Muhammad Ali Jinnah University

CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIAL

ASSIGNMENT #1
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEMENT AND THEIR USES

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR ATIQ UR REHMAN

SUBMITTED BY:
M.NIZAR ALAM

REG# 143039

SUBMISSION DATE:
27-10-14
CEMENT
It is a finely ground powder, when mixed with water produce a
very hard and strong binding medium. It provides an exothermic
reaction.

TYPES OF CEMENT

(1) ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT(TYPE 1)

Portland based cement is considered to be “general purpose” cement suitable
for all uses where the special properties of other types are not required. For example,
many contractors prefer to make uses of type 1 Portland based cement for constructing
building structures, bridges, precast units,etc.

(2) MODERATE SULPHATE RESISTANCE CEMENT(TYPE II)

This type of cement is used where precaution against moderate sulphate attack is
important. Like where concrete will come in contact with ground or buried in
ground. With this moderate heat of hydration (an optional requirement), Type II cement
can be used in structures of considerable mass, such as large piers, heavy abutments, and
heavy retaining walls. Its use will reduce temperature rise, an important quality when the
concrete is placed in warm weather.

(3) RAPID HARDENING AND HIGH EARLY STRENGTH

PORTLAND (TYPEIII)
It is used where formwork is to be removed quickly or sufficient strength for
further construction is required. It has high heat of hydration and achieves its design
strength in 7 days or less. Due to high heat generation, it should not be used in mass
concreting or large structural section. Though in cold climate it may serve well.

(4)LOW HEAT PORTLAND CEMENT (TYPE IV )

.This type of cement is used in mass concreting because it generates less heat,
such as large gravity dams, where the temperature rise resulting from heat generated
during curing is a critical factor though sets slowly but becomes much stronger after
curing. Its design strength is 90 days.

(5)SULPHATE RESISTANCE PORTLAND CEMENT (TYPE V)

The various uses of Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement are: Underground
and basements structures. Works in coastal areas. Piles and foundations. Water and
 sewage treatment plants. Sugar, chemical, and fertilizers factories. Petrochemical and
food processing industries.

General features of the main types of portland cement.

Classification Characteristics Applications

Type I General purpose Fairly high C3S content for General construction (most
good early strength buildings, bridges,
development pavements, precast units,
etc)

Type II Moderate sulfate Low C3A content (<8%) Structures exposed to soil
resistance or water containing sulfate
ions

Type III High early strength Ground more finely, may Rapid construction, cold
have slightly more C3S weather concreting

Type IV Low heat of hydration Low content of C3S Massive structures such as
(slow reacting) (<50%) and C3A dams. Now rare.

Type V High sulfate resistance Very low C3A content Structures exposed to high
(<5%) levels of sulfate ions

White White color No C4AF, low MaO Decorative (otherwise has

properties similar to Type
I)

(6)AIR ENTRAINING PORTLAND CEMENT(IA IIA IIIA)

They correspond in composition to ASTM Types I, II, and III, respectively,
except that small quantities of air-entraining materials are interground with the clinker
during manufacture to produce minute, well-distributed, and completely separated air
bubbles. These cements produce concrete with improved resistance to freeze-thaw action.

Table: Attack on concrete by soils and waters containing various sulfate

concentrations (2)

Relative Degree of Percentage Water-Soluble Sulfate (as SO4) in Cement

Sulfate Attack Sulfate (as SO4) in Soil Samples Water Samples, ppm Type
Negligible 0.00 to 0.10 0 to 150 I

Positive 0.10 to 0.20 150 to 1500 II

Severe 0.20 to 2.00 1500 to 10,000 V

Very Severe 2.00 or more 10,000 or more V plus

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