10.

Result
Scale Angle of Angle of Torque Shear Shear
Reading Twist ( °) Twist (rad) (Nm) Stress (MPa) Strain
0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.0000
0.25 1.452 0.025 2.20 51.886 0.0010
0.50 2.903 0.051 4.50 106.132 0.0019
0.75 4.355 0.076 6.80 160.377 0.0028
1.00 5.807 0.101 8.80 207.547 0.0038
1.50 8.710 0.152 11.60 273.584 0.0057
2.00 11.613 0.203 13.10 308.962 0.0076
2.50 14.516 0.253 13.90 327.830 0.0095
3.00 17.419 0.304 14.20 334.905 0.0114
4.00 23.225 0.405 14.85 350.235 0.0152
5.00 29.031 0.507 15.10 356.132 0.0190
6.00 34.837 0.608 15.30 360.849 0.0228
7.00 40.643 0.709 15.45 364.386 0.0266
8.00 46.449 0.811 15.55 366.745 0.0304
9.00 52.255 0.912 15.60 367.924 0.0342
10.00 58.061 1.013 15.55 366.745 0.03800
11.00 63.867 1.115 15.55 366.745 0.0418
12.00 69.673 1.216 15.60 367.924 0.0456
13.00 75.479 1.318 15.25 359.669 0.0494
15.00 87.092 1.520 15.05 354.952 0.0570
17.00 98.705 1.723 15.15 357.311 0.0646
19.00 110.318 1.926 15.20 358.490 0.0722
21.00 121.931 2.128 15.25 359.669 0.0798
23.00 133.544 2.331 15.25 359.669 0.0874
25.00 145.157 2.534 15.35 362.028 0.0950
27.00 156.770 2.737 15.40 363.207 0.1026
29.00 168.383 2.939 15.40 363.207 0.1102
31.00 179.996 3.142 15.35 362.028 0.1178
33.00 191.609 3.345 15.25 359.669 0.1254
35.00 203.222 3.547 15.35 362.028 0.1330
37.00 214.835 3.750 15.35 362.028 0.1406
39.00 226.448 3.953 15.45 364.386 0.1482
41.00 238.061 4.155 15.45 364.386 0.1558
43.00 249.674 4.358 15.40 363.207 0.1634
45.00 261.287 4.561 15.30 360.849 0.1710
47.00 272.900 4.764 15.15 357.311 0.1786
49.00 284.513 4.966 15.20 358.490 0.1862
51.00 296.126 5.169 15.25 359.669 0.1938
 53.00 307.739 5.372 15.25 359.669 0.2014
55.00 319.352 5.574 15.20 358.490 0.2090
57.00 330.965 5.777 15.20 358.490 0.2166
59.00 342.578 5.980 15.25 359.669 0.2242
61.00 354.191 6.183 15.35 362.028 0.2318
63.00 365.804 6.385 15.30 360.849 0.2394
65.00 377.417 6.588 15.35 362.028 0.2470
67.00 389.030 6.791 15.35 362.028 0.2546
69.00 400.643 6.993 15.45 364.386 0.2622
71.00 412.256 7.196 15.65 369.103 0.2698
73.00 423.869 7.399 14.85 350.235 0.2774
75.00 435.485 7.602 15.05 354.952 0.2850
77.00 447.101 7.804 14.95 352.594 0.2926
79.00 458.717 8.007 15.05 354.952 0.3002
81.00 470.333 8.210 15.10 356.132 0.3078
83.00 481.949 8.413 15.15 357.311 0.3154
85.00 493.565 8.615 15.10 356.132 0.3230
87.00 505.181 8.818 15.15 357.311 0.3306
89.00 516.797 9.021 15.10 356.132 0.3382
91.00 528.413 9.224 15.10 356.132 0.3458
93.00 540.029 9.427 15.00 353.773 0.3534
95.00 551.645 9.629 15.10 356.132 0.3610
97.00 563.261 9.832 15.15 357.311 0.3687
99.00 574.877 10.035 15.20 358.490 0.3763
101.00 586.493 10.238 15.30 360.849 0.3839
103.00 598.109 10.440 15.30 360.849 0.3915
105.00 609.722 10.643 15.25 359.669 0.3991
107.00 621.335 10.846 15.35 362.028 0.4067
109.00 632.948 11.048 15.35 362.028 0.4143
111.00 644.561 11.251 15.35 362.028 0.4219
113.00 656.174 11.454 15.15 357.311 0.4295
115.00 667.787 11.657 15.30 360.849 0.4371
117.00 679.400 11.859 15.15 357.311 0.4447
119.00 691.013 12.062 15.35 362.028 0.4523
121.00 702.626 12.265 15.25 359.669 0.4599
123.00 714.239 12.467 15.30 360.849 0.4675
125.00 725.852 12.670 15.25 359.669 0.4751
127.00 737.465 12.873 15.35 362.028 0.4827
129.00 749.078 13.076 15.30 360.849 0.4903
131.00 760.691 13.278 15.30 360.849 0.4979
133.00 772.304 13.481 15.25 359.669 0.5055
135.00 783.917 13.684 15.25 359.669 0.5131
137.00 795.53 13.886 15.25 359.669 0.5207
139.00 807.143 14.089 15.35 362.028 0.5283
141.00 818.756 14.292 15.35 362.028 0.5359
143.00 830.369 14.495 15.20 358.490 0.5435
145.00 841.982 14.697 11.40 268.867 0.5511
145.25 843.434 14.723 11.15 262.971 0.5520
145.50 844.886 14.748 9.70 228.773 0.5530
145.75 846.338 14.773 8.45 199.292 0.5539
146.00 847.790 14.799 6.15 145.047 0.5549
146.25 849.242 14.824 4.40 103.773 0.5558
146.50 850.694 14.849 3.15 74.292 0.5568
146.75 852.146 14.875 2.25 53.066 0.5578
147.00 853.598 14.900 1.45 34.198 0.5587
147.25 855.050 14.925 0.90 21.226 0.5597
147.50 856.502 14.951 0.20 4.716 0.5606
147.75 857.954 14.974 fracture - -

Table 1
GRAPH OF LOAD TORQUE VERSUS ANGLE OF TWIST

18.00
16.00
14.00
Load Torque (Nm)

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000 14.000 16.000
Angle of Twist (rad)

Graph 1

GRAPH OF SHEAR STRESS VERSUS SHEAR STRAIN

400000000

350000000

300000000
Shear Stress (Pa)

250000000

200000000

150000000

100000000

50000000

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Shear Strain

Graph 2
Sample Calculation

Specimen Details

Material : Mild Steel

Length, L : 0.08 m
Diameter, D : 0.006 m
Radius, R : 0.003 m

π
Polar moment of inertia, J = (Radius, R)4
2

π
= (0.003)4
2

=1.272 x 10−10 m4

(Torque,T) (Radius,R)
Shear Stress, τ =
(Polar moment of inertia,J)

(2.20 Nm) (0.003 m)

=
1.272 x 10−10 m4

= 51.886 MPa

(Radius,R)(Angle of Twist,ϴ)
Shear Strain, γ =
(Length,L)

(0.003 m) (0.025 rad)

= (0.08 m)

= 0.001
Experimental value for

Shear Stress,τ
Modulus of Rigidity, G =
Shear Strain,γ

51.886 MPa
=
0.001

= 57.651 GPa

Theoretical value for Modulus of Rigidity, G for mild steel is 80 GPa.

Theoretical value− Experimental value

Percentage of error = x 100%
Theoretical value

80 GPa− 57.651 GPa

= x 100%
80 GPa

= 27.94%