5/20/2018 Best Practices in RCC Construction

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Best Practices in RCC Construction

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Best Practices in RCC Construction

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Best practices in RCC Construction
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Best Construction Practices

Foundation

If the foundation of your building is poor, then the entire structure will collapse or sink. Keep these pointers in mind to ensure a strong foundation:

The foundation should rest on firm soil and it should be taken to a minimum depth of 1.2m from the ground level.
If the soil is loose and/or if the excavation depth is more, the sides of excavation should be supported to prevent it from collapsing.
The area of the foundation should be sufficient to transfer the load safely to the ground on which it rests.
The area of foundation depends on the load carrying capacity of soil. It is important to mark the location and size of the foundation before excavation.

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5/20/2018 Best Practices in RCC Construction

Marking and Excavating the Foundation

Ensure correct marking of the foundations for new walls so that they are the right size and in the right position to bear the weight of the wall.
Obtain the layout plan/centre-line drawing from the engineer and establish the centre-line of the longest outer wall of the building as a reference line between
the pegs driven into the ground.
Mark all trench excavation lines with respect to the centre lines of walls.
Ensure that the excavation done is true to levels, slope, shape and pattern.
Consolidate the bed of excavation by watering and ramming. Soft or defective spots should be dug out and filled with concrete.
Brace the sides of excavation with tight shoring work for deep excavations to avoid collapsing of the sides of the excavation area.
Anti-termite Treatment

Pre constructional anti-termite treatment is a process in which soil treatment is applied to a building in early stages of its construction. The purpose of anti-termite
treatment is to provide the building with a chemical barrier against the sub-terrain termites.

Termite infestation can weaken structures and damage wooden surfaces. Start the anti-termite treatment before the construction begins. Here’s what you need to
know to keep your home free of termites:

The soil around the foundation should be treated up to the plinth level with appropriate chemicals.
The chemicalCement
barrierStorage
should be continuous and complete.
Treatment can be done pre, during and post construction stages.
Care should be taken to ensure that the chemicals do not contaminate the domestic water sources.
Cement readily absorbs moisture from the air if it is not stored properly. The binding property and the strength of the cement depend upon its capacity for chemical
reaction that takes place in presence of water. Hence, it is necessary to protect cement from dampness and humidity, as it can rapidly lose strength and form lumps.
Here’s how cement should be stored:

Cement should be stored in water-proof sheds/buildings.

For temporary storage at sites, cement bags should be stacked on a raised dry platform and covered with tarpaulins/polythene sheets.

Concrete Mixing

Avoid manual concrete mixing.

Keep a close watch on water quantity while mixing.
Minimum mixing time should be 2 mins.
Use Admixtures only if required.
Admixture dosage should be optimum. Do not add more/less quantity.
Admixture should be first added in water and then can be mixed with other ingredients.
Mortal Plasticiser should be used only for Mortar and concrete plasticiser for concrete.
Use good quality Water proofing chemical which should be chloride free.
Compaction

Compaction means removing air from concrete.

It will reduce the voids.
Lesser the voids, stronger the concrete.
Proper compaction will ensure Water tightness.
For manual compaction of slab use Wooden float and 16 mm bar.

Poor quality aggregates will result in inferior concrete thus affecting the durability of the structure. Here are some handy pointers you need to keep in mind:

Aggregates should be hard, strong, chemically inert and free from harmful materials.
If flaky and elongated coarse aggregates are present in excess quantities, it leads to low concrete strength.
Cubical and rough textured aggregates are preferred over other types.
Sand should be free from silt, clay lumps, mica, etc.
Presence of any of the aggregates in excessive quantities adversely affects the setting, hardening, strength and durability of concrete.

Your house will not be considered safe if its walls are not strong and sturdy. You need to adhere to the following tips:

Bricks/blocks should be laid on a full bed of mortar.

The joints should be fully filled and packed with mortar.
Vertical joints should be staggered.
The brick work should be cured well to make it strong.

Weak and unstable centering and formwork may lead to injuries/loss of life in addition to material loss. Here’s how centering and formwork should be done:

Centering should be strong enough to hold the fresh concrete till it hardens.
To ensure stability, centering should be supported at specified intervals with props that are adequately braced.
Gaps between the centering sheets should be sealed to prevent leakage of slurry, which otherwise would result in honey combed concrete.

Reinforcement bars are a vital component of RCC. It’s important to choose the right steel and place it right to prevent cracking or even destruction of the RCC
members.

When you’re procuring steel, make sure you get it from a reputed manufacturer.

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5/20/2018 Best Practices in RCC Construction
Wrongly positioned reinforcement bars are ineffective and lead to the failure of RCC elements.
While joining the bars, adequate lap length should be maintained and the laps should be staggered.
Ensure that there is no congestion of reinforcement bars and that the bars have sufficient concrete cover.

Wall plasters that have unsightly cracks and spoilt interior/exterior finishes are quite common. Here’s how you can avoid it:

Plastered surfaces develop cracks and sometimes disintegrate due to lack of proper adhesion.
Surface preparation plays a vital role in ensuring the adhesion. The surface should be free from any loose particles, dust etc., and the joints between the
bricks/blocks should be properly raked.
Lean mixes are preferred for plastering as rich and weaker mixes tend to develop cracks.
Normally, plastering should be done in two coats leaving adequate time between the coats.

Curing is the process of maintaining satisfactory moisture content and temperature in freshly cast concrete for a definite period of time immediately following
placement. The process serves two major purposes:

It prevents or replenishes the loss of moisture from the concrete;

It maintains a favourable temperature for hydration to occur for a definite period.

Dampness or moisture can prove very damaging to any construction. A lot of money can get wasted due to unexpected seepage of water into walls or woodwork.
Sometimes the presence of moisture can even corrode the steel framework, thus placing the whole structure at risk. In order to safeguard your precious construction
and also to avoid future inconvenience, it is highly important to take strict measures to waterproof your house. There are various waterproofing techniques that can
be used during and after the construction of the house. It is essential to consult a qualified Engineer or Architect for an appropriate waterproofing method to be
followed in order to avoid subsequent hassles and damage.

Primarily, there are 3 areas of a typical building that need specific waterproofing treatment:

Basement:
If economy is your concern, you can follow these tips to help you save construction costs:
Basement waterproofing can be done internally as well as externally. However for more effective results, it is advisable to use proper external waterproofing
methods
Avoid during the forms
complicated construction period itself. Materials such as Kota stone, bitumen and specialised compounds are frequently used for external waterproofing
of shapes.
of the basement.
Avoid complex system of level.
Insist on economic structural design.
Provide maximum possible provision for natural light and ventilation.
Terraces:
Ensure efficient placement of utilities like water-supply pipes, power cables etc.
Use fresh,are
Terraces sound andarea
another durable buildingwith
of concern materials.
regard to waterproofing. It often happens in homes that rainwater or water leaking from the overhead water tanks
Engage
spoils the trained manpower.
flooring of the terrace and even seeps through the roof of the floor underneath. Before commencing any waterproofing measure for the terrace,
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theoffive
There are a few additional factors that be considered during construction of the various rooms the basic
house:elements of the universe: Earth, Water, Air, Fire
and Space. Vaastu is a science that attempts to achieve a synergy across all the five elements in such a way that the abode becomes favourable to its inhabitants. The
SunkenAbout
optimum Areas:
use of Vaastu concepts can help one achieve an atmosphere at home that is physically comfortable, emotional soothing and intellectually vibrant.
Entrance:
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damage to the construction.
For security reasons, the entrance must be constructed in such a way that it provides adequate protection to the house.
Resources
General:
The entrance also needs to protect the house against inhospitable weather such as harsh sunlight and excessive rains.
Gallery
Contact
East is the most auspicious direction for entrance to a house.
LivingTheroom:
slope of the property should be from west to east or south to north.
Shadow of a tree should never fall on the house.
livingdirection
The north room should be located
represents near toand
prosperity, the should
entrance.
never be blocked.
The living
Cactus room
plant should
should preferably
never be grownface thehouse.
in the lawn, wherever possible.
Tall windows
All doors canopen
should add atowards
lot of visual
inside.appeal to the living room
Door hinges should be noiseless.
Kitchen:
Columns in a building must be placed in even numbers in any construction.

Bedroom:
The kitchen must have adequate ventilation and natural sunlight.
It should be adjoining the dining room.
working
The main platform
bedroom mustbebeconstructed
should adequatelyin
wide
the and free from
south-west obstructions.
direction.
The design
Square and should provide
rectangle shapeadequate
bedroomsspace for appliances
are perfect such peace
for ensuring as cooking range, dishwasher, chimney etc.
and prosperity.
Avoid hanging pictures that depict violence or sorrow.
Bedroom:
Sleep with your head towards South.

Living room:
The bedroom should be located away from the entrance and living room to ensure privacy.
The bedroom should be connected with a balcony and attached bathroom, wherever possible.
Provide
The northadequate storage
direction facilities
is ideal in the form ofofalmirahs
for the construction and cabinets.
living room.
Air-conditioners should be in the west and not in the southeast section.
Bathroom:
Southern and western corners of the room are perfect for placing the furniture.
Dining tables must have even-numbered chairs.
The bathroom must have adequate ventilation and natural lighting.
Kitchen
The bath fittings and sanitary fittings must be of a high quality to withstand regular and prolonged use.
The bathroom floor should be 5 cm lower than the other flooring of the house.
The ideal location of the kitchen is the southeast corner of the house, with northwest being the second best option.
Cooking activity should be done while facing east, as it’s an auspicious direction. The other option is north direction.
Electrical items such as microwaves, juicers and mixers should be placed in the southeast corner of the kitchen.
The refrigerator should be in the northwest, southeast, south or west.

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