1.

0 SUMMARY:

A baghouse (BH, B/H), bag filter (BF) or fabric filter (FF) is an air pollution control
device that removes particulates out of air or gas released from commercial processes or
combustion for electricity generation. These baghouses are often used to control emission of
air pollutants usually by power plants, pharmaceutical producers, food manufacturers, steel
mills, chemical producers and other industrial companies. In the late 1970s, the use of
baghouses became widespread thanks to the invention of high-temperature fabrics which are
used in the filter media and are capable of withstanding temperatures over 350 °F
[ CITATION Mel17 \l 1033 ]. The objectives of this experiment are to know the operating
system of the pulse jet bag system, to study the effect different number of filtering bag, and to
determine the efficiency of the filtering bag in removing particulate matter in air. Finally, to
study the efficiency of the filtering bag. The result obtain is for the weight of kaolin powder
collected for two and four filtering bags are 153g and 167g respectively. The kaolin powder
lost from two filtering bag is 47g and from four filtering bag is 33g. Then, the efficiency of
the pulse jet bags for two filtering bags and four filtering bags are calculated. The efficiency
for two filtering bags is 76.5% and for four filtering bags is 83.5%. Based on the calculation,
pulse jet bag system with four filtering bags is more efficient compare to two filtering bags.
Pulse jet bag system with four filtering bags is more efficient because the quantity of kaolin
powder trap in is more. The more the number of filtering bags, the higher the amount of dust
trap due to the total filtering area bags is more to trap the dust. The dust that will be collected
in the dust collector will be decrease. The more the bag put into the bag house, the higher the
removing particulate matter in the dust collector. Various weaving patterns such as plain
weave, twill weave, or sateen weave, increase or decrease the amount of space between
individual fibres. The size of the space affects the strength and permeability of the fabric. A
tighter weave corresponds with low permeability and, therefore, more efficient capture of fine
particles. Thus, the ideal expected results could be achieved.
2.0 OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the effect of varying total filtering area to the separation efficiency.
2. To study the efficiency of the pulse jet bag filter in removing particulate matter.
3. To compare the weight calculated between 4 filtering bags and 2 filtering bags.
4. To determine the efficiency of filtering between 4 filtering bags and 2 filtering bags.
5. To understand the important of dust pollution control by using fabric filters.
6. To familiarize with jet bag equipment in the laboratory.

3.0 INTRODUCTION & THEORY:

 A baghouse (BH, B/H), bag filter (BF) or fabric filter (FF) is an air pollution control
device that removes particulates out of air or gas released from commercial processes or
combustion for electricity generation. These baghouses are often used to control emission of
air pollutants usually by power plants, pharmaceutical producers, food manufacturers, steel
mills, chemical producers and other industrial companies. In the late 1970s, the use of
baghouses became widespread thanks to the invention of high-temperature fabrics which are
used in the filter media and are capable of withstanding temperatures over 350 °F
[ CITATION Mel17 \l 1033 ].

Figure 1. Types of Baghouse Configurations

In pulse-jet baghouses, individual bags are supported by a metal cage (filter cage),
which is fastened onto a cell plate at the top of the baghouse. Dirty gas enters from the
bottom of the baghouse and flows from outside to inside the bags. The metal cage prevents
collapse of the bag. Bags are cleaned by a short burst of compressed air injected through a
common manifold over a row of bags. The compressed air is accelerated by a venture nozzle
mounted at the reverse-jet baghouse top of the bag. Since the duration of the compressed-air
burst is short (0.1s), it acts as a rapidly moving air bubble, traveling through the entire length
of the bag and causing the bag surfaces to flex. This flexing of the bags breaks the dust cake,
and the dislodged dust falls into a storage hopper below. Reverse-pulse-jet dust collectors can
be operated continuously and cleaned without interruption of flow because the burst of
compressed air is very small compared with the total volume of dusty air through the
collector. Because of this continuous-cleaning feature, reverse jet dust collectors are usually
not compartmentalized [ CITATION Fin12 \l 1033 ].
 The bag house is divided into two sections: top and bottom sections. The top section
is made of mild steel and connected to the compressed air tank that is part of the pulsed-jet
cleaning mechanism. The bottom section is made of durable clear polycarbonate with dust
collector in the form of removable drawer. Student can view through this bottom section the
filtering and cleaning activities of the bag filter system. The cleaning mechanism consists of a
compressed air tank, a solenoid valve with remote selectable timer and a portable air
compressor. Four units of polyester fabric filters are installed in a row inside the bottom
section of the baghouse[ CITATION Fin12 \l 1033 ].

Woven filters have a definite repeated pattern. Low energy cleaning methods such as
shaking or reverse air allow for woven filters. Various weaving patterns such as plain weave,
twill weave, or sateen weave, increase or decrease the amount of space between individual
fibers. The size of the space affects the strength and permeability of the fabric. A tighter
weave corresponds with low permeability and, therefore, more efficient capture of fine
particles[ CITATION Fin12 \l 1033 ].

This cleaning system works with the help of digital sequential timer attached to the
fabric filter. This timer indicates the solenoid valve to inject the air to the blow pipe. The
short cleaning cycle of reverse-jet collectors reduces recirculation and redeposit of dust.
These collectors provide more complete cleaning and reconditioning of bags than shaker or
reverse-air cleaning methods. Also, the continuous-cleaning feature allows them to operate at
higher air-to-cloth ratios, so the space requirements are lower[ CITATION Mel17 \l 1033 ].

4.0 DATA & RESULT:

 Numbe Weigh Efficienc
r of t Weight y (%)
Bag Loade Calculate
d (g) d (g)
2 200 153 76.5
4 200 167 83.5

Efficiency

Filtering bags 2

Weight Calculated ( g ) 153 g

efficiency ( )= X 100= X 100=76.5
Weight Loaded ( g ) 200 g

Filtering bags 4

Weight Calculated ( g ) 167 g

efficiency ( )= X 100= X 100=83.5
Weight Loaded ( g ) 200 g

Efficiency (%) VS Number of Bag

86

84 83.5

82
Efficiency(%)

80

78
76.5
76

74

72
2 4
Number of Bag

5.0 ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION:

 The objectives of this experiment are to know the operating system of the pulse jet
bag system, to study the effect different number of filtering bag, and to determine the
efficiency of the filtering bag in removing particulate matter in air. Finally, to study the
efficiency of the filtering bag.

This experiment is using pulse jet bag system in removing the particulate matter. The
removing of particulate matter is done by placing in the pulse jet bag system with different
number of filtering bag which are two filtering bags and four filtering bags. The feed used in
this pulse jet bag system is kaolin powder.

Pulse jet bag filters or pulse jet filters are also commonly called pulse jet
baghouses[ CITATION KPS17 \l 17417 ]. In a pulse jet filter, the bags are cleaned by
introducing a high-pressure pulse of compressed air at the top of each bag. The mechanism is
the kaolin powder will enter into the system. Then, the kaolin will trap in the filtering bag
while other kaolin that is not trap will be collected in the dust collector container.

Pulse jet filters are continuous self-cleaning units. A high-pressure blast of clean, dry
compressed air is injected into each filter element at periodic intervals. This air is stored in a
reservoir called a header. Several purge pipes are attached to the header and extend into the
clean air plenum above rows of filter bags or cartridges. Holes are drilled in the purge pipes
directly above each of the filter elements. Several elements are cleaned by one purge pipe. A
solid state timer controls a solenoid that opens a diaphragm valve allowing air to flow from
the reservoir into the purge pipe and filter element. The element experiences a shock wave
while air is forced through it in a direction opposite to the dirty air flow. A portion of the dust
cake will fall away from the bag into the filter’s hopper. It is normal for some of the dust to
re-entrain itself onto the filter element [ CITATION Fal09 \l 17417 ].

The kaolin powder used in the feed is 200g. The result obtain is for the weight of
kaolin powder collected for two and four filtering bags are 153g and 167g respectively. The
kaolin powder lost from two filtering bag is 47g and from four filtering bag is 33g. Then, the
efficiency of the pulse jet bags for two filtering bags and four filtering bags are calculated.
The efficiency for two filtering bags is 76.5% and for four filtering bags is 83.5%.

Based on the calculation, pulse jet bag system with four filtering bags is more
efficient compare to two filtering bags. Pulse jet bag system with four filtering bags is more
efficient because the quantity of kaolin powder trap in is more. The more the number of
filtering bags, the higher the amount of dust trap due to the total filtering area bags is more to
trap the dust. The dust that will be collected in the dust collector will be decrease.

6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

 In conclusion, the objectives of the experiment were to study the efficiency of the pulse
jet bag filter in removing particulate matter in air and to study the effect of varying total
filtering area to the separation efficiency. Based on the results obtained, it can deduce that it
is been proved that the pulse jet bag filter or bag house is high in the collecting the particulate
matte according to the theory where we get 76.5% for 2 bag and 83.5 % for 4 bag which is
considered as high efficiency. In our laboratory experiment of 4 bag are higher than 2 bag.
The more the bag put into the bag house, the higher the removing particulate matter in the
dust collector. There were few possible errors that can occur during the experiment. Firstly,
not accurately cleaning the pipe because it still has dust. Secondly, the parameter of time and
the number of shot (10) from the pulse jet bag filter was not accurately 10 shot.

There was recommendation to overcome the possible errors. Firstly, this experiment can
be improved by cleaning each of the pipes to be smoother when the experiment started.
Besides that, some modification on the pulse jet bag filter could be done such as fixing the air
flow rate for inlet. By doing it so, it can be obtained the higher efficiency of the venturi
scrubber. Next, change the bag filter into woven filters materials. There was a definite
repeated pattern. Thus, low energy cleaning methods such as shaking or reverse air allow for
woven filters. Various weaving patterns such as plain weave, twill weave, or sateen weave,
increase or decrease the amount of space between individual fibres. The size of the space
affects the strength and permeability of the fabric. A tighter weave corresponds with low
permeability and, therefore, more efficient capture of fine particles. Thus, the ideal expected
results could be achieved.
7.0 REFERANCES:

city, F. (2009). Pulse Jet Bag Operation and Maintenance manual. AIRLANCO, 1-31.

Findanis, N., & Southam, M. (2012). Control and management of particulate emissions. Procedia
Engineering, 4, 228-238.

Shah, K. P. (January, 2017). Working, Design Considerations and Maintenance of Bag Type Fabric
filters. Retrieved from Practical Maintenance: http://practicalmaintenance.net

Zhang, M. (22 November, 2017). Baghouse Filter Bag. Retrieved from Linkedin:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-industrial-dust-collector-baghouse-filter-bag-mellisa-
zhang

8.0 APPENDICES:
Calculation of Efficiency:

Filtering bags 2

Weight Calculated ( g ) 153 g

efficiency ( )= X 100= X 100=76.5
Weight Loaded ( g ) 200 g

Filtering bags 4

Weight Calculated ( g ) 167 g

efficiency ( )= X 100= X 100=83.5
Weight Loaded ( g ) 200 g