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    133 views7 pages

    Salim Yilmaz Paper PDF

    Uploaded by

    Salim Yilmaz

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ene SPECIAL REPORT Horizontal Shellside Thermosiphon Reboilers Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers are much more effective at low temperature differences than kettle and vertical thermosiphon units. Salim B. Yilmaz, Heat Transfer Research, Inc. orizontal shellside thermosiphon reboilers are shell-and-tube heat exchangers that are positioned horizontally and boil the process fluid on the out- side of the tubes (shell side). They are used commonly in petroleum and chemical processing plants to vaporize pro- cess fluids and generate steam. ‘The horizontal thermosiphon reboiler installation, Figure 1, has two types of feed systems: recirculating and once- through. Both feed systems can be used for distillation col- tumns, but only the recirculating type is used with fire-tube waste heat boilers that have a steam drum in place of the distillation column. The process liquid feed flows through a downcomer (inlet piping), and the two-phase mixture from the reboiler returns to the distillation column or the steam drum through a riser (exit piping). The density difference between the liquid in the column and the two-phase mix- ture in the heat exchanger and the riser causes the ther- mosiphon circulation through the reboiler. ‘The heating medium (hot fluid) flows inside the tubes in single or multiple tube pass arrangements. The hot fluid could be steam, hot oil, process fluid (gas or liquid), or S.B. Yilmaz, a research engineer at Heat Transfer Research, Inc. specializing in boiling heat transfer and two-phase flow research, correlations, and model development, has authored a number of pa- pers on boiling, enhanced surfaces, and the design of reboilers and ‘heat exchangers. A lecturer in chemical engineering at the Unie. of Southern California, he earned his B.S.Ch.E. degree from Bospho- vous Unie. and his MS. and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from the Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Alhambra, CA 91802 Figure 1. Horizontal thermosiphon reboiler: a. recirculating feed system; b. once-through feed system. waste heat gas streams. Boiling on the shell side is attrac tive in a design when the heating medium is fouling or cor- rosive. Horizontal thermosiphon reboilers compared to ket- tle reboilers are less likely to be fouled by the process fluid because of their good circulation and lower percent vapori- zation. Vertical tubeside thermosiphon reboilers are less at- tractive than horizontal reboilers when the heat transfer area requirements are large due to mechanical considera- tions (eg., distillation column height). Fluids with moderate viscosity boil better in horizontal thermosiphon reboilers than in vertical units. It is also possible to use low-finned and enhanced boiling tubes on the shell side of horizontal thermosiphon reboilers. ‘The vertical height of the riser between the horizontal heat exchanger and the column discharge nozzle allows a Chemical Engineering Progress. i Figure 2. Shell types selected for horizontal thermosiphon reboilers very flexible hydraulic design. The static head require- ments are lower for horizontal thermosiphon reboilers than vertical ones. Because of their high circulation rates, the temperature rise for the boiling fluid across horizontal thermosiphon reboilers is lower than that for kettle reboil- ers, especially for wide boiling range mixtures. This leads to higher local boiling temperature differences for the hori- zontal thermosiphon and, therefore, higher heat transfer rates, There are certain disadvantages associated with horizon- tal thermosiphon reboilers. Fluids with fouling tendencies should not be boiled on the shell side which is hard to clean, Horizontal heat exchangers require large plot areas and more expensive foundations and structures. If a re- hoiler system is not designed for good flow distribution, in- adequate circulation on the shell side usually results in con- centration of the heavier components in wide boiling range mixtures, with a resulting rise in bubble point temperatur A pinch can occur between the hot and cold fluid temper ture profiles, reducing heat transfer rates. Phe thermal design methods for horizontal thermosiphon reboilers discussed by Kern (1) and Collins (2) are based on rules of thumb and are very conservative. Those proposed by Palen (3), and Fair and Klip (4) for shellside flow boiling may be acceptable in principle. However, the validity of heat transfer and pressure drop calculations and the proposed correlations depend on how accurately they predict the per- formance of industrial-size units. Unfortunately, these models usually need to he adjusted for the effects of several parameters, Since there are no published data on thermal and hydraulic performance for shellside flow boiling, this is

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