AGING PROCESS AND

ITS EFFECT ON
VARIOUS SYSTEMS

PRESENTED BY
H.Rufus raj
Lecturer, ACN
DEFINITION OF RELATED TERMS

GERIATRIC
It is the medical speciality that
deals with the physiology of aging
and with the diagnosis and
treatment affecting the aged.
- kevin
GERONTOLOGY

It is the study of all the

aspects of the aging
process including clinical,
psychological , economic
and social problems of the
elderly and the
consequences of these
Profile of americans age 65 & older
12
Population in millions

10

0
AGE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL INDIAN
POPULATION(2000)
Categorising the adult population
AGE IN YEARS CATEGORY
55 To 64 Older adult population
65 to 74 Elderly population
75 to 84 Aged population
85 & older Extremely aged population

AGE IN YEARS CATEGORY

60 to 74 Young old
75 to 84 Middle old
85 & older Old-old
Special adult population

COGNITIVEL
Y
OLDER IMPAIRED
ADULT ADULTS
WOMEN

FRAIL RURAL
OLDER OLDER
ADULTS ADULTS

HOMELESS
OLDER
ADULTS
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN OLDER
ADULTS
MEN WOMEN
More likely to be living with More likely to live alone
spouse Loss of spouse more common.

More likely to have health Less likely to have health insurance.

insurance.

Higher income after retirement. Not adequate income

Generally have fewer chronic Have a higher incidence of chronic

health problems than women. health problems such as arthritis ,
hypertension stroke etc.
Theories of aging
GENETIC
THEORIES
GENETIC
MUTATION
THEORIES
ERROR THEORY

BIOLOGIC
WEAR & TEAR
THEORIES THEORY
IMMUNLOGIC
THEORY
FREE RADICAL
THERY
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES
DISENGAGEMENT
THEORY

ACTIVITY THEORY

ERICKSON’S
THEORY

HAVIGHURST’S
DEVELOPMENT THEORY
AL THEORY
NEW MAN’S
THEORY
NURSING THEORY

FUNCTIONAL CONCEQUENCES
THEORY

-MILLER 2004
AGE RELATED CHANGES IN BODY
SYSTEM
PARKINSON’S
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE

DEMENTIA

TRANSIENT
ISHEMIC
ATTACK
CEREBROVASC
ULAR ACCIDENT
SPECIAL SENSES

VISION
DIPLOPIA
CATARACTS
GLAUCOMA
MACULAR
DEGENERATION
RETINAL
DETACHMENT
HEARING
 TINNITUS
 OTOSCLEROSIS
 DEAFNESS
-conductive

-central
 MENIERE’S
DISEASE
TASTE
SMELL
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

 CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY
DISEASE
 INFLUENZA
 PNEUMONIA
 TUBERCULOSIS
 LUNG CANCER
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

 Coronary artery
disease
 Coronary valve
disease
 Heart block
 Congestive heart
failure
 Cardiomegaly
 Peripheral
vascular disease
 Varicose veins
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

DECUBITIS ULCER

HYPOTHERMIA

BASAL CELL

CARCINOMA
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

DIABETES

MELLITUS

HYPOGLYCEMIA

HYPERTHYRODISM
GENITO URINARY SYSTEM

 Urinary
incontinence
 Urinary tract
system
 Chronic renal
failure
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Hiatal hernia
Ulcers
Diverticulitis
Cancer
Haemmorhoids
Rectal prolapse
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Osteophorosis

Rheumatoid

arthritis
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Uterine prolapse

Vaginal
infections

Breast cancer

Prostate cancer
HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM

Anemia

Leukemia
IMMUNOLOGY

INFECTION
PROBLEMS FACED BY OLDAGE IN
SOCIETY
 PHYSICAL ABUSE
 PHYSICAL
NEGLECT
 PSYCHOLOGICAL
ABUSE
 SEXUAL ABUSE
 PSYCHOLOGIC
NEGLECT
 FINANCIAL ABUSE
 VIOLATION OF
PERSONAL
GERNTOLOGICAL NURSING
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
YEAR ACCOMPLISHMENT

1904 First article was published in American

journal of nursing
1925 AJN considers geriatric nursing as a
possible speciality in nursing.
1950 Newton & Anderson publish first geriatric
nursing text book.
1966 ANA creates a division of geriatric nursing.
1970 ANA establishes standards of practice.
1974 Certification in geriatric nursing practice was
offered.
1976 ANA publishes standards for the
 CONT……
1989 ANA certifies gerntological clinical nurse
specialist

1992 ANA redefines long term care to include life

span approach.

1993 National institute of nursing research

established as seperate utility

1994 ANA redefines standards and scope of

gerontological nursing pratice
Scope of gerontological nursing practice

Utilise the nursing process to develop

the aging person’s care plan.
Establish therapeutic relationship with the patient & family
members to facilitate collabration.
Recognise the need & age related changes based on
understanding of spiritual functioning , cultural & emotional
functioning.
Practice as a member of the interdisciplinary team.
Use the standards of gerontological nursing practice.
Collect data to determine the health status and functional
abilities.
Serve as an advocate for the older people & their families.
 contd….

Apply existing body of knowledge In

gerontological nursing practice.
Exercise accountability in delivering care
Encourage in continuing professional
development.
Nursing care of oldage patients

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PROMOTION
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ACUTE CARE

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Nutritional health
Reduce salt intake.
Increased protein
intake.
Simple sugars
should be avoided.
Carbohydrates
should constitute
55% to 60% of
the total calories
SLEEP

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PAIN MANAGEMENT

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DEPRESSION MANAGEMENT

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MEDICATION USE

On an average old adult takes

7
different medications
The frequency of adverse drug
reactions increase as the
number of prescribed
medications increases.
By the age of 75 – 80 there is
a 50% decline in the renal
clearance of the drugs.
SAFETY

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BEHAVIOURAL MANAGEMENT
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GERIATRIC REHABILITATION

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