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Effective Reproduction Schedule for K=5 under Tournament Selection
5
Expected # copies of Individual in the Mating Pool Expected # copies
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
T UlX $K [ o ! #" $ &%

Percentile Individual in the Population (by fitness)
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A learned, executable
signal classifier
Signals
Program Classification of Signals with Known Labels

Labels
Program Response Errors Relative to Correct Labels

Orchestration
Program
Distribution
and
Reproduction
Based on
Response
Errors
Genetic Recombination of Population Programs Legend:
NP program

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Signal Classification FH W i * Output(Discrimination-Solution )
i
i=1
W1 W2 WC
W3 W... WC-1
At this layer, a set of discrimination-solution confidences
is taken and orchestrated.
This level of orchestration returns a classification, not
S
FL
a confidence (as does the lower level orchestration).
Discrimination-SolutionI Confidence V j * Output(Program )
j
j=1
V1 V2 V3 VB
V... VB-1
Prog I Prog I Prog I Prog I Prog I Prog I Prog I At this layer, a set of B evolved programs is shown a signal.
1 2 3 ... ... B-1 B
Each program examines that signal and returns a confidence
that the signal comes from some class I.
Then these confidences are orchestrated and that
orchestration returns a discrimination-solution confidence
Signal for class I.
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Discrimination-solutionI Confidence a confidence level.
In this simplified PADO strategy only one program is chosen

Prog I
for each discrimination-solution, so there is no
orchestration at this level.
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0.8 Evolved (Fitness Proportionate) Orch

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Weight-Search Orch
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NP evolution using IRNP and Fitness Proportionate Orchestration NP evolution using IRNP and Weight-Search orchestration

1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7
0.7
Fitness Proportionate Orch Weight-Search orchestraiton
0.6 Weight-Search AND Evolved Orch
Fitness Proportionate AND Evolved Orch 0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations Generations
NP evolution using IRNP and Prog-Search orchestration NP evolution using IRNP and Nearest Neighbor orchestration
1 1
0.9 0.95
0.8
0.9
0.7
Prog-Search Orch 0.85
0.6 Nearest Neighbor Orch
Prog-Search AND Evolved Orch
Nearest Neighbor AND Evolved Orch
0.5 0.8
0.4 0.75
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations Generations
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Create initial population of Neural Programs

Compute Function Sensitivity Approximations
Determine each program’s fitness over the training set

Keep statistics on the outputs of each node of each program
new population
Create a Credit-Blame map for each program
Accumulate explicit Credit-Blame values using collected statistics
Refine Credit-Blame map using bucket brigade procedure
Fitness Proportionate Selection Mating-Pool
Genetic Recombination Operators act on Mating-Pool

Use Credit-Blame map for program p:
MUTATION(p, Credit-Blame map for p)
CROSSOVER(p, Credit-Blame map for p)
IRNP additions to EC
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1
0.9
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REAL Indexed Memory
CONTROL Indexed Memory
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NP evolution in PADO on the Generic Signal Domain

1
0.95
0.9
REAL Indexed Memory
CONTROL Indexed Memory
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations
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!{.>4> y !
XZY[X]\1XEÎ_ `Wa:b@c _ d 4e 1
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4) y 4%
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UqEr . r r
}; L[ 2S A e L;
À ¼)r% $*')7$,73{I% $ $,7%¹$
1111 $!:
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%$! $,4~&311 $!%1
4)
sqr
a I
+2$,% 7C !@$! &$T<$,>4 x 4?E$ x 5! y !6¼S NM ! &$,{.+5
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r
>; ; >;
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) %2C7$,+2)0!:
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) x GT$6&

te
a P; A
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250 250 250 250
200 200 200 200
150 150 150 150
100 100 100 100
50 50 50 50
0 0 0 0

0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250
>"
!! T >G
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!! T
250 250 250 250
200 200 200 200
150 150 150 150
100 100 100 100
50 50 50 50
!#"#$ % &% (' '

0 0 0 0
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0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250
[ S RQ .S .; A r Uqr
^;
4? $B! x
)&C x *T+ &
%$@¼O NM
)&C ¼ y 4%
)&C y ? À ¼]
!#
(? "C) 6>47{.
.
.; [ )S
E$($,) $,%"$BT+~ 4)0
) &$,1
1! x $,
)9!$,$0
34)~&,
!$!@`h{.3 y CRQO$,$,)7#11 $!
UqEr
.; A ;
:
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) ) @$TT4$,)0T~76
@T)&!GC$,1
~ >4$3+5
4) x 4?E$ x
T+ &
%$!@¼S NM YW$,<>4<74) r ¼ 1
+5!TY y A $!$!%
+2$6 y : $B!:
%4) !%1
%$,$! x . $
r r .
.;
,
)P!$,$&
$
%$! $,4~&D: $B!:
%4)9"!~&$,%$,%&
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:: $B!:
%4)
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0
UqEr
À ¼Z&
!3) %"T$
~ >4 4+ E<$C*)2% $$TQO$T<$,) $!%!K
! y $,>4>E
!3 $$TT4$,)0T6{J
>4 +
; S _ 9;
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; ; ; 9;
H
1 W4)7r)$
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k7j j i j j k k i i i/j i j tj k Cr
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m

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; A ,; Q a _à0.
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>4
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M;
E"! E~E>4$,+ x-À )r{
T¼O NM ¿&)&CE!(
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.; A
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%'+ ?E1
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e
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>[Y y $,)A>4 74)E2
@ $!$
Ie
A >; ; >;
:
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)&T$Y $,$ A4)V+2)&C2&
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.;
~&$!0
U¼S NM 0
!($,<$/@C) $Y&~ ? $6$, &$T$BC &$,{.%+5
)&'$N>$,<$,>&{.&
($, &$,)&C? %$6{
[ S WQ S ; ;
T+ ? :
)&
>S$TQO x
Uqr
; };
À ) ? %$! x
)&C x 7YI $1
E&!=! y &
À ¼ <7"C$!U!>47>P>4$B!!(%&
)
r{
T
y 64)0T$
!$4)Zd4n k
,o d'p k
/qxDH T$,)&TY8
!F3"!#$T{.$/$BC==)r% "!D0
%$,,YG!! W$/$CL+9$
!? $C=)
Q

0.9

0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65 WITH IRNP recombination
WITHOUT IRNP recombination
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
!#"#$ % #"
'-(<O , C 4AJ9>0<> H
F0<> H K >Q470AH5H@? Z G4A@9D7H=59D7H47F?I9AD?0A=5>J
Generations

0.95
0.9
0.85 WITH IRNP recombination

WITHOUT IRNP recombination
0.8
0.75
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
!#"#$ %'-('<P, #" Generations

C34A@9>0<> H
! "# F0<> H$ K >% 4A@9 47F?:Z&\470 HH(' =59[=59 D H47F?B9AD?0A=5>J
; X; .; + ,;
J;
&$,{.+5
)&T$ W$/#T+ ? :
%4)0
>7$TQO x ¼K$,{.+
)&T$3G!+2$B
!?E$C64)=$,) $,:
>
4) &$,:T$,)71
$
@; ;
T$BT@)5E$N%$!!$, x@ + ? 1
)&
>I$TQO@G!+2$
!? %$Cr4)5$,) $,:
)&! x
);
$=%$!@{3E$C+5
)&!4)5E"!&
$/
$ !?5'4$,)7>2CR5'? >4D4)P%&
@¿&)&C74) 9
&$,{.$T
+ 2e Td
; .;
!>4? %4)` x $ x Y&
9!>? )V%&
*$,) $,:
> ,$! &$,{.$BT>WaD"!@4)&'$C~ >49? ) >4 $,>4 x y $,<$/,Y{.U G!
2e Uqr
S _ 9; >; A _.
$/) $,G!4)0
>OC+
4)Y#"!{
4%>46>4 $,>4 x () % $, E4$T$3{I$,+ E4G,
>$,<7"C$,)0T$)N{
,<#{ À ¼
Uqr te
P; a A .;
"!J&
#<$, 4)0C$ &$,)&C$/)J$, W$/4+9$,):!TY¼O NMy 4% ?E À ¼ y
!K)E>4
!K> $,>*(¿0)&C
UqEr
'; ;

W$/{.$T!>? )V~72$,)E$,1
4)
!¼S 6M $,<><) 4)5E$T)%$,@{ À ¼ x&H + "/
>4>Y
E$N0
1C7$,@ $ %~ >$,+VY7 $6%$
%$,@E$N$'5T$,)&T8
) %<7"C7$Cr~7 UqEr
À ¼ x
@[ *) o £#¤ IR #+
N¸© Ä²3¦§%²«U¥J£¯T¦&ª|± ¶A²3¦&² ±³£K©0£#¦ -, ®U² « NMD£#¤
L;H; WQ ; A r UqEr
; `; Z;
&$,)0C4 x C$B!T%4~&$!I $@<
%4?&! &
:
+2$,%$,1!I{ $ ¼S 6M Y ¼KY
)&C À ¼V!E!$/+5! xJ $,%$
Uqr
}; ); 7;

%$*
*)7? +~W$/K{ &
1
+9$,$,:!`$ x x Y¼K ? >"
)S¹ ,$aI%&
3% $,$@G!#>44%>$$B
!)r%!?&! &$T À ¼
.; #;
"!~E4%>$ y 5$! &$T@ x3 $,%$=
$* $/ &
:
+2$,%$,1!'Y y $,<$,,Y{. y "124@G! &!!4~ >$6&

UqEr
À ¼ y ?E>"CP~&$ 4 >4A!$,)&!<$ x $T>4$B
$B!$,
+ >$!{ !?0 &
:
+2$,%$,1!
%$ $%$,>"
$C

L
= ) T


1

0.9
0.8
0.7
IRNP Nearest-Neighbor
0.6 IRNP Weight-Search
0.5
0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
!#"#$ %h')( ,
C34A@9>0<> H " F0<> H K >Q470AH5H@? Z G4A@9D7H AJ>6 4A@9 47F? \470AH5H ' =59"=59D7H47F:Z
Generations
?I9AS?0A=5>FKJ
; dD g j j k g k j k g k
[ .
&
1
+9$,$, f 1 s d'f w df d'pb cEep dD
)0CZbeb o p w d'f d'pb cEep d x
g j j k g k j k g k
a/. , [ ,S RQ S S V;
IE"!SE$!G!TY f 1 s d'f w d'f d'pb cEep d&&
!S~&$,$/)^¿0$CU

)&CZbeb o p w d'f d'pb cEep d

;
&
!N~&$,$,)P¿&7$CZ
2x ? %$! x Y x YJ
)&C x y $,$
>4>3$,)E$,1
$C y Z 8!$ &
%"'? >"

g j j k g k j k g k
c;
<
>? $!L{. f 1 s df w d'f d'pb cEep d
)&C_beb o p w d'f d'p7b cEep d x¯ "!9!$T%4) %$!$,)71!9
Uqr
?;
C$,<7"
)V{.+½% $!$r<
>? $!
!=
5C$/+2)&!:
)Z&
À ¼ %<7"C7$!6!4) ¿W,
)76~W$/) $T¿&:!^)
; [ S RQ S S
~&%E$VT%!!<$,
)&C+r?E1
%4)}$'+~ 4)&
)!1
$,4$! x }% "!=$,)0CSYF% $P$/ &$,%4+2$,)71!
g j j k g k
a/. . V[ S R_ KS S S
%$!$,)7$BCP4) ? %$! x Y x YJ
)0C x A
%$r $/$$BC) $ y f 1 s df w d'f d'pb cEep d!$,6%
j k g k b
>;

)&CZbeb o p w d'f d'pb cEep dU!$,6 9x 4? $B! x Y x YJ
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NP learning in PADO in an acoustic classification domain
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
!#"#$ % '-(+*O , C34A@9>0<> H

X F0<> H K > Q470AH5HJ?:Z G4A@9D7H=9D H47F?I9AD?0A=5>J #" Generations
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0.75

0.7
0.65
0.55
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
!#"#$ %'-(+* < , " Generations

C34A@9>0<> H !
X F0<> H K >#\4A@9:47F? \470 HH(' =59[=59 D H47F?B9AD?0A=5>J

0.8
0.75
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0.65
0.6
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0.45
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0.35
0.3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
!#"#$ % ')(+* /,C34A@9>0R> H 03?IHX F0<> H' =@?BH$ K > %5 % %
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$
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m
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r
d; Qà 9;
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.;
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0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
IRNP and Weight-Search and Timestep Threshold = 20
0.5 IRNP and Weight-Search and Timestep Threshold = 10
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
!#"#$ % ')(+* , C34A@9>0R> H 03?IH X F0<> H K >-Q470AH5HJ?:Z G4A@9D7H=59D7H47F?I9AD?0A=5> A@>6h
Generations
% %
#$ % $

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0.75
0.7
0.65
IRNP Nearest-Neighbor Timestep Threshold = 20
0.6 IRNP Nearest-Neighbor Timestep Threshold = 10
0.55
0.5
0.45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
!#"#$ %'-(+* , bC 4AJ9>0<> H\0 ?BHX F0<> H$ K > 4A@9 47F? 470AH5H ' =9[=59D7H47F?I9AD?0A=5>=A@>6
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% %
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0.75

0.7
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0.6
0.55
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0.5 IRNP and Weight-Search and Timestep Threshold = 10
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
!#"#$ % Generations
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?IH9:47FBH =@C36FKJ

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0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
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0.6 IRNP Nearest-Neighbor and Timestep Threshold = 10
0.55
0.5
0.45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
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NP evolution in PADO in the Hand-help Images classification domain

0.55
Computational Effort in Generations

0.5
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0.3
0.25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
!#"#$ #&%(' () 1345 F4/6-05 E81 H/6>) - /19234=@3 H Test-Set generalization performance: Percentage Correct
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1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6 1 STD Above WITH IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch

1 STD Below WITH IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
1 STD Above WITHOUT IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
0.5 1 STD Below WITHOUT IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
0.4
! "$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 32 *465 67 &89;:<9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations
'! /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7!
G G

G

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!"$#%
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1

0.95
0.9
0.85 1 STD Above WITH IRNP recombination and Nearest-Neighbor Orch

1 STD Below WITH IRNP recombination and Nearest-Neighbor Orch
1 STD Above WITHOUT IRNP recombination and Nearest-Neighbor Orch
1 STD Below WITHOUT IRNP recombination and Nearest-Neighbor Orch
0.8
0.75
! "$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 32 *465 67 &89 <9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations
(' '! /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7! *)

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
1 STD Above IRNP Nearest-Neighbor

0.6 1 STD Below IRNP Nearest-Neighbor
1 STD Above IRNP Weight-Search
1 STD Below IRNP Weight-Search
0.5
0.4
! "$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 32 *465 67 &89 9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations
(+ '! /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7! -,
PADO learning using Weight-Search orchestration on the Generic Signal Domain

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
1 STD Above IRNP Weight-Search C60M36

1 STD Below IRNP Weight-Search C60M36
0.6 1 STD Above Without IRNP Weight-Search C60M36
1 STD Below Without IRNP Weight-Search C60M36
0.5
! "$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 32 *465 67 &89 <9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations
/. '! /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7! *0
G
1

0.95
0.9
0.85
1 STD Above IRNP Nearest-Neighbor C60M36

1 STD Below IRNP Nearest-Neighbor C60M36
0.8 1 STD Above Without IRNP Nearest-Neighbor C60M36
1 STD Below Without IRNP Nearest-Neighbor C60M36
0.75
! "$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 32 *465 67 &89 <9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations
'! /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7!

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
1 STD Above IRNP Nearest-Neighbor C60M36

0.6 1 STD Below IRNP Nearest-Neighbor C60M36
1 STD Above IRNP Weight-Search C60M36
1 STD Below IRNP Weight-Search C60M36
0.5
! "$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 32 *465 67 &89;8<9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Generations
'! /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7!

0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
1 STD Above NP -WITH- IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
0.4 1 STD Below NP -WITH- IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
1 STD Above NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
1 STD Below NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
0.35
0.3
! "$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 32 *465 67 &89 <9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Generations
'! /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7!

G

.

.
!"$#%
&

0.8
0.75

0.7
0.65
1 STD Above NP -WITH- IRNP recombination
1 STD Below NP -WITH- IRNP recombination
0.6 1 STD Above NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination
1 STD Below NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination
0.55
0.5
0.45
"$# &%*'*),+-) - 0 32 *465 7 8<9 <9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Generations
. '! 3 /.%3* N! 0'*
2$4%3*@!

0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
1 STD Above IRNP Weight-Search
0.45 1 STD Below IRNP Weight-Search
0.4
0.35
0.3
"$# &%*'*),+-) - 0 32 *465 7 8<9 9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Generations
. '! 3 /.%3* N! 0'*
2$4%3*@!

0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5 1 STD Below NP -WITH- IRNP recombination
1 STD Above NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination
0.45 1 STD Below NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination
0.4
0.35
0.3
"$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 2 *465 67 &8<9 :<9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Generations
)
'! 3 /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7!
G =
0.85

0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6 1 STD Below NP -WITH- IRNP recombination
1 STD Above NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination
1 STD Below NP -WITHOUT- IRNP recombination
0.55
0.5
"$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 2 *465 67 &8<9 <9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Generations
) '! 3 /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7! &)

0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.45 1 STD Above IRNP Weight-Search
1 STD Below IRNP Weight-Search
0.4
0.35
0.3
"$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 2 *465 67 &8<9 9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Generations
) ' '! 3 /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7! ,
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
1 STD Above IRNP and Weight-Search and Timestep Threshold = 20
0.5 1 STD Below IRNP and Weight-Search and Timestep Threshold = 20
1 STD Above IRNP and Weight-Search and Timestep Threshold = 10
0.45 1 STD Below IRNP and Weight-Search and Timestep Threshold = 10
0.4
0.35
0.3
"$# &%('*),+.-) /- 10 2 *465 67 &8<9 8<9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Generations
) + '! 3 /.%3* +! 0*
2$4%3*7!

G TH

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0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
1 STD Above IRNP Nearest-Neighbor Timestep Threshold = 20
0.6 1 STD Below IRNP Nearest-Neighbor Timestep Threshold = 20
1 STD Above IRNP Nearest-Neighbor Timestep Threshold = 10
0.55 1 STD Below IRNP Nearest-Neighbor Timestep Threshold = 10
0.5
0.45
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NP evolution in PADO in the Hand-Held Image classification domain

0.55
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0.4
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0.35 1 STD Below NP -WITH- IRNP recombination and Weight-Search Orch
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1 STD Below NP -WITH- IRNP recombination and Nearest-Neighbor Orch
0.3
0.25
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DR Astro Teller's Thesis

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DR Astro Teller's Thesis

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