MAGNETIC CIRCUIT

ANALYSIS
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic flux lines form closed
paths that are close together
where the field is strong and
farther apart where the field is
weak.
Flux lines strive to be as short as
possible and take the path with
the highest permeability.
Right-Hand Rule
Magnetic Circuit Analysis
In many engineering
applications, we need to
compute the magnetic fields for
structures that lack sufficient
symmetry for straight-forward
application of Ampère’s law. F =NI Analog: Voltage (emf)
Then, we use an approximate 
method known as magnetic- R = Analog: Resistance
circuit analysis. A
F = R Analog: Ohm’s Law
Simple Magnetic Circuit
Simple Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap
Analogy between electric and magnetic circuits.
(a) Electric circuit, (b) Magnetic circuit
Air Gaps
Air gaps are present in magnetic
circuits of electric machines
(motors or generators).
The spreading of the flux lines
outside the common area of the
core for the air gap in Fig.
12.18(a) is known as fringing.

FIG.12.18 Air gaps: (a) with fringing; (b) ideal.

Comparison air gaps - flux

0 cm 0.05 cm 0.1 cm 0.5 cm 1.0 cm

0.1279 Wb 0.9886 mWb 0.5359 mWb 0.1602 mWb 0.1096 mWb
References
Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2005
Pearson Education.