Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TiO2 particles
• Used in paints and cosmetics
• Consumption exceeds 3 million tons
• a semiconductor – can be chemically
activated by light energy
• Paint chalking – stabilisers or/and additives
are added to solve the problems
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17.5 cm
Synthesis and Functionalisation
Nanomagnetite
WO3
TiO2
WO3 Pt/WO3
Linkers
Protective
Environment
Layer
Magnetic
Energy
Fluorescent
Core
Health Care
Signaling
Antigen
Detection
Biocompatibility
Shape
Recognition TiO2
Fresh Air
Clean Water
Self cleaning
super - surface
Harnessing Solar Energy through
Photocatalysis
Renewable
Energy
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Photocatalyst
sun
light
Decomposition by
powerful oxidising Self cleaning
action
Self sterilising
TiO2
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• Two requirements:
Substance to be degraded need to be brought
into contact with TiO2
TiO2 Semiconductor
Photocatalyst
Electron
e- + O2 → O2-•
O2-• ⇒ OH•
CB
Organic matter oxidation
UV
Org + h+ → Intermediates → CO2 + H2O
VB
Org + OH• → Intermediates → CO2 + H2O
Light less than
380nm
Hole
h+ + H2O → H+ + OH•
h+ + OH- → OH•
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• Electrons and holes are generated
• For metals, these two are immediately
recombined
• On semiconductors, they survive for longer
periods of time
• Holes have greater oxidising power than the
reducing power of the excited electrons.
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Germ Killer
• E.Coli
• Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) – resistant to most commonly used
antibiotics
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• 1 hour illumination at 1000 lux – 99% of
the three bacteria are killed
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Antimicrobial Tiles
• TiO2 was applied onto the tiles by spray
coating – The tile is then heated at 800oC.
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• After installing photocatalytic tiles –
numbers of bacteria on the wall surfaces
and number of airborne bacteria dropped.
• Could be used to reduce the unpleasant
odour from public toilet facilities – (pets
and rats)
• In addition to its antibacterial properties, it
has the ability to combat viruses, molds and
algae.
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100
Dark (P25)
80 UV
E.Coli Survival (%)
P25
60 HPC
MPC
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
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The one that works…………
TiO2
Na+
SiO2
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+
Sodium
lime glass
Other examples
• Ventilation fan - 0.1mg/cm2/day – the use
of black-light UV could decompose the
grease to CO2.
• Tunnel light
• Exterior materials
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Antifogging
Typical contact angle between water and inorganic
materials, such as glass (20o to 30o)
• On a plastic – 70o to 90o
• On silicone resin and fluororesins – angle is higher
than 90o
• Some water absorbing surfaces or activated with
surfactants or detergents could show contact angle
lower than 10o
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Bare Glass
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TiO2 coated glass
Anti Fogging
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• How does it work? - Postulation – not exact
answer
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Superhydrophilicity vs
Photocatalytic technology
• Photocatalytic technology – decompose the
dirt, odourous compounds by oxiding the
compounds
• Superhydrophilicity – altering the properties
of the surface by photocatalytic action
• Both need “light”
Air purification
• Decomposition of malodorous pollutant (of
low concentration – ppm levels)
• Indoor air cleaners
• Oxidation of SOx and NOx
• Limited to 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm levels
• Can be integrated with other process such as
adsorption
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Water Purification
• Treating recalcitrant organic matters in low
concentrations
• Not suitable to treat high concentration of
organic matters
• Suitable as a polishing method
• Application is still limited due to recovery
of the photocatalyst
P
P
MAGNET
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Magnetic Photocatalyst Synthesis
Magnetite Sodium
in TMAOH Silicate
80°C
Silica Coated
Titanium
Magnetite
Tetrachloride
(SM)
6 h hydrothermal at 90°C
1 h calcination at 450°C
Magnetic
Photocatalyst (TSM)
Transmission Electron
Microscopy
Magnetite Titania
Silica
SiO2 coated Fe3O4 40 mM TiCl4
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Water splitting
• Electrolysis – (High School Chemistry
experiments)
– two electrodes (cathodes and anodes)
– A little salt, acid
– Apply a direct current
– What did you see?
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• Another application of TiO2 is
Dye sensitised solar cells (DSC)
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