Indian Geography PDF -

Static GK Notes 5
Geography, particularly Indian Geography, is one of the most important topics in General
Knowledge whether you are attempting Railway RRB or SSC CGL exam. This topic constitutes
an important part of Static GK and forms the basis for understanding other aspects of
geography like soil, climate, vegetation, wildlife, and demography. These Static GK Notes
present you some basic trivia on Indian Geography. Download Indian Geography PDF.

Territorial Limits

1. India is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres of the globe.

2. India lies between the latitudes 6° 44’ north and 35° 30’ north. It lies between and 68° 7’
east and 97° 25’ east. The difference is roughly 30 degrees in both directions.
3. The mainland of India extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari in the south
and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujrat in the west.
4. The territorial limit of India extends towards the sea up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km)
from the coast. This limit includes the islands of Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep.
5. The southern part of the country lies within the tropics and the northern part lies within
the sub-tropical zone.

Time Zone

1. 82° 30’ east (Shankargarh Fort, Mirzapur in Allahabad district) has been selected as the
Standard Meridian of India as it is the multiple of 7 degree 30 min of longitude.
2. Indian Standard Time (IST) is ahead of Greenwich by 5 hours 30 minutes. This is the
single time standard used across India.

International Boundaries
1|Page
 1. Except Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Haryana, Delhi, all the other states in
the country share boundaries with other countries or have coastlines.

2. The effective border between India and China is known as the McMahon line. The line
that separates Indian-held lands from Chinese-held lands is called the Line of Actual
Control (LAC).
3. The India-Pakistan border is known as Radcliffe line. The military control line between
the parts of Jammu Kashmir controlled by India and Pakistan is called the Line of
Control (LoC).
4. The India-Afghanistan and Pakistan-Afghanistan border are demarcated by a single line
known as the Durand line.
5. India and Sri Lanka are separated by the Palk Strait.
6. India shares largest land frontier boundary with Bangladesh.

Inside India

2|Page
 1. The tropic of cancer (23½° North latitude) passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram - a total of 8
states.
2. The total geographical area of India is approximately 33 lakhs sq. km. which is around
2.45% of the total land of the hemisphere.
3. It is the seventh largest country in the world by area after USA, China, Russia, Canada,
Brazil and Australia.
4. It is the second most populated country of the world after China with a population of 1.27
billion (127 crore) people.
5. There are a total 29 states and 7 UTs in India.
6. Delhi is known as the National Capital Territory of India (NCT).

3|Page
 7. Indira Point which is located in the Great Nicobar Island is the southern-most point in the
territory of India. The southern-most top was submerged under water after 2004 Tsunami.

Cities of India

A metropolitan area is an area (with one or more districts and two or more Municipalities or
Panchayats) having a population of 10 lakhs or more. Some of the largest metropolitans in India
are:

1. National Capital Region (NCR)

4|Page
 2. Mumbai
3. Kolkata
4. Bangalore
5. Pune
6. Hyderabad
7. Chennai
8. Visakhapatnam

Twin cities are when two cities that are very close to each other, over time, expand and grow to
merge into one big metropolitan are. Some twin cities of India are:

1. Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad

2. Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Thane
3. Hubli and Dharwad
4. Kolkata and Howrah
5. Bhubaneswar and Cuttack
6. Hyderabad and Secunderabad

Some cities are popularly known by their nicknames.

1. Amritsar – Golden City

2. Ahmedabad – Manchester of the East
3. Jaipur – Pink City
4. Bengaluru – Silicon Valley of India OR Garden City
5. Mumbai – Gateway of India OR Maximum City OR Hollywood of India OR Financial
Capital of India
6. Pune – Deccan Queen
7. Pondicherry – Paris of the East
8. Bhubaneshwar – Temple City
9. Alappuzha – Venice of the East
10. Kolkata – City of Joy
11. Lucknow – City of Nawabs

5|Page
 12. Udaipur – City of Lakes
13. Jamshedpur – Steel City of India OR Pittsburgh of India
14. Varanasi – Spiritual Capital of India
15. Chennai – Gateway of South India OR Automobile Capital of India OR Detroit of India
16. Coimbatore – Textile City of India
17. Coorg – Scotland of India
18. Darjeeling – Queen of the Hills
19. Dehradun – School Capital of India
20. Guwahati – Gateway of North East India
21. Kanpur – Leather City of the World
22. Kochi – Queen of the Arabian Sea
23. Kollam – Cashew Capital of the World
24. Kolhapur – City of Wrestlers
25. Mussoorie – Queen of Mountains
26. Patiala – Royal City
27. Nagpur – Orange City
28. Rishikesh – City of Sages
29. Surat – Diamond City of India
30. Jodhpur – Blue City

Click Here for More Capsules

6|Page