
leaving mistakes, worries behind, with new hope people look forward towards life. A
meaningful celebration can fill a person life with joy and love. Festivals are important
to give a meaningful boost to our lives, removing negativity and pressure, festivals
fill it with joy and peace. Every religion has different festivals and may be the reason
to celebrate them are different, but goal is same-to celebrate life.
Places where people can display their culture and identities and learn awareness of
diversity and difference which give opportunities for children and young people to
meet, play or simply ‘hang out’. All they will get important benefits and help to create
local attachments, which are at the heart of a sense of community.
As we know it is difficult to find shelter affordably in urban area for low income
group which work on daily basis. For those people our society provides
accommodation facility and giving employments which help to increase their living
standard results in great future for their children. By providing accommodation for
these people we can indirectly reduce slum development rate which help to improve
quality of their life, health, physical environment (for example the water supply,
sanitation, waste collection, electricity, drainage) and social wellbeing.
In group living society with enough space for recreational facility like gym,
parks etc. can be source of improvement of physical as well as mental health of
residents. Old age people in urban area feels loneliness because they hardly find the
people with same age around them so by giving some recreational facility these old
people gather together and can take away their loneliness. Recreation facility in a
society is a place which can provide opportunities for social interaction, social mixing
and social inclusion, results in exchange of ideas, friendships, skills, help to
neighbourhood’s relation, cultural and economic exchanges occur and can facilitate
the development of community ties.
Neighbourhood
Residents in society share their living room with neighbour which results in
initiates for maintaining the neighbourhood relations. This neighbourhood relation
can increase the feeling of safety and security and can also give family support by
becoming the source of help and good advice which create satisfactory environment
among residents.
Green new buildings can have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible,
includes a reduction in energy cost and potentially a healthier, more productive work
force. Sustainable design offers significant advantages in the areas of energy and
water use reduction, air quality improvement, and increased material efficiency.
Nonetheless, justifying green on cost analysis a complex process to be sure. There are
number of economic advantages to sustainable building, including such as immediate
savings in the area of utility cost.
Green roof
Study of green roof concept shows that lifecycle cost of green roofs can be
retrieved in most of the markets around the world. Average initial costs are shorter
than lifespan of green roof. Provisions of some incentives, tax abatements, direct cash
rebate, low interest loans are made by government for construction of green roof.
Along with that there are some economic benefits through the reduction of energy
costs; it helps in saving money for the energy that is consumed in cooling system in
summer and winter heating system. Construction of green roof increases property
value also.
10 CONCLUSION
Role conflicts, stress and strain arise in managing the professional and personal
obligations among dual careers which affect their career and goals. To solve their
problems, meet their demands and help them maintain work life balance ‘Living in Group’
Society was planned. The society will bring the community together focusing on co-living.
After studying the various papers on dual earning couples, it was ascertain that all
over the world the life working couples is challenging and there is a need to bring about
change to help them maintain work life balance. In India also, the situation is no different
as the papers depict high level of stress in dual earner couples while managing work and
family.
10.2 Survey
The extensive survey of the individuals from working couples helped to identify their
struggles and requirements. It portrayed the need to modify the lifestyle to make it
convenient and fulfilling through ‘Living in Group’ society. Need assessment was the
main objective of survey. After analysing the responses, the requirements of various
facilities like day-care, a kitchen cum dinning facility, laundry, mini mall, gym where
recognized. Also, the various suggestions to give special attention to privacy, security and
financial management were included. The survey finding were vital in planning the
society.
10.3 Planning
Planning of society was done in accordance with the Development Control and
Promotion Regulations for Pune Municipal Corporation (DCPR-2017). Optimising space
by providing common spaces and adopting flexibility principle along with maintaining
privacy of occupants was achieved through proper planning. The society is planned to
accommodate 504 families from various income groups. The 22600 sqm layout
encompasses six residential buildings, a mini mall, day-care, club house, gym, swimming
pool, basketball, volleyball court and a large recreational open space with temple and a
jogging track. The facilities required were provided ensuring convenient life in ‘Living in
Group’ society. The planning was done adopting green, sustainable and smart techniques
based on Building and Planning Principles.
10.4 Socio-Economic
The ‘Living in Group’ society has both tangible as well as intangible benefits over
conventional societies. Justifying the tangible benefits is a complex process and hence the
various intangible benefits like reduced efforts and time consumed in maintaining homes,
reduction in stress levels, transportation cost, neighbourhood, increased security and sense
of community etc. are elaborated in the socio-economic feasibility chapter. The area
reduction achieved through sharing of spaces in the ‘Living in Group’ society compared
to conventional ones demonstrates that ‘Living in Group’ concept optimises space making
it affordable.
The society is planned to satisfy the IGBC Platinum rating which gives it
recognition of Global Leadership. It avails various National Benefits as well as incentive
F.S.I due to this recognition. The various green methods like the solar panels for water
heating, rainwater harvesting, solid waste segregation, organic waste management and
sewage waste treatment are designed considering 2520 residents. Smart techniques
adopted ensures better security, quality of living as well simplified operation for users and
administrators.
‘Living in Group’ focuses on creating a convenient home and has both tangible and
intangible benefits including reduction in energy cost and potentially a healthier, more
productive work force. Sharing of spaces and facilities ensures affordable and sustainable
living. It will provide dual earner couples fast and effective service along with simplified
operations and management providing them a better, stress free and secure environment
with improved sense of community. It is an attempt to redefine the housing system and
lifestyle of people for fulfilling and contented life.
11 REFERENCES
11.1 Papers
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(http://irjbm.org/irjbm2013/Oct2014/Paper6.pdf)
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122548/)
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(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122548/)
(http://www.isec.ac.in/)
(http://journals.sagepub.com/home/jfi)
(https://www.ashwinarchitects.com/green-building-materials-india/)
(https://nerolac.com/decorative-paint-products/interior-paints/impressions-ecoclean)
(https://www.thisoldhouse.com/ideas/best-new-green-materials-your-interior)
(https://www.slideshare.net/refquest/eco-friendly-interior-materials)
(https://www.poplarnetwork.com/news/payback-period-low-flow-toilets-cost-offset-water-
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(https://aapkapainter.com/paints)
(http://www.greenroofs.org)
(http://www.greenroofs.com/Greenroofs101/industry support.htm)
(http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/ngrba/003_EQP_S&R_02.pdf)
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https://youtu.be/QwGRh_kUaok
https://youtu.be/9kQefp1m49E
https://youtu.be/B6GSUQAYTm8