Chapter 1

Background of the Study

This chapter describes the background of the study, statement of the

problem, and scope and delimitation. This chapter also describes the significance

of the study and definition of terms.

Introduction

The emergence of social media in the 21st century has paved way for

media interaction among variety of users: professionals, students, stakeholders

and the government. With the advancement of technology and stimulation of

social media in people’s lives, life was made easy and has been useful for

development academically, socially, and politically for any that is connected to it

(Oghenetega, Oyenike&Ugeh, 2014). Furthermore, social media is also widely

used in the industry of business. Businessmen and women use this as a tool in

promoting their firm as well as their products and services. In the educational

aspect, the old curriculum education has shifted to a technology-based one,

which is one of the most fast-paced facilities that one could observe now. Social

media is an integrating tool of education that improved national development in

the education sector. It had affected the communication between people in

education community positively. The rapid growth in technology, especially the

internet, has made the learning system in institutions of higher education to

become publicly adaptable by everyone, not limited to students.

 Social media as a concept has been variously defined. One of such

definitions describe it as a multi-purpose platform and a web-based technology

which has the ability to allow the sharing of videos, text, sound and images in a

more collaborative and interactive manner (Kaplan and Haelein, 2010).The

introduction of social media in this digital era has deeply enhanced interactions

and communication globally. The dependence and reliance on social media sites

by people across the globe in their day-to-day activities make it necessary for

researchers to find out more about the different usages of these sites on users.

The presence of social networking sites made every information across the globe

spread quickly.

Social media brings easy access to global communication, sharing,

creating and expressing ideas and information to a worldwide scope. In the

Philippines, about forty-four (44%) of the total population in the year 2016

accessed social media. The presence of social media appealed to kids as young

as 6 years old. Even kids as young as 6 years old gained knowledge in

accessing social media. In this digital era, more and more people gained

knowledge and see through the impact of social media in their lives.

To give more emphasis on social media, classification of social media

platforms would be discussed. Social media can be classified into different types

of platforms: (a) social news, (b) social networking sites, (c) micro-blogging sites,

(d) blogging sites, (e) blogs and forums. Example include: social news, i.e.

Reddit; social networking sites, i.e. Facebook; blogging sites, i.e. Tumblr and

2
Pinterest; micro-blogging sites, i.e. Twitter; and blogs and forums, i.e. Jimdo and

Wordpress.

The use of social media plays a variety of roles to students as highlighted

by Al-Khalifa and Garcia (2013), which include providing a media to share ideas

as well as allowing students to build their own communities to collaborate with

each other, facilitating the art of learning and reaching out to the students in

order to understand and teach them at the same time. These media provide

different helpful usages to variety of users specifically to students.

Statement of the Problem

The aim of the present study is to determine the social media usage of

Grade 12-ABM Students of Mindanao State University-General Santos City.

Specifically, it aims to;

1) Determine the frequency of social media usage;

2) Identify which among the social media sites is commonly used by the

respondents:

a. Facebook h. Google+

b. Twitter

c. Instagram

d. YouTube

e. Pinterest

f. Tumblr

g. Flickr

3
3) Determine the role of social media to the respondents:

a. Information Provider

b. Entertainment

c. Socialization and Communication

d. Reviews and Opinions

Significance of the Study

The study is significant to the students, teachers, and other researchers.

This study is significant to the student for they will be informed of different usages

of social media. In effect, this study will help them in better utilization of social

media in different fields.

This will provide clear information to the teachers about how social can be

used in any form and for them to know better techniques in utilizing social media

to different academic fields. In effect, better teaching tools will be demonstrated

by teachers for the betterment of learners.

The result of this study may serve as a basis for future studies of other

researches which are related to the topic. The findings of this study can also

serve as a conceptual framework of their study.

Scope and Delimitation

The focus of this research work is to primarily study social media usage of

Grade 12 ABM students of Mindanao State University-General Santos City.

Moreover, the social media is determined through to these usages; as

4
information provider, entertainment, socialization/communication, and reviews

and opinion.

The information and data needed in the study will be limited to the

information and answers of Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management

students in Mindanao State University-General Santos City. And other

information will be provided by the school’s library and internet.

Definition of Terms

The following definitions are given to these words since a word may mean

differently if put in a different context. The definition of these words used is

intended to be understood for the purpose of this study:

Social Media. They are forms of electronic communication which facilitate

interactive base on certain interest; includes web and mobile technology; web

applications that students use, i.e. Facebook, Youtube (Oshrasive, Peter, 2015).

As used in the study, it is the factor that might affect the academic performance

of the Grade 12 ABM students which researchers try to examine.

Social Networking Sites. Website that is designed to help people

communicate and share information, photographs etc. with a group.

(CambridgeDictionary,org, n.d.). Moreover, it is a kind of site respondents of this

study used to visit.

ABM. Accountancy, Business, and Management, a strand in the senior high

school program. Furthermore, it is the strand of the respondents of this study

(Grade 12 ABM Students).

5
Students. Persons formally engaged in learning, who is studying at a school or

college (Dictionary.com, n.d.). As used in the study, this is group of people who

uses Social Media.

Usage. Is the degree to which something is used or the way in which it is used

(Collins English Dictionary, 2010). In this study, it refers to the purposes of

social media to the Grade 12 ABM students.

CHAPTER 2 PLEASE

6
 CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This chapter describes the conceptual framework, respondents, and

instruments of the study. Researchers also describe the data gathering

procedure, statistical treatment of the study.

Research Design

This research study will use descriptive method of research to gather data

and information. The purpose of using this method is to describe the current

status of the variable using statistical analyses. Data collection is observed in this

research design and to quantify the gathered data, the researchers will use

quantitative method. The researchers decide this kind of research to provide

depth, detailed and rational results and conclusion for the study.

Research Method

In gathering data and information for this study, the researchers will be

using Qualitative-Quantitative, non-experimental research method. Quantitative

method will be used because it focuses on gathering numerical data to explain a

particular phenomenon. Qualitative method will be used because it relies to a

depth understanding of the sample. And the main aim of the study is to evaluate

the response of the sampling population regarding a given set of statements

through hypothesis testing. It is also non-experimental because the study relies

7
on the observation of results to come up with the conclusion since the variables

cannot be manipulated. Questionnaires will be given to the survey samples to

answer for more time-efficient and easier collection of data.

Respondents of the Study

In this study, the target population is the Senior High School students in

Mindanao State University who uses social media. The respondents of this study

are from the Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and Management Students in

Mindanao State University - General Santos who use social media. The number
𝑁
of respondents is determined using Slovin’s formula (𝑛 = 1+𝑁𝑒 2). After computing,

the number of respondents is 55, at 10% margin of error from an estimated

population of 120 Grade 12 ABM Students.

Sampling Method

In this study, the researchers will employ Non-probability sampling since

this method is done by selecting respondents in which the members of the entire

population do not have an equal chance of being selected as samples. The

researchers will randomly choose Grade 12 ABM students in Mindanao State

University- General Santos City Senior High School who are using social media

in order to avoid biases.

8
Instrument of the Study

The researchers will use survey questionnaires in order to gather data

(answers) which will be analyze in the later days. The questionnaire is divided

into three sections. Section I was for collection of information or personal data of

respondents while section II consists of elicited responses from the respondents.

Furthermore, in the section III of the survey questionnaire, the researchers will

adopt the Likert Scale (Strongly Agree-5, Agree-4, Neutral-3, Disagree-2, and

Strongly Disagree-1) on their survey form. After the data have been collected, the

researchers will interpret the result through graphs and tables.

Researchers choose this kind of instrument since it is easily done and not

time-consuming. Also, it is an efficient instrument to gather data.

Validation and Reliability of the Instruments

The research instrument will be validated using a validity tool and also

through consultations with the research advisers and panelists. The possible

results of questionnaire will represent or measure the variable or a certain

phenomenon that the researchers are claiming.

Method of Data Gathering

The researchers conducted the study in five steps; first, the researchers

will validate their survey questionnaires. Second, the researchers will ask

permission from the Mindanao State University- General Santos City Senior High

School Department. Then, questionnaires will be given to Grade12 ABM students

9
who use social media. After that, the researchers will gather the survey forms.

Lastly, the answers of the respondents will be analyzed by the researchers.

Method of Data Analysis

The researchers will conduct the data analysis for statement of the

problem 1 and 2 by using weighted mean or average to determine the general

response of the respondents.

Statistical Treatment

1. To determine how often do Grade 12 ABM students use social media,

and the common usages, and the role of social media to Grade 12 ABM students,

the researchers will use the Weighted Mean to determine the average answer of

the respondents to each question on the survey with some weight on the result

than other elements in the set.

∑𝑓(𝑥)
The formula in computing Weighted mean: 𝑋̅ = 𝑛

Where:

𝑋̅ - weighted mean

∑ - summation

f – weight given to each respondent

x – number of respondents

n – total number of respondents

10
 Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

This chapter describes the analysis of data followed by a discussion of the

research findings. The findings relate to the research questions that guided the

study. Data were analyzed to identify, describe and explore the role of social

media to Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management Students.

Out of one hundred twenty students from Grade 12 Accountancy,

Business and Management Students, 55 respondents were chosen for the non-

probability sampling. The first part of the questionnaire consists of personal

information about the respondents such as name, age, sex, strand and section.

The second part of the questionnaire consists of the elicited responses from

respondents. The third part of the questionnaire adopted the Likert scale

(Strongly Agree-5, Agree-4, Neutral-3, Disagree-2, and Strongly Disagree-1) on

their survey form.

Frequency of Social Media Usage (in a week)

3.64 %
5.45 %

21.82 %

69.09 %

Once a week 2-4 times a week 5-6 times a week Everyday

Figure 1. Frequency of Social Media Usage (in a week)

11
 Out of 55 respondents, 38 respondents reported that they use social

media every day, which is 69.09% of the total number of respondents. This

means that most of the students use social media in their everyday lives. This

also indicated that they social media has become part of their day-to-day activity

and therefore, can be regarded as an active social media user. On the other

hand, 12 respondents said that they use social media 5-6 times a week, which is

21.82% of the total number of respondents. This implies that in a week, they

access social media nearly every day. Only three students mentioned that they

use social media 2-4 times a week. They comprise 5.45% of the total number of

respondents. This revealed that there are still students who use social media for

gathering information or when it is important. However, this may also indicate

that accessing social media is not important to them. Lastly, the findings revealed

that two students are only using social media once a week, which is 3.64 % of

the total number of respondents. This indicates that they rarely use social media

at all, and do not regard social media as important in their daily lives.

Most Commonly Used Social Media Sites

GOOGLE + 2
TUMBLR 3
FLICKR 7
PINTEREST 22
YOUTUBE 43
INSTAGRAM 29
TWITTER 39
FACEBOOK 55
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 2. Most Commonly Used Social Media Sites

12
 Based on the data presented in figure 2, it shows that all of the

respondents use Facebook (100 %). It is followed by Youtube, wherein 78.18%

of the respondents are reported to use the media sharing site. Twitter garnered

the third highest for most used social media site (70.91 %), followed by

Instagram (52.72%). The least used social media site is Google + (3.63%).

The data suggests that Facebook is the most used social media site by

Accountancy, Business and Management Students. As the data suggests, this

social media site provides a lot of convenience for people. They use it for

gathering information whether it is for school-related work, societal and political

information. They also use it for entertainment purposes because they can like

their friends’ posts, share photos or status updates, and even watch relevant

information that they may find useful. Most of the respondents also use Youtube.

Through this website, they can watch as many videos as they like. This site is

also helpful in gathering information.

The table below will be the basis of the graphs. This table shows the

ranges of averaged and weighted mean and their corresponding description.

Range Description
0-1 Strongly Disagree
1.01-2.0 Disagree
2.01-3.0 Neutral
3.01-4.0 Agree
4.01-5.0 Strongly Agree

Table 1.Description of Variables

13
 Social Media as an Information Provider
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Source of Political Source of Societal Source of School works Average Weighted
Information Information Information mean

Figure 3. Social Media as an Information Provider

From the figure above, it shows that the respondents strongly agreed that

social media serves as an information provider for them. The data are deduced

using the formula of weighted mean and average weighted mean. With a

weighted mean of 3.58, it shows that the respondents agree that social media

has a vital role in providing information in the world of politics. In addition to that,

the chosen Grade 12 ABM students strongly agreed that they seek social media

for information connected to the current situation of the society and to their

school works with a weighted mean of 4.33 and 4.56 respectively.

The findings also show that respondents strongly agree that social media

serves as an information provider with an average weighted mean of 4.16. This is

maybe because social media has a critical role in providing them necessary

political and societal information as well as information needed for their studies.

ADD MORE, CONNECT TO RRL

14
 Social Media as a tool for Entertainment
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
For downloading music For watching favorite For playing games Average Weighted
and videos dramas and movies online mean

Figure 4. Social Media as a Tool for Entertainment

Figure 4 shows that Grade 12 ABM students of Mindanao State

University-General Santos City strongly agreed that they use social media

because these serve as an entertainment to them. The data are deduced using

the formula of weighted mean and average weighted mean. Using social media

for downloading music and videos and for watching favorite dramas and movies

garnered weighted means of 4.49 and 4.38 respectively which suggests that

respondents strongly agreed to it. With a weighted mean of 3.55, data shows that

social media is used for playing online.

The findings reveals that social media as a tool for entertainment has an

average mean of 4.14 which shows that the respondents of Grade 12 ABM

students of Mindanao State University-General Santos City strongly agreed to it.

Social media is being used for entertainment purposes which involved

downloading their favorite music and videos, watching their favorite online

dramas, and playing games online. ADD MORE, CONNECT TO RRL

15
 Social Media as a tool for Socialization
4.70
4.60
4.50
4.40
4.30
4.20
4.10
4.00
3.90
3.80
3.70
For collaborating with For communicating For meeting new Average Weighted
peers online with family, friends, people and new mean
etc. far away friends

Figure 5. Social Media as a Tool for Socialization

Based on the data above, it suggests that there is a strong approval that

social media is used for socialization and communication. The data are deduced

using the formula of weighted mean and average weighted mean. Collaborating

with peers online, as a usage of social media had garnered a weighted mean of

4.55, using social media for communicating with family, friends, etc. away from

them had collected a weighted mean of 4.65 and meeting new people and

gaining new friends by using social media had a weighted mean of 4.07. These

weighted mean that the respondents strongly agreed to each statement.

The graph above shows that being a tool for socialization as a role of

social media is strongly agreed by the respondents, which has an average

weighted mean of 4.42. Students put emphasis on using social media for

socializing and communicating. Their socialization involves collaborating with

their peers online, communicating with their family and friends far away, as well

as to meet new people and gain new friends. ADD MORE, CONNECT TO RRL

16
 Social Media as a tool for Reviews and
Opinions
4.10
4.00
3.90
3.80
3.70
3.60
3.50
For expressing my For exhibiting my For widening Average Weighted
personal views projects and improve knowledge through Mean
through comments interactions in articles
and pages

Figure 6. Social Media as a Tool for Socialization

The figure above shows that the Grade 12 ABM students strongly agreed

that they are using social media for the purpose of reviews and opinions. These

include the expression of their personal views toward certain issues, which has a

weighted mean of 3.75, exhibiting school projects and activities and improving

through comments and opinions of other users with a weighted mean of 3.67,

and for the improvement of their knowledge through interaction of different users

to the articles, pages, news, and etc. had a weighted mean of 4.02. These

weighted mean reveals that respondents agreed to the first and second

statement while they strongly agreed to the third one.

The data above reveals the respondents agreed that they are using social

media for the purpose of reviews and opinions, which has an average weighted

mean of 3.81. These include the expression of their feelings through status

update, interactive communication between users for the development of their

school projects and activities, and for the improvement of their knowledge

17
through interaction of different users to the articles, pages, news, and etc. ADD

MORE, CONNECT TO RRL

Usages of Social Media

4.50
4.40
4.30
4.20
4.10
4.00
3.90
3.80
3.70
3.60
3.50
Information Provider Tool for Entertainment Tool for Socialization Tool for Reviews and
Opinion

Ave. Weighted mean

Figure 7. Usages of Social Media

Figure 7 reveals the roles of social media in terms of being an Information

Provider, Tool for Entertainment, Socialization and Reviews and Opinion. The

data are deduced using the formula of weighted mean and average weighted

mean. From the gathered data, it shows that being a tool for socialization has the

highest extent in the role of social media. It may be because the students put

more emphasis on using social media for socializing more than other aspects.

Nevertheless, all of these usages of social media are agreed by the respondents.

18
 Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusion and

recommendations. The findings relate to the research questions describes the

role of social media to Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management

Students.

Summary of Findings

The overall purpose if the study was to determine the frequency of the

student’s social media usage, the common sites used, and the different usages

of social media.

In line with the statement of the problem and theoretical framework of this

study, thus determined the social media usages of the Grade 12 ABM students in

Mindanao State University

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were

drawn

In this study, the researchers found out that almost all of the students

used social media in their everyday lives and

Recommendations

19
 Based on the conclusion, the following recommendations are

proposed:

1. The questionnaires can serve as a satisfactory self-evaluation for the

social media usages of students.

2. The findings of the study can be used in the review and revisions of the

continuing education programs for students in connected to social media.

3. Social media has a lot of usages in the life of students and these should

be used as a beneficial tool by the parents and institutions to the students.

4. A further research related to the study may be undertaken to determine if

these usages have effect on the students.

5. The study may be tried out in other school to prove its effectiveness and

applicability.

20
BIBLIOGRAPHY PLEASE

21
 Appendices

A. Research Questionnaire

Mindanao State University

Senior High School Department
Fatima, General Santos City

Social media paved the way for faster communication. Moreover, these media
are not only limited for communication but for many purposes which include
information provider, entertainment, reviews and opinions, and many more. This
questionnaire will know the frequency of social media usage, the most visited social
media site and as well as the different roles of social media to the Grade 12 ABM
students of Mindanao State University-General Santos City.

Name (optional): Section:

Age: Sex:

I. Check () the blank that corresponds to your answers.

1. How often do you use social media (in a week)?

____Once a week
____2-4 times a week
____5-6 times a week
____Everyday
____Others Specify_______

2. Which social media sites do you commonly use?

____Facebook ____Pinterest
____Twitter ____Tumblr
____Instagram ____Flickr
____YouTube ____Google+

II. Check () the number that corresponds to your answer for each statement
(5-Strongly Agree, 4- Agree, 3-Neutral, 2- Disagree, 1- Strongly Disagree).

Questions 5 4 3 2 1
Information Provider
I use social media as a source of political
information.

22
I use social media as a source of societal
information.
I use social media as a source of information for my
school works.
Entertainment
I use social media in downloading music and videos.
I use social media for watching my favorite dramas
and movies.
I use social media for playing games online.
Socialization
I use social media for collaborating with my peers
online.
I use social media as a primary tool in
communicating with my family, friends etc. far
away.
I use social media to meet new people and gain new
friends.
Reviews and Opinions
I use social media help me express my personal
views towards certain issues. (i.e. status update)
I use social media to exhibit my projects and to
improve my outputs through comments and
opinions of different users (i.e. posters/drawings).
I use social media to widen my knowledge through
the interactions of users to the different articles,
pages, news, and etc.

23
 B. Letters
Republic of the Philippines
Mindanao State University- General Santos City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

April 17, 2018

SHEILA J. LOABLE, MS
Senior High School Faculty
Mindanao State University
General Santos City

Dear Maam Loable,

Good day!

The undersigned are Grade 12 ABM research students of Mindanao State University –
General Santos City undertaking a research entitled SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE OF
GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS, AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS IN
MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY-GSC. The study specifically aims to 1.)
Determine the frequency of social media in Grade 12 ABM students, 2.) Identify which
among the social media sites are commonly used by the respondents and 3.) Determine
the role of the social media on the respondents in kind of (a) Information provider, (b)
Entertainment, (c) Socialization, (d) Reviews and Opinion

With your expertise, we are humbly asking your permission to validate the attached self-
made questionnaire, for the study using the attached rating tool.

We are looking forward that our request would merit your positive response.

Thank You and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

Lynn Nicole Lauron

Jehannah Barat

24
Mark Loyd Defensor

Noted by:

Allan D. Reyes
Research Teacher

25
 Republic of the Philippines
Mindanao State University- General Santos City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Questionnaire for Validation

Directions. Please encircle the number of the rating that corresponds to your choice using the
rating scale provided below.

5 – Excellent
4 – Very Good
3 – Good
2 – Fair
1 – Poor
A. Clarity of Directions and Items 5 4 3 2
1
The vocabulary level off question suits
the level of the respondents. The directions
and the items are written in a clear and
understandable manner.

Comments:

B. Presentation / Organization of Items 5 4 3 2

1
The items are presented and organized
in a logical manner.

Comments:

C. Suitability of Items 5 4 3 2
1
The items appropriately represent the
substance of the research. The questionnaire
is designed to determine the factors that are
supposed to be measured.

26
 Comments:

D. Adequateness of Items per Problem 5 4 3 2

1
The items represent the coverage of
research problem adequately. The number
of questions per area represents enough
of the questions needed.

Comments:

E. Objectivity 5 4 3 2
1
Each item requires only one indicator. No
aspect of the questionnaire suggests bias
on the part of the researcher.

Comments:

F. Attainment of the Purpose 5 4 3 2

1
The instrument as a whole fulfills the
objective to which it was constructed.

Comments:

Validator

Reference:
Gascon, C., Fuentespina, D., Fabregar, W., &Nunag, M. (2016). The Impact of NDEA Test in the Course
Preference of Grade 10 Students in Notre Dame – Siena College of General Santos City. 39-40. 27