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DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-5948-6
10 Springer Basel AG 1972
Originally published by Birkhäuser Verlag Basel in 1972.
A CASE FOR PARTIAL PRESTRESSING
by
Bruno Thürlimann
Swiss Federallnstitute of Technology
Zürich
ABSTRACT
B. Thürlimann
1. Introduction
strength basis
absorption etc.
253
254 THÜRLIMANN
Yu
c
AC}
Ic
Yl
r=-= ---=-=--
A*5
fCU = - To
Ac
- 1.!d.
I
(- T10 e + Mmln-
. )< 0 (2)
c
[Tension +; Compression - ]
As-Ordinory Reinf.
2. Basic Considerations
~~=-- _ _ _- L - f*
Y
'50.0.0.
---.-----
?
(213000 psi)
u >
f* - 1TOOO kg/cm 2
(242000 pSI)
10. 000- i
Prestress
I
. i
50.0.0.1
!
!
L--+__~_ _ _~_~'__ ~_ _ _ _~,----,r----~'-_. E%
Lo.2 0..5 1.0 1.5 20 25 3.0
:ilcm'~ ~~/cm2
16o.o.o. J
I
E;--I
6o.OC j / - ' - .--.-._.
I
I
PrestresslnlJ Steel
_._.-.
I .:::::::::::-~ - -
I r-~~~~--~-----------+,----~
J 1
2·0.0.0. II
LHot Rolled Re-Steel
12.00.0. -ii
: I
1
.,-- E%
0..2 0.5 1.0. 1.5 2.0 2.5
12 Prestr. Steel
f;(T) =11400kg/cm2
8
fy = 4'600 kg/cm 2
'.65000 pSI)
4~I
"" Re - Steel
o ~--------r--------,.---" Es
O~% Q2%
200~
1
,
15C I Concrete
(2nd order parabola ) I
100
50
O~---~----~---+-----~Ec
0.1 % 0.2% 0.3%
the same time and the a-E curves beyond this point stay c1o-
se1y together.
1. Reinforcing Steel:
The design of the reinforced concrete section is cal1ed
balanced Pb' if crushing of the concrete occurs at the
same time as yielding of the reinforcement is initiated.
Many Specifications limit the maximum ratio of reinforce-
ment in order to provide sufficient ductility for the
1. Reinf. Steel:
1
I ,,
d
,,
• 1 -~
,
Es =Ey = 0.22%
"
"
Balanced Max Relnf.
2. Prestr. Steel
No Prestress
"" ,
"
[~= 0.39%< E; f*
5
< f*'J
f* ... f*
'Si 'SZ
= f"Y - f Y = 11400kg/cm2
E;~ = ES
"", ,
2 &'
MoIbd IC - ' - ' -
--0.242
0.2
/'
--0.169
/'
0.1
/'
/' .~ .--- .-- .-
/" ..--; . -0;\/'2.1
--'---
/' . ___ . ~O
/
~.--- :0.189 qmox=0.29
I
o 1- _ _ _ _ _ ~-----~~----__r0'3----p(O/Or.4. q*
025 1
o I-- - - - - - 0.5 1.5
- - - -~.~ - - - - - - -
05
P*( }'o) _ - C : ' _ ....
0
2 ---t:y=0.22%
--------------1-
~=Q3% I
-- --
4
6 _-c*
-- -
,. ,.-
_- 1;.....
f
q =p?
--E; =0.76%
8
q* =p* f;
f*
qm =q + q* (4)
14
12
10
0 .2 0.3 Tc/Acf~
O~----------.----------------------------.
~
~ q*
a..
L-
01
02
03 -- qmo)(=0.29
--Qb=O.386
q
2
100Moll/bh fc
I
0.1
--qmox = 0.182
--qb =0.176
02
d t--ub---t]
O =O.12G
h d=O.9h
1 G
~~b;\O.2b
variation ~* possible.
o~--------------~------------------------~
01
--qmox =0.1 32
""d dC
-
--qb = 0.176
<itt-- --t
. 1
02 b
<lfo.12
'-0.9h
fc fc=O
M RT
C
.~.
C--f ( ") Es
S2- C Ys E R=N+Fs*+Fs
c
1· -. -
fS2=-fc (Ys) ~~ e ='R(M-Fs y;-FsYs)
~
Fig. 10 Crocked Section: Stress - Sfrain Computations
I'
PARTIAL PRESTRESSING 273
A*f*Z
5 5
and A5 ~ s 2 due to the additional extension produced by
the decompression of the concrete. The resulting fictitious
forces (only thought for computational reasons) are:
52 c s
E5
f s2 = e: c Es :;
-f c (y s ) Ec (8)
and an eccentricity
e = lR (M - F*v* -
S's
P5 y 5 ) (la)
T=A~f;+Asfs= C
cc=o.3% C
( i
I
T
I
\ N-+·-A
d \ 0*
\
~ s
Os c
\
I c;,+ C;2 +
'" I
.---1 As 1
1
E;3 \=\ E; l
:(~)n 1
---::::1---A s
As . fs (Es)
CS1 + ES2 + ES3 = Es
'd
Mu = A~ f; 0; + A s f s Os
(A)
Re - Steel 03 0302
No Prestress
02
t-D'-t
,Q f0172
..J.- b-+- .0; fj,. /t0163
\y
01
0.)'
I ,
d= 09hi h /
,I ,, /
-i'- - '/
o- fs/f y
-+
00
-1"--0""'5--1f-
(8) • M/bd2f~
Prestr Steel 0.3J
No Prestress I
J
q* = qb 02]
01
0 ._--,- fs*/f"y
0 02 04 06 08 10
(C) t M/bd2f~
Prestr Steel 03...1
Prestress t;(T)/f;
.. ,
"Crocking"
q" = qb 02
0.172
0163
01
o I i t i 1\ II\r 1 ...
0. 0..2 0..4 0.6 0..8 10 f:lf;
I
t*(T)/f* ... I ...
s y 0. 0.5 1.0.
I• fs/fy ~
ä:
Fig. 13
~
Partial Prestressing: Steel Stresses ~
~
PARTIAL PRESTRESSING 279
moment.
A compositediagram giving the steel stresses and hence the
steel strains is given in Fig. 13. First the case of a balan-
ced reinforcement index qb = q + q* is given. The lines (1),
(2) and(3) correspond to prestressed,mixed of equal parts
and ordinary reinforcement. As a second case half the balan-
-. ~ --
( 1) Reinf . Concrete
(2 ) Full Prestress :
I
i
Creep Coefficient: cp = 2
p = - M(Pr)jM(DL+LL) (13 )
dead plus live load moment such that for the abscissa ° the
dead load part is zero whereas for the abscissa 1 the live
w(DL) + w(Pr) are divided by the dead plus live load deflec-
assumes that the total dead plus live load moment is balan-
clear that for a small dead to live load ratio this leads to
284 THÜRLIMANN
Dead Load
h
Live Load
--- ... --~~
~
4 I
Fig. 16 Defl. -Dead Load and Live Load: Influence of Prestr. Ratio
PARTIAL PRESTRESSING 285
shown in Fig. 16. It is assumed that the dead load moment M(DL)
is equal to one third, the live load moment two thirds of
the total moment M(DL+LL). Hence the dead load plus prestress
deflections are given by the abscissa V3 in the graph of
Fig; 15 and also Fig. 16. The live load deflections, taken as
instantaneous without influence of creep, start from the dead
load plus prestress deflections of this abscissa. Taking for
example the case of no prestress, p = 0, at time t =0 the
additional live load deflection will follow the dashed-dotted
dead load deflection line up to the full value 2/3 for the
live load moment. However, if the live load is applied after
creep and shrinkage have taken place it will start from the
286 THÜRLIMANN
kIJ
(8) Prestr. Cables
14 6
2 x VSL(17x 1/2 ,,) 10
I.
)(~ = 8.6cm
8.6L
~
·~l
. . ,: .
-J.--
1
108.2
'* . L
2.5 .,...3.0 ., l 35 ., l
35
1 x VSL(22x 1;2")
5030mm
x~ = 11.3mm
~ 30 .l
J
F i g. 17 Details of Cross Sections
PARTIAL PRESTRESSING 287
possible region for all dead load plus prestress plus live
variation.
5.- t--=~;:;;;:::;:;::;:;~.~.
•.• 0- .••
::.::.. ::;~~~s;;;::=-- Prestre ssing Cable --,~~-
0- ...
0- •••
o. :::
4.-
2.- +---------------------------~
1958 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
4 :X;;,/,:;;:.\\\\:\\\\\\\\\'i;;;y,:i'::jJY'.\'3\\':::~cy(lZ22
5 _ ........... - Smoll T; L= 2 0 m - - - -
().
100%~---=~~=------------------------------------------
100C
140%
4100 pipa
'100P"/Pa
120
100
80
60
40
20
q*
x= q+q*
o 02 04 06 0.8 1.0
a = Prest.Steel SFr/kg
Reinf.Steel SFr/kg (14)
forcement ratios p for the ordinary and p*- for the prestressing
q* (15)
q + q*
f
q* . .J..
q + q* f* (J.6)
y
292 THÜRLIMANN
q*
q + q* = (17)
and
n
= 1 -
q*
-
L- (18)
Po q + q*
f
c q* ...:r.
1 + -q--+~q~* (a f * - 1) ( 19)
Y
The relation on a percentage basis is plotted in Fig. 19 for
8. Experimental Confirmations
PI Pp
1.0 _ ..~ ~ A
A1 __ .. ...::s'p:ß 3
.. ~
~ .. --~ A2
// /T" .
. /./f/' ~.L
.// .//1
./ 1 /
I ./
:
1
1.8
0.5
I· I/
:(
I
- - A1
AO A=O
A = 0.25
,.// // - - - A2 A= 0.50
_._.- A3
f.' /1 _ .. _ .. - A4
A= 0.75
A= 1.00
!I //
//
J
1/ .4
P
i is
P
~ :;0.
I.
I
600cm I
V .i
r \. _ A "s f*y q*
f;
- t:\s + A s fy
=
q*+q
0 Sem
2 3 4
rate-theory.
given above.
~
M~YM~ CD
Q)
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
o 1/<1 ./c, 1//1 '/0 [/0 [/(1 red V/J V/I V/J V/J V/I V/J V/A
Ao A, A2 A3 A4 As A6 80 8, 82 83 84 85 86
A = 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.25 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
M-8r: 8ending Failure mYielding of Reinforcement ~
gj:
Fig. 2\ Comparison: Experimental - Theoretical Ultimate Moment
~
~
S-Br ~.,
Vmox/Vth S-Br
~
14
;g
1:'1
Cll
1.2
~
Cll
1.0
~
08
0.6
0.4
02
o VA ya Y/I [CI 1/' I/I ICI V/I [C' I/I [tl I/I I/I 'Cd IId VA tel [C' l/I.(d [/1 [CI '/A VA
9. Conclusions
List of References: