CIVIL ENGRG CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES

CIVIL PROJECT
Concreting Practices

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 Basic Principles of Reinforced Concrete

Compression

Strength
Shear

Tension

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 NZS 3109 Concrete Construction standards specified
normal range 5°C to 30°C

What if ambient temperature is beyond this range?

The temperature of fresh concrete may be estimated

from the following equation:

T = Ta.Wa+ Tc.Wc+5Tw.Ww/Wa+Wc+5Ww

Hot/Cold Weather Concrete

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 Cement = 200-350 kg/m3
Fresh concrete temp. (oC)

50 Water = 120-180 kg/m3

40 oC - Aggregate Temp.
40 30 oC
20 oC
10 oC
30 00 oC

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10 20 30 40 50
Mixing Water Temp. (oC)

Hot/Cold Weather Concrete

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 Concrete Slump (mm)
120
100
80
120

Initial Setting (hours)

60 3.5
40 3.0
20
2.5

10 30 40 50 2.0
20
Fresh concrete temperature (oC) 1.5
Comp. Strength (%f’c)

140 10 15 20 25 30 35
120 Fresh concrete temperature (oC)
100
80
60
40
20

10 15 28 90 365
Age (days)

Hot/Cold Weather Concrete

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 Hot, dry, and windy conditions!

“…spraying the surface of the concrete with an aliphatic

alcohol. It forms a thin film and reduces evaporation by up to
80%. The use of this method is highly desirable in New
Zealand.”

Plastic cracking
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Formed surfaces Classification Hot Average Cold
>20oC 12-20oC 5-12oC

Beams and slabs Forms 4 6 8

Shores/ scaffolding 12 18 24

Vertical faces Finishes F4-F6 1 2 3

Finishes F1-F3 9 hours 12 hours 18 hours

Minimum 2 days when frost damage is likely.

Table 5.3 NZS 3109

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 Ed

a b

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 D 300 E 10
D for deformed Diameter of the bar
commonly used sizes are
R for round (plain) 300 MPa
6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25 and 32
500 MPa

L for low ductility (>1.5% elongation)

N for normal ductility (>5% elongation)
E for high ductility
For 300 MPa (>15% elongation)
For 500 MPa (>10% elongation)

Steel Callout – NZ Practice

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 300 MPa

500 MPa

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 Minimum radii of reinforcement bends
from Table 3.1 NZS 3109

Hardware for placement - Spacers

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 Clause 3.9 of NZS 3109
Tolerances on position of
reinforcement

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1. Tension Strands
2. Cast Concrete – Bond strands to concrete
3. Cut Strands – Transfer force to concrete

Pre-tensioning
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 Section

1. Cast Concrete with Duct

2. Feed Strands through Duct
3. Tension Strands
4. Grout Duct (or other corrosion protection)

Post-tensioning
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 • Post-tensioning can take on any profile

• Draped configurations are much more common than

straight tendons
• Why?

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 Force Transfer by
Steel-Concrete bond

Pre-Tensioning

Force Transfer at
end anchor

Post-Tensioning

Strain Compatibility and Force Equilibrium:

Steel held at length longer than it “wants” to be:
Tension
Concrete compressed shorter than it “wants” to be:
Compression
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 Thank you for attending
Presentations will be available on
Course Moodle Page

Watch the Video!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=148&v=OL
N_ASDh96s

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