Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared for
FED SOLAR PRIVATE LIMITED
Prepared by
October 2010
CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE PARTNERS
Detailed Project Report – 5.00 MW Solar Power
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ANNEXURES
ABBREVATIONS
AC Alternating Current
a-Si Amorphous Silicon
GW Giga Watt
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
IREDA Indian Renewable Energy Development Authority
KW Kilo Watt
kWp Kilo Watt peak
kV Kilo Volt
SALIENT FEATURES
1. Location
State Punjab
District : Gurdaspur
TownName of Building : Batala
o
Latitude : 28 34’40”
Longitude : o
77 13’01”
3. Area available
6. Mounting Arrangement
Number of units : 20
Rated Capacity : 250 kWp
Input Voltage range : 880 V (Max.)
Output Voltage : 400 V +/- 10 %
Frequency : 50 Hz
Efficiency : 96.10 %
11. Financials
Chapter - 1
INTRODUCTION
Sustainable Development
Oil, which provides about 40% of global energy needs and about 90% of
transport fuel, is set to start to decline within about ten years. Mr. Campbell warns
that world will have to learn to use less of oil.
World demand drives the rate of depletion. The scenarios projected earlier
assumes that demand will be on average about flat, giving a plateau of
production until the five swing countries of the Persian Gulf are no longer able to offset
the decline of the rest of the world. According to Campbell, this time should be
expected to be reached around 2010 when the demand is placed on these swing
countries to produce over 20 Mb/d (million barrels a day) or about 36% of world
demand. The world production would then have to commence its long term decline
(World Hubbert Peak) he predicts.
SE LE CT ED IN DI CA TO RS AN D TO P FI VE CO U NT RI ES
Investment in new renewable capacity (annual) 104 © 130 © 150 billion USD
1
Renewables power capacity (including only small hydro) 210 © 250 © 305 GW
Renewables power capacity (including all hydro) 1,085© 1,150 © 1,230 GW
Hydropower capacity (existing, all sizes) 920 © 950 © 980 GW
Wind power capacity (existing) 94 © 121 © 159 GW
Solar PV capacity, grid-connected (existing) 7.6 © 13.5 © 21 GW
Solar PV production (annual) 3.7 © 6.9 © 10.7 GW
Solar hot water capacity (existing) 125 © 149 © 180 GWth
Ethanol production (annual) 53 © 69 © 76 billion liters
Biodiesel production (annual) 10 © 15© 17 billion liters
Countries with policy targets 68 © 75 © 85
States/provinces/countries with feed-in policies 2 51 © 64 © 75
States/provinces/countries with RPS policies 50 © 55 © 56
States/provinces/countries with biofuels mandates 53 © 55 © 65
(including
Wind powerall hydro) United States China Germany Spain India
Biomass power United States Brazil Germany China Sweden
Geothermal power United States Philippines Indonesia Mexico Italy
Solar PV (grid-connected) Germany Spain Japan United States Italy
3
Solar hot water/heat China Turkey Germany Japan Greece
The Electricity Act, 2003, is intended to consolidate the laws relating to the generation,
transmission, distribution, trading and use of electricity and generally for taking
measures conducive to the development of electricity industry promoting
competition therein, protecting interest of consumers and supply of electricity to all
areas. Under paragraph 3 (1) of part 2 – ‘National Electricity Policy and Plan’ of The
Electricity Act, 2003, it is provided that, “the Central Government shall from time to time,
prepare the national electricity policy of tariff policy, in consultation with the state
Governments and the Authority for development of the power system based on optimal
utilisation of resources such as coal, natural gas, nuclear substances or materials,
hydro and renewable sources of energy”.
Under paragraph 6.4 “Non-Conventional sources of energy generation including co-
generation, of the Tariff Policy, it is provided that, “Pursuant to provisions of section
86 (i) (e) of the Act, the Appropriate Commission shall fix a minimum percentage for
purchase of energy from such sources taking into account availability of such
resources in the region and its impact on retail tariffs. Such percentage for purchase
of energy should be made applicable for the tariffs to be determined by the SERCs latest
by April 1, 2006.
Around 15,225 MW (around 9.75 % of total installed capacity in the country) capacity of
Renewable Energy projects has been installed in the country. India is planning to add
about 14,500 MW power generating capacity from renewable in the 11th plan (2007-2012).
The environment has become the main driving force behind efforts in use of
renewable energy projects and energy efficiency & conservation. Evidence is
accumulating that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming and climate
change.
The demand for power supply has been increasing considerably due to more & more
industrialization, development of various industries etc. and the need to bring
irrigation facilities to the farms in the dry zones, increased dependency on power in
domestic sector, to meet minimum needs program of electrifying the villages, etc.
The need for harnessing renewable source of energy has, therefore, gained
increased importance not only to meet the growing demand for energy but also for the
fact that sources like coal, oil, petroleum products and other hydro carbons are
fast getting depleted in the world and particularly in India.
The total power generation capacity addition planned for the Tenth and Eleventh Five Year
Plan (2002-2012) is around 1,00,000 MW of which 10% (i.e. 10,000 MW) was aimed as the
share of renewables such as Wind, Solar, Biomass and Small Hydro. India is a tropical
country and has abundant solar insolation throughout the country for most part of the
year. As the seasonal variation is marginal, solar energy can be harnessed economically
throughout the year.
Taking the above factors into consideration, Government of India had formulated a
policy frame work for enhancing the share of renewable energy in the total energy mix
of the country known as National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
On June 30, 2008, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh released India’s first NAPCC
outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and
adaptation. The plan identifies eight core “National Missions” running through
2017 and directs ministries to submit detailed implementation plans to the Prime
Minister’s Council on Climate Change.
Emphasizing the overriding priority of maintaining high economic growth rates to raise
living standards, the plan “identifies measures that promote our development
objectives while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change effectively.”
It says these national measures would be more successful with assistance from
developed countries, and pledges that India’s per capita greenhouse gas emissions
“will at no point exceed that of developed countries even as we pursue our
development objectives.”
ALL INDIA REGI ON WISE GENER ATING INSTALLED CAPAC ITY (MW) OF 6. POW ER UTIL ITIES
INCLU DING ALLOC ATED SHARE S IN JOINT AND CENTRAL SECTOR UTILI TIES
(As on 30 -09-10 )
To promote programmes for off grid applications, reaching 100 MW by 2017 and
2000 MW by 2022.
To achieve 15 million sq. meters solar thermal collector area by 2017 and 20
million by 2022
Chapter - 2
PROJECT SUMMARY
The minimum array capacity at STC will be of 5.00 MWp at the time of
installation and after 1 year of operation.
The total capacity of the 5.00 MWp solar power plant is divided into sub arrays of
230kWp solar power capacity to feed into the 250KW rating power conditioning
units. 24V, 230Wp mono crystalline solar modules 18200 nos. used for this project,
connecting 100 nos in series and such 910 strings in parallel using Array Junction
boxes and Main Junction boxes.
The Junction boxes shall be dust, vermin and water proof and each array
junction boxes shall have suitable reverse blocking diodes and MCB’s for surge
protection.
The project is estimated to generate about 8.33 MUs per annum for 25 years.
Chapter - 3
The geographical area of Punjab is 50,362 sq. km (1.5% of India's total IT lies in
North-west of India. Its average elevation is 300 m from the sea level.
Punjab extends from the latitudes 29.30° North to 32.32° North and longitudes 73.55°
East to 76.50° East. It is bounded on the west by Pakistan, on the north by Jammu
and Kashmir, on the northeast by Himachal Pradesh and on the south by Haryana
and Rajasthan.
Due to the presence of a large number of rivers, most of the Punjab is a fertile plain.
The southeast region of the state is semi-arid and gradually presents a desert
landscape. A belt of undulating hills extends along the northeastern part of the state
at the foot of the Himalayas.
Punjab is situated in the North-Western part of India. The Punjab climate is
determined by the extreme hot and extreme cold conditions. The region lying near
the foot hills of Himalayas receive heavy rainfall whereas the region lying at a distant
from the hills, the rainfall is scanty and the temperature is high. Punjab’s climate
comprises of three seasons. They are the summer months that spans from mid April
to the end of June. The rainy season in Punjab is from the months of early July to
end of September. The winter season in Punjab is experienced during the months of
early December to the end of February. The transitional seasons in Punjab are the
post monsoon season and the post winter season.
The climate of the plains is excessively hot and dry between April and August, with
temperatures as high as 49° C. Winters are cool with some frosts. The average
temperature in January is 13° C, although at night the temperature sometimes lowers to
freezing. In June the average temperature is 34° C occasionally climbing as high as 45°
C.
The rains of the monsoon season begin at the end of June and continue till August.
Annual rainfall ranges from about 915 mm (about 36 in) in the north to 102 mm (4 in) in
the south. Annual average rainfall ranges from 1250 mm in the north to 350 mm in the
southwest. More than 70 percent of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon
season from July to September.
Much of Punjab lies in the Punjab Shelf, bounded on the east by the Delhi-Haridwar
Ridge and on the south by the Delhi-Lahore Ridge. Most earthquakes in this region are
shallow though a few earthquake of intermediate depth have been recorded in Punjab.
However, it must be stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate into a
higher hazard as compared to areas located further away, as damage from earthquakes
depends on numeros factors such as subsurface geology as well as adherence to the
building codes.
The districts of Firozpur, Faridkot, Patiala, Mansa, Sangrur and Bhatinda lie in
Zone III. The districts of Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala,
Ludhiana, and Rupnagar lie in zone IV.
The per capita income at current prices has been estimated at Rs.30,701 in 2004-05
as against Rs.28,607 in 2003-04 showing an increase of 7.32 percent. The Gross State
Domestic Product (GSDP) at Constant (1993-94) prices during 2004-05 was Rs.48532
crores (Q) and the provisional estimates of GSDP for the year 2003-04 was Rs. 46049
crores.
Punjab which has done remarkably well in the field of agriculture is now well on its
way to rapid industrialization through coordinated development of Small, Medium
and Large scale industries. Punjab has predominance of small-scale industry; thanks
to the indomitable spirit and entrepreneurial skills of the Punjabis (people of Punjab).
0.2 million small scale industries and 600 large and medium scale industries
functioning in the state involve fixed capital investment of Rs.54000 Million and
Rs.20400 Million respectively.
The district lies between north-latitude 310-36' and 320-34' and east longitude 740-56'
and 750-24'
Three Tehsils of the district namely Gurdaspur, Batala and Dera Baba Nanak are
plain and similar to the rest of the Punjab plains in structure, genesis lithology and
surface configuration out the northern most part of the district, i.e. Dhar and
Pathankot tehsils are in the foot of Shivalik hills.
The landscape of the Gurdaspur district has varied topography comprising the hilly
tract, undulating plan, the flood plains of the Ravi and the Beas and the up land plain.
The hilly tract covering the north-eastern parts of Pathankot and Dhar tehsils are
typically land topography, ranging in elevation from about 381 to 930 metre above
sea level. From north to south the tract consists of three small ranges running in
north-west to south east direction – The Siali Dhar-Dangahri Dhar range the Dhaula
Dhar-Nag Dhar range and the Rata Dhar range. The Siali Dhar-Dangahri Dhar range
lies to the extreme north. In its western part Siali Dhar is about 931 metres above sea
level at its highest point and in the eastern part about 959 metres. This range is
highly dissected by numerous streams. South of this is situated the Dhaul Dhar-Nag
Dhar which is about 13 km long and at places about 2.5 km. wide and has an
elevation varying from about 610 to 844 metres above sea level.
There are mainly two seasons i.e. summer and winter. The summer season falls
between the months of April to July and the winter November to March. In summer
season the temperature touches 44 0C or even sometimes crosses it. June is the
hottest month and January is the coldest one. Mostly the rain falls in the month of
July. The winter rains are experienced during January and February. The dust storm
occurs in the month of May and June.
The south-west monsoon generally arrives in the first week of July and continues till
end of August. 70% of the rainfall occurs during this period. The average rainfall of
the district is 875.4 millimeters (average of 5 years). The rainfall in the district is
greater in the sub mountain parts of the district and decreases rapidly towards the
southwest.
Chapter - 4
Chapter - 5
This also shall create a revenue stream for renewable energy based power
generating units through trading of carbon credits, green certificates etc.
It may be noted that many devices are needed between the array and the load to
provide electrical power.
The project is of the grid connect system type. The system operates only when the
utility is available. The system consists mainly of the following:
Solar PV array – which produces DC electricity when solar rays are incident on it.
o Power Conditioning Units (PCU) – which convert DC (Direct Current)
electricity into AC (Alternating Current) electricity and facilitate
synchronization with the grid power
o Transformers – which transform the AC output of the Power Conditioning
Units to the level required at the grid
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) circuit within the PCU extracts the
Maximum available power from the solar array and feeds it to the grid. If the grid
voltage and / or frequency go out of the window, the PCU immediately isolates
from the grid.
The PCU will reconnect after a pre-determined time when the grid is back within the
window. When the feed-in power is below a predetermined level or when the solar
insolation is below a selected value for a pre-determined period of time the PCU is
isolated from the grid and is operated in sleep mode. This minimizes the stand by
losses.
As the solar cells have limited linear dimensions, a number of cells are to be
interconnected to provide required voltage and current. These are encapsulated
using a material such as Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) between a transparent
window and moisture – proof backing to insulate and protect them.
NOCT is that value of cell temperature which is reached when the incident solar
radiation is 800 W/m2, ambient temperature is 47 + 2oC and wind velocity is 1
meter/second.
Diodes are used in two ways in a photovoltaic array. Brief details are given below:
These are placed in series with a module to prevent current from flowing
‘backwards’ through to modules.
The inverter is the most complicated part of the PV system. It has to act as the
interface between the PV array and the Grid. As the PV array output varies with the
solar radiation the inverter has to cope with the same.
The Figure above represents the concept of grid connects solar PV system with
feed-in at 33 kV level.
The PCU houses the inverter circuitry which converts DC power supply into AC
power supply, the synchronization circuitry which actualizes the tie-up of solar PV
source to the grid source and the remote monitoring and control circuitry. A
number of PCUs are connected in parallel to buildup the required AC power, and
combiners permit AC output power at 3 Ph, 415 V, 50 Hz to be fed into
transformers.
Depending on the grid voltage level to which the solar PV power is being
synchronized, different levels of step-up transformers may have to be deployed. In
the project under consideration, as the grid voltage is at 66 kV level, there will be
two step-up from 415 V to 11 KV and 11 KV to 66 KV.
The protection and metering circuits are not shown in the schematic diagram but in
the actual scheme of things these play a very significant role. Appropriate
current transformers and potential transformers are used to tap required
feedback signals to initiate action on metering and protection.
Chapter - 6
The exact location of the project site has the following orientation:
o Latitude : 28.56 o N
o
o Longitude : 77.13 E
Climate and site condition of the project location are as follows:
o Elevation above MSL : 242 Meter .
o Ambient Temperature : Max. 46ºC
o Average Ambient : 40ºC
o Minimum Ambient : 2ºC
Relative Humidity
o Average Humidity : 65%
o Peak Humidity : 90%
Some photographs of the project site during execution are given in Annexure VI.
Chapter - 7
Figure below shows the annual mean daily solar radiation pattern in different
parts of India.
kWh/m 2/day
Source: MNRE
7.2.1.1 Overview
Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) was chosen as the first choice for solar cells, since this
material formed the foundation for all advances in semiconductor technology.
The technology led to development of stable solar cells with up to 16% efficiency.
Two types of crystalline silicon cells are used in the industry. The first is
Monocrystalline Si, produced by growing high purity, single crystal Si rods and
slicing them into thin wafers. The second is Multicrystalline Si, made by sawing a
cast block of silicon first into bars and then wafers. Major trend in PV industry is
toward multicrystalline technology. In both mono- and multicrystalline Si, a
semiconductor junction is formed by diffusing phosphorus (an n-type dopant) into
the top surface of an already boron doped (p-type) Si wafer. Screen-printed
contacts are formed on the top and bottom of the cell, with the top contact pattern
specially designed to allow maximum light to enter the Si material and minimize
electrical (resistive) losses in the cell.
Most efficient Solar cells are produced cells using Monocrystalline Si with laser
grooved, buried grid contacts for maximum light absorption and current
collection. Some variants of c-Si technologies are also being tried by the industry.
One of them is to grow ribbons of silicon from a silicon melt, either as a plain two-
dimensional strip or as a hollow octagonal structure and laser cutting into strips.
Another is to melt silicon powder on a cheap conducting substrate. Main
advantage of these is the elimination of kerf loss that prevails in other crystalline
technologies they have limitations by way of lower growth/pulling rates and
poorer uniformity of surface evenness and scalability.
Each c-Si cell generates typically generates about 0.5V. Usually 36 cells are
soldered together in series to generate voltage levels that can charge a standard
12V battery. The cells are hermetically sealed with glass on the front side and
plastic materials at the back to produce highly reliable, weather resistant c-Si
Modules with performance guarantees in excess of 25 years. Typical c-Si cell is
shown in Figure below:
7.2.1.2 Advantages:
Highest efficiency levels (14.5% to16%)
Project implementation can be done in stages starting with Module assembly and
backward integration to wafer fabrication stage or the other way from Wafer to Cell
to Module
7.2.1.3 Disadvantages:
In c-Si technology consumption of material (Silicon) is far more than what is
actually needed for converting light into electricity.
o
Melting point of Silicon being high (1415 C) power consumption is high in
Polysilicon production and Wafer fab processes.
From the historic trends on crystalline production, it can be observed that in the last
decade, the share of multi-crystalline modules has gradually increased from 42.1% to
45.2%.
Solar Photovoltaic industry commenced using scrap silicon and off-grade silicon
from semiconductor industry in the initial stages and solar photovoltaic industry
also followed the highly energy intensive and delicate CZ process for growing
crystals to sliced wafers. However, as the size of the industry increased and as the
scarcity of silicon feedstock started impacting the industry, in addition to the
significant cost increases on account of electrical energy costs, the multi-
crystalline silicon commenced carving out more share. This was basically due to
the fact that for multi-crystalline process, the two initial steps, which are high
energy consuming of silicon purification and crystal growing, are eliminated.
Multi-crystalline process uses only off-grade and scarp silicon as feedstock.
Over the years, due to continuous research, the efficiency levels of multi-
crystalline have also almost got up with single crystalline cells at 14-15%.
In Thin Film Solar Cell / Module technology, very thin layers and a chosen
semiconductor material (ranging from nanometer level to several micrometers in
thickness) are deposited on to either coated glass or stainless steel or a polymer.
The semiconductor junctions are formed in a different way, either as a p-i-n
device structure in amorphous silicon, or as a hetero-junction. A transparent
conducting oxide layer (such as tin oxide) forms the front electrical contact of the
cell, and a metal layer forms the rear contact. Thin film technologies are all
complex. They have taken at least twenty years, supported in some cases by
major corporations, to get from the stage of promising research to the first
manufacturing plants producing early product. Typical Thin Film Silicon solar cell is
shown in Figure below:
7.2.2.2. Advantages
Significant lower material cost per Wp
Higher energy performance (Thin Film modules generate more electricity per unit of
installed capacity than crystalline silicon modules)
7.2.2.3. Disadvantages
Suffers from Less than adequate conversion efficiency
For fixed modules generation will be maximum at the tilt of the angle of latitude.i.e.
o
28 .
Chapter - 8
The major equipments and materials associated with 5.00 MWp grid connected
solar power plant are;
o Solar module of composite 5MWp capacity including mounting frames,
structure and interconnection cables.
o Array Junction Boxes and Main Junction Boxes.
o Power Conditioning Units (PCU).
o LT Switch gear interface Panel.
o 415V/11KV Generation Transformer and associated switch gear.
o HT Switch Gear Panel with protection, indication and measuring instruments.
o Earthing system for DC and AC systems.
o Data Acquisition system with remote monitoring facilities.
The total capacity of the 5 MWp solar power plant is divided into sub arrays of
230kWp solar power capacity to feed into the 250KW rating power conditioning units.
24V, 280Wp monocrystalline solar modules 182 00 nos used for this project,
connecting 100 nos in series and such 910 strings in parallel using Array Junction
boxes and Main Junction boxes. Array Layout is attached as annexure VIII.
The data sheet of PV module is attached as annexure IX
The Junction boxes shall be dust, vermin and water proof; each array junction
boxes shall have suitable reverse blocking diodes and MCB’s for surge
protection. These solar modules are mounted on single module mounting
structures specially designed for fixing over Kalzip railings. The outputs of the
Main Junction Boxes connected to the Power Conditioning Units (PCU) for
converting the DC power into AC power and then export the solar energy into the
grid through LT panel, Transformer and HT Panel.
The PCU’s automatically turn on and off successively sensing the availability of
grid power and the solar irradiation varies over the day. PCUs convert the DC
output of the photovoltaic arrays into the three phase AC power using reliable,
high efficiency IGBT as the primary switching devices. The PCU’s having all the
necessary automatic synchronization equipments built inside to sync with grid
and export the solar energy. The PCU’s has the built in Isolation transformer to
provide the galvanic isolation when solar array is grounded and it allow the
inverter to match the voltage of utility grid. The specification sheet of the PCU
considered is attached as annexure X
The output of the PCU’s connected to the LT panel trough suitable incoming
breaker, measuring instruments, selector switches and mimic diagram. The
output of LT interface panel connected by bus duct to the 0.415/11KV step up
Transformer. The generation transformer shall be having all the required
monitoring and protection equipments. The output of transformer connected to the
fully draw out type HT panel and HT vacuum circuit breaker. HT panel is built with
protective relays, auxiliary relays, control switches, indicating lamps,
enunciators and mimic diagram. The output of the HT panel shall be connected to
the utility grid point with required metering panel for grid export.
All the equipments like solar array, Junction boxes, PCU, LT Panel, Transformer
and HT panels are suitably earthed using copper earth pits. Earthing in general
shall cover equipment earthing, system neutral earthing and static lightning-
protection
The computer aided data acquisition system provided to continuously monitor
and record the various parameters of solar power plant both on DC and AC side.
This data shall be saved in the local PC and same can be controlled from
remotely through the telephone line.
The data acquisition system shall measure and continuously recording of the
following parameters –
The exportable power from the plant shall be evacuated by stepping-up the
power from 415 V to 11 kV through a 415 V/ 11 kV, 1.25 MVA transformers.
Trivector meter that will be provided in the plant’s control building or as per
BRPL’s requirement and will have main & checking arrangement, and these shall be
agreed upon with the BRPL. The tariff meters shall register import as well as export
parameters.
Oil collection pits and soak pits for the transformers shall also be constructed. All
cables in switchyard shall be neatly laid/ dressed and shall be barricaded inside
trenches along the length with fire proof bricks.
Suitable provisions shall be made for installing a fire hydrant system at the SPV
Power Plant premises. The arrangement shall also include supply
of uninterrupted water supply from the nearest fire hydrant point to the power
plant area.
Chapter - 9
DESIGN CRITERIA
The module frames shall be made of corrosion resistant material, which shall be
electrically compatible with the structural material used for mounting the
modules.
The module shall be provided with a junction box with provision of external screw
terminal connection and with arrangement for provision of by-pass diode. The
box should have hinged, weatherproof lid with captive screws and cable gland
entry points.
The Junction Boxes shall have suitable arrangement for the following:
o Combine groups of modules into independent charging sub-arrays
o Provide arrangement for disconnection for each of the groups
o Provide a test point for each sub-group for quick fault location
o To provide group array isolation
o The current carrying rating of the Junction Boxes shall be suitable with
adequate safety factor to inter connect the Solar PV array.
9.3.2 Power Cond iti oning Unit (PCU) wit h Sync hron iza tion Cir cuitry
PCU should be having efficiency levels of 95% and above. Each inverter shall be
with minimum capacity of 250kW. The output power factor of the PCU should be of
suitable range to supply or sink reactive power. The PCU shall have internal
protection arrangement against any sustained fault in feeder line and lightning in
feeder circuit. The PCU should be three phase static solid state type power
conditioning unit. Both AC & DC lines shall have suitable fuses and contactors to
allow safe start up and shut down of the system. Fuses used in the DC circuit
should be DC rated. The PCU shall have provision for input & output isolation.
PCU shall have arrangement for adjusting DC input current and should trip
against sustainable fault downstream and shall not start until the fault is rectified.
PCU front panel shall be provided with display (LCD or equivalent) to monitor the
following:
o DC power input
o DC input voltage
o DC current
o AC power output
o AC voltage (all the 3 phases and line)
o AC current (all the 3 phases and line)
o Power factor
Provision should be available in the PCU for Remote Monitoring of all the
parameters mentioned under paragraph above and other important data.
The Panel shall be floor mounted type. All the measuring instruments such as
voltmeter, ammeter, frequency meter, Electronic Energy Meter (for measuring the
deliverable units for sale), selector switches, Mimic front panel will be
present.
The data acquisition system shall perform the following operations, which include
the measurement and continuous recording of:
o Ambient Air Temperature near Array Field
o Control Room Temperature
o Module Back Surface Temperature
o Wind Speed at the level of Array Plane
o Solar Radiation incidental to Array Plane
o Inverter Output
o System Frequency
o DC Bus output
o Energy delivered to the GRID in kWh
All data shall be recorded chronologically date wise. The data file should be MS
Excel compatible. The data logger shall have internal reliable battery backup to
record all sorts of data simultaneously round the clock. All data shall be stored in a
common work sheet chronologically.
Representation of monitored data in graphics mode or in tabulation form. All
instantaneous data can be shown in the Computer Screen Provision should be
available for Remote Monitoring through GPS system.
The source of over voltage can be lightning or other atmospheric disturbance. The
Lightning Conductors shall be made as per applicable Indian Standards in order
to protect the entire Array Yard from Lightning stroke.
Necessary concrete foundation for holding the lightning conductor in position will
9.7.1 LT Side
The earthing for array and LT power system shall be as required as per
provisions of IS. Necessary provision shall be made for bolted isolating joints of
each earthing pit for periodic checking of earth resistance. Each Array structure of
the SPV Yard shall be grounded properly.
The array structures are to be connected to earth pits as per IS standards. The
earthing for the power plant equipment shall be made as per provisions of IS.
Necessary provision shall be made for bolted isolating joints of each earthing pit
for periodic checking of earth resistance.
The complete earthing system shall be mechanically and electrically connected to
provide independent return to earth. All three phase equipment shall have two
distinct earth connections. An Earth Bus shall be provided inside the control
room. For each earth pit, necessary Test Point shall have to be provided.
In compliance to Rule 33 and 61 of Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 (as amended up
to date), all non-current carrying metal parts shall be earthed with two
separate and distinct earth continuity conductors to an efficient earth electrode.
9.7.2 HT Side
The 11 KV side equipments and parts shall be earthed as required as per
provisions of IS.
The Transformer manufacturer shall provide Test Certificates carried out on the
Transformers as per relevant IS standards.
9.10.2 Circuit Breakers and Other Isolators and Protective and Metering
Arrangements
Appropriate Circuit breakers and Isolators shall be provided as per the relevant
Indian Standards and IE rules.
The system shall be designed with appropriate CTs & PTs to have all relevant
protection arrangements like Reverse Power, Over Current, Earth fault relays etc. In
addition CTs and PTs shall also be provided for metering purposes as elsewhere
specified.
Chapter - 10
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL –
REQUIREMENT, AVAILABILITY AND
SUITABILITY
10.1 MATERIALS
The major items involved are:
o Solar PV Power Plant
o Power Evacuation System at Power Plant
Chapter - 11
11.1 OVERVIEW
This section of the report outlines the operation and maintenance philosophy to be
adopted for the proposed grid connected SPV power plant. These broad outlines,
given here, will provide useful guidelines for the basic and detailed engineering of
the plant, so that all the requirements of the operation and maintenance of the
plant are met and provided for in the engineering stage itself.
The production of power from SPV plant is generally a static affair with no moving
parts. The SPV array produces electricity by deploying SPV modules which are
warrantied for 10 years on product workmanship, for 12 years on performance of
power not less than 90 % of the nominal power and for 25 years on performance of
power not less than 80 % of the nominal power. Once properly selected and
installed these require no major maintenance. The DC power produced by the array
is converted into AC power by a battery of PCUs which need some attention because
of electronics involved.
The AC output at 415 V level is stepped up 11 kV by a set of transformers. These
transformers and associated switch gear need proper preventive maintenance. The
most important aspect of the system which needs proper monitoring is the
synchronizations which ensure the availability of power to the grid. Single Line
Diagram of the project is attached as annexure XI
The plant instrumentation and control system should be designed to ensure high
availability and reliability of the plant to assist the operators in the safe and
efficient operation of the plant. It should also provide for the analysis of the
historical data and help in the plant maintenance people to take up the plant and
equipment on preventive maintenance.
remedial measures to bring back the plant and equipment to its original parameters.
Solar photovoltaic systems are highly reliable and require minimal maintenance. Several
maintenance activities need to be completed at regular intervals during the lifetime of
the system
Table 8 shown below is a list of key activities planned for preventive maintenance in this
project.
Every
Semi 10
Activity Cont inuou s Annually Annually Years Maintenance Action
Check solar Display as Remote monitoring System with
compared with solar critical alarms based on compari ng
insolation sets of data
Cleaning of Module b y water Visual inspection regularl y. Cleaning
spraying for removal of dust on monthl y basis or as and when
deposited required
Review array output, current More Substantial, on-site check in a
and voltage to verify power random pattern to verify computer
operation output
Particularly for gr ound-mounted
Watch for Shadin g by trees, system, vegetation growth can vary
weeds, other obstructions from year to year
If rainfall is not expected to remo ve
Inspect the PV array surface any accumulation, the surface will be
for excessive dirt or debris cleaned wi th a gentle rinse with
(bird dro pping, leaves, etc.) plain water or mild deterg ent
Chapter - 12
.
12.1 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The most essential aspect regarding the implementation of this SPV power
project is to ensure the project completion within the schedule, spanning for
seven months from the commencement date.
Chapter - 13
PROJECT ORGANIZATION
13.1 STAFF
Depending on the O&M requirements the firm will make necessary arrangements for
proper implementation of O&M.
This will be through direct presence of the firms staff or through their local
technology partners.
Typically, the power plant will be under the charge of an engineer supported by
adequate staff for security and O&M.
Exact origination structure and the number of staff will depend on the site
conditions which will be assessed during the implementation of the project.
13.2 TRAINING
During the commissioning of the plant, training will be imparted to the Engineer,
Supervisor and Operators.
Chapter - 14
The envisaged benefits from development projects can be fully realized only if
they are environmentally sustainable and socially sound.
The proposed solar power project would create an impact on the environment in
two distinct phases:
o During the construction phase and
o During the operation phase which would have long term effects.
The impacts envisaged during the construction of the proposed plant are:
Impact on Soil
o There is no negative effect of the proposed project on the soil, since the
project is installed at rooftop.
Impact on Terrestrial Ecology
o There is no negative effect of the proposed project on the terrestrial
ecology of the area.
Impact on Aquatic Ecology
o There is no tank, lake, river or surface water body very close to the project
site.
Hence no impact is envisaged in the construction phase on the aquatic
ecology of the area.
Chapter - 15
COST ESTIMATE
3 PV Modules 50.95
Chapter - 16
The viability of the project is based on the generation of the energy, which has
been obtained from RET screen International – Clean Energy Project Analysis
Software results which on back end consider past twenty two years of average
solar radiation data available at NASA website for the project site location.
The fund required from the government for the project is expected to be repaid
within a period of 10 years after construction period of 1 2 months. Term loan is
st
proposed to be repaid in 36 equal quarterly installments, considering 1 year as
moratorium period.
Interest rate for term loan is considered as 1 2 .5 % per annum and sensitivity
analysis has been done for the interest rate of 10 % and 14 %.
Depreciation has been worked out as per CERC guidelines after having 10 %
salvage value.
The CDM benefits available would certainly improve the financials of the project.
It is a clear benefit of the project, which is strengthening the repayment capacity as
well other financial parameters. It is estimated that about 768 9 tonnes of CO 2
emission is reduced (i.e. 7689 CER is generated). Grid Emission factor for
Northern Grid is 0.923.
CER revenue is being considered as per the existing KYOTO Protocol. CERs
selling rate considered as 12 Euro per CER and foreign exchange rate as Rs 65 per
Euro as per the current scenario. Estimated Revenue generation is Rs 55. 36 Lacs
per annum.
CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE PARTNERS
Detailed Project Report – 5.00 MW Solar Power
ANNEXURES
CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE PARTNERS
Detailed Project Report – 5.00 MW Solar Power
Annexure - I
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
1. Introduction
The National Solar Mission is a major initiative of the Government of India and State
Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s
energy security challenge. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the
global effort to meet the challenges of climate change.
In launching India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change on June 30, 2008, the
Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh stated:
The National Action Plan on Climate Change also points out: “India is a tropical
country, where sunshine is available for longer hours per day and in great intensity.
Solar energy, therefore, has great potential as future energy source. It also has the
advantage of permitting the decentralized distribution of energy, thereby empowering
people at the grassroots level”.
Based on this vision a National Solar Mission is being launched under the brand
name “Solar India”.
Page 1 of 15
recognizes that there are a number of off-grid solar applications particularly
for meeting rural energy needs, which are already cost-effective and provides
for their rapid expansion.
2. Scalability: India is endowed with vast solar energy potential. About 5,000
trillion kWh per year energy is incident over India’s land area with most parts
receiving 4-7 kWh per sq. m per day. Hence both technology routes for
conversion of solar radiation into heat and electricity, namely, solar thermal
and solar photovoltaics, can effectively be harnessed providing huge
scalability for solar in India. Solar also provides the ability to generate power
on a distributed basis and enables rapid capacity addition with short lead
times. Off-grid decentralized and low-temperature applications will be
advantageous from a rural electrification perspective and meeting other
energy needs for power and heating and cooling in both rural and urban
areas. The constraint on scalability will be the availability of space, since in all
current applications, solar power is space intensive. In addition, without
effective storage, solar power is characterized by a high degree of variability.
In India, this would be particularly true in the monsoon season.
The objective of the National Solar Mission is to establish India as a global leader in
solar energy, by creating the policy conditions for its diffusion across the country as
quickly as possible.
Page 2 of 15
The Mission will adopt a 3-phase approach, spanning the remaining period of the
th th
11 Plan and first year of the 12 Plan (up to 2012-13) as Phase 1, the remaining 4
th th
years of the 12 Plan (2013-17) as Phase 2 and the 13 Plan (2017-22) as Phase 3. At
the end of each plan, and mid-term during the 12th and 13 th Plans, there will be an
evaluation of progress, review of capacity and targets for subsequent phases, based
on emerging cost and technology trends, both domestic and global. The aim would
be to protect Government from subsidy exposure in case expected cost reduction
does not materialize or is more rapid than expected.
The first phase will announce the broad policy frame work to achieve the objectives
of the National Solar Mission by 2022. The policy announcement will create the
necessary environment to attract industry and project developers to invest in
research, domestic manufacturing and development of solar power generation and
thus create the critical mass for a domestic solar industry. The Mission will work
closely with State Governments, Regulators, Power utilities and Local Self
Government bodies to ensure that the activities and policy framework being laid out
MNRE Page 3 of 15
can be implemented effectively. Since some State Governments have already
announced initiatives on solar, the Mission will draw up a suitable transition
framework to enable an early and aggressive start-up.
The key driver for promoting solar power would be through a Renewable Purchase
Obligation (RPO) mandated for power utilities, with a specific solar component. This
will drive utility scale power generation, whether solar PV or solar thermal. The Solar
Purchase Obligation will be gradually increased while the tariff fixed for Solar power
purchase will decline over time.
The Mission in its first two phases will promote solar heating systems, which are
already using proven technology and are commercially viable. The Mission is
setting an ambitious target for ensuring that applications, domestic and industrial,
below 80 °C are solarised. The key strategy of the Mission will be to make necessary
policy changes to meet this objective:
A key opportunity for solar power lies in decentralized and off-grid applications. In
remote and far-flung areas where grid penetration is neither feasible nor cost
effective, solar energy applications are cost-effective. They ensure that people with
no access, currently, to light and power, move directly to solar, leap-frogging the
fossil fuel trajectory of growth. The key problem is to find the optimum financial
strategy to pay for the high-end initial costs in these applications through appropriate
Government support .
Currently, market based and even micro-credit based schemes have achieved only
limited penetration in this segment. The Government has promoted the use of
decentralized applications through financial incentives and promotional schemes.
While the Solar Mission has set a target of 1000 MW by 2017, which may appear
small, but its reach will add up to bringing changes in millions of households . The
strategy will be learn from and innovate on existing schemes to improve
effectiveness. The Mission plans to:
• Provide solar lighting systems under the ongoing remote village electrification
programme of MNRE to cover about 10,000 villages and hamlets. The use of
MNRE Page 4 of 15
solar lights for lighting purposes would be promoted in settlements without
access to grid electricity and since most of these settlements are remote tribal
settlements, 90% subsidy is provided. The subsidy and the demand so
generated would be leveraged to achieve indigenization as well as lowering of
prices through the scale effect. For other villages which are connected to grid ,
solar lights would be promoted through market mode by enabling banks to
offer low cost credit.
• Set up stand alone rural solar power plants in special category States and
remote and difficult areas such as Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,
Ladakh region of J&K. Border areas would also be included.
Promotion of other off grid solar applications would also be encouraged. This
would include hybrid systems to meet power, heating and cooling energy
requirements currently being met by use of diesel and other fossil fuels. These
devices would still require interventions to bring down costs but the key challenge
would be to provide an enabling framework and support for entrepreneurs to develop
markets.
Currently, the bulk of India’s Solar PV industry is dependent on imports of critical raw
materials and components – including silicon wafers. Transforming India into a solar
energy hub would include a leadership role in low-cost, high quality solar
manufacturing, including balance of system components. Proactive implementation
of Special Incentive Package (SIPs) policy, to promote PV manufacturing plants,
including domestic manufacture of silicon material, would be necessary.
MNRE Page 5 of 15
temperature applications need to be built. An incentive package, similar to SIPS,
could be considered for setting up manufacturing plants for solar thermal systems/
devices and components.
The SME sector forms the backbone for manufacture of various components and
systems for solar systems. It would be supported through soft loans for expansion of
facilities, technology upgradation and working capital. IREDA would provide this
support through refinance operations.
It should be ensured that transfer of technology is built into Government and private
procurement from foreign sources.
E. R&D for Solar India: creating conditions for research and application
A Solar Research Council will be set up to oversee the strategy, taking into account
ongoing projects, availability of research capabilities and resources and possibilities
of international collaboration.
Pilot demonstration projects would be closely aligned with the Mission’s R & D
priorities and designed to promote technology development and cost reduction. The
Mission, therefore, envisages the setting up of the following demonstration projects
in Phase I, in addition to those already initiated by MNRE and those, which may be
set up by corporate investors:
1. 50-100 MW Solar thermal plant with 4-6 hours’ storage (which can
meet both morning and evening peak loads and double plant load
factor up to 40%).
MNRE Page 6 of 15
4. 20-50 MW solar plants with/without storage, based on central receiver
technology with molten salt/steam as the working fluid and other
emerging technologies.
The configurations and capacities as mentioned above are indicative and would be
firmed up after consultations with various stakeholders. Bidding process will be
adopted to set up solar power demonstration plants which would help in better price
discovery for determining tariff for solar power. It will be ensured that indigenous
content is maximized. The bid documents will also include a technology transfer
th
clause. It is expected that these plants will be commissioned in the 12 plan period.
5. Proposed Roadmap
The aspiration is to ensure large-scale deployment of solar generated power for grid-
connected as well as distributed and decentralized off-grid provision of commercial
energy services. The deployment across the application segments is envisaged as
follows:
The objective of the Mission is to create a policy and regulatory environment which
provides a predictable incentive structure that enables rapid and large-scale capital
investment in solar energy applications and encourages technical innovation and
lowering of costs.
Although in the long run, the Mission would seek to establish a sector-specific legal
and regulatory framework for the development of solar power, in the shorter time
frame, it would be necessary to embed the activities of the Mission within the existing
framework of the Electricity Act 2003. The Electricity Act already provides a role for
MNRE Page 7 of 15
renewables but given the magnitude and importance of the activities under the
Mission, it would be necessary to make specific amendments. The National Tariff
Policy 2006 mandates the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC) to fix a
minimum percentage of energy purchase from renewable sources of energy taking
into account availability of such resources in the region and its impact on retail tariff.
National Tariff Policy, 2006 would be modified to mandate that the State electricity
regulators fix a percentage for purchase of solar power. The solar power purchase
obligation for States may start with 0.25% in the phase I and to go up to 3% by 2022.
This could be complemented with a solar specific Renewable Energy Certificate
(REC) mechanism to allow utilities and solar power generation companies to buy
and sell certificates to meet their solar power purchase obligations.
The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission has recently issued guidelines for
fixing feed-in-tariff for purchase of Solar power taking into account current cost and
technology trends. These will be revised on an annual basis. The CERC has also
stipulated that Power Purchase Agreement that utilities will conclude with Solar
power promoters, should be for a period of 25 years.
In order to enable the early launch of “Solar India” and encourage rapid scale up, a
scheme is being introduced in cooperation with the Ministry of Power, the NTPC and
the Central Electricity Authority, which would simplify the off-take of solar power and
minimize the financial burden on Government.
Many investors are willing to set up solar based power plants. However, sale of
power by the IPPs may be an issue due to the high cost of power and realization of
tariff for the same from the distribution companies.
NTPC has a wholly owned subsidiary company engaged in the business of trading of
power – NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd. (NVVN). NVVN will be designated as
nodal agency by the Ministry of Power (MoP) for entering into a Power Purchase
Agreement (PPA) with Solar Power Developers. The PPAs shall be signed with the
developers who will be setting up Solar Projects within next three years (i.e. upto
March 2013) and are connected to the grid at 33 KV level and above. The PPAs will
be valid for a period of 25 years. For each MW of solar power installed capacity for
which PPA is signed by NVVN, MOP shall allocate to NVVN an equivalent amount of
MW capacity from the unallocated quota of NTPC stations.
NVVN will bundle this power and sell this bundled power at a rate fixed as per CERC
regulations. In case of significant price movement in the market rate, the
Government will review the situation.
MNRE Page 8 of 15
When NVVN supplies the bundled power to distribution utilities, those distribution
utilities will be entitled to use part of the bundled power to meet their RPO, as
determined by the regulatory authorities. The CERC may issue appropriate
guidelines in this regard. At the end of the first phase, well-performing utilities with
proven financial credentials and demonstrated willingness to absorb solar power,
shall be included in the Scheme, in case it is decided to extend it into Phase II.
The Mission will encourage rooftop solar PV and other small solar power plants,
connected to LT/11 KV grid, to replace conventional power and diesel-based
generators. Operators of solar PV rooftop devices will also be eligible to receive the
feed-in tariff fixed by the CERC, both on the solar power consumed by the operator
and the solar power fed into the grid. Utilities will debit/credit the operator for the net
saving on conventional power consumed and the solar power fed into the grid, as
applicable. A Generation Based Incentive will be payable to the utility to cover the
difference between the solar tariff determined by CERC, less the base price of Rs.
5.50/kWh with 3% p.a. escalation. The metering and billing arrangements between
the utility and the rooftop PV operator, will be as per guidelines/regulations of the
appropriate commission.
Fiscal incentives
MNRE Page 9 of 15
facilities will be required to manufacture concentrator collectors, receivers and other
components to meet the demand for solar thermal power plants.
To achieve the installed capacity target, the Mission recommends the following:
o Zero import duty on capital equipment, raw materials and excise duty
exemption
o Low interest rate loans, priority sector lending
o Incentives under Special Incentive Package (SIPs) policy to set up
integrated manufacturing plants; (i) from poly silicon material to solar
modules; and (ii) thin film based module manufacturing plants. . Under
the SIP scheme of the Department of Information Technology, there
are 15 applications in the domain of solar photovoltaic, which includes
cell manufacturing, (both crystalline and thin film) and poly-silicon
manufacturing among others. The combined capacity projected by
these 15 companies could result in the production of 8-10 GW solar
power by the year 2022 which would be sufficient for meeting the
Mission targets even after accounting for exports.
o It is also recommended that solar components be covered under the
Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s star rating programme to ensure high
standards.
Similar incentives will be required for manufacture of CSP systems and their
components. A Committee may be set up to formulate a policy for promotion of solar
thermal manufacture in the country.
This Mission will launch a major R&D programme in Solar Energy, which will focus
on improving efficiency in existing applications, reducing costs of Balance of
Systems, testing hybrid co-generation and addressing constraints of variability,
space-intensity and lack of convenient and cost-effective storage.
MNRE Page 10 of 15
The R&D strategy would comprise dealing with five categories viz. i) Basic research
having long term perspective for the development of innovative and new materials,
processes and applications, ii) Applied research aimed at improvement of the
existing processes, materials and the technology for enhanced performance,
durability and cost competitiveness of the systems/ devices, iii) Technology
validation and demonstration projects aimed at field evaluation of different
configurations including hybrids with conventional power systems for
obtaining feedback on the performance, operability and costs, iv) development
of R&D infrastructure in PPP mode, and v) support for incubation and start ups.
To support the R&D Strategy, the Mission may include the following:
- The NCE will provide a national platform for networking among different
centers of excellence and research institutions, including foreign R&D
institutions and high-tech companies.
- The NCE will serve as the funding agency to support performance-linked solar
R&D programmes. This will include funding, or co-funding of pilot
demonstration projects in areas relevant to Mission objectives. Funding will
need to be adequate, predictable and should typically cover a time frame
extending from 5-10 years.
MNRE Page 11 of 15
- The NCE will be the main interface with international research institutions,
research groups from foreign countries, high-tech start-up companies and
multilateral programmes (such as those which may emerge from current
negotiations under the UNFCCC). It will encourage joint projects between
international partners and Indian centres of excellence, with sharing of IPR, as
also encourage the setting up of R&D bases in India by advanced high-tech
companies from abroad.
- The NCE will coordinate with the IMD, ISRO and other concerned agencies,
the detailed mapping of ground insulation, particularly in high potential solar
regions of the country. Accurate and reliable data is a critical requirement for
all solar applications, in particular, concentrated solar power (CSP).
In order to provide support for incubation and start ups, the Mission could tie up with
institutions like Centre for Innovation, Incubation and Entrepreneurship (CIIE) based
in IIM Ahmedabad to incubate solar energy start-ups and SMEs in India through
mentoring, networking and financial support. A fund could be established to aim at
supporting at least 50 start-ups developing and deploying solar related technologies
across India over the next 5 years and would be managed by a professional entity.
The Fund shall be structured as a Venture Fund and would be operated as a hub
and spoke model with the professional entity coordinating the fund activities and also
identifying like minded institutions for administering the fund. The Fund would
provide financial (equity/debt) support to start-ups, entrepreneurs and innovators for
R&D and pilot of new solar related technologies and for creating new and unique
business models which have a potential of increasing the deployment of solar related
technologies in India – for all segments including consumer, SME and commercial
usage. The initiative shall be structured ideally in a private-public partnership model,
to be able to provide risky capital to the aspiring entrepreneurs. It would also attract
contributions from private stakeholders, amounting to, at least 10% of that of the
Government. The returns generated on the Government support to the Fund shall be
ploughed back for further promoting incubation activities in this space.
The Mission would also explore the possibility of collaborating with CSIR to launch
an Open Source Solar Development initiative on similar lines as the Open Source
Drug Discovery platform of CSIR
The rapid and large-scale diffusion of Solar Energy will require a concomitant
increase in technically qualified manpower of international standard. Some capacity
already exists in the country, though precise numbers need to be established.
MNRE Page 12 of 15
However, it is envisaged that at the end of Mission period, Solar industry will employ
at least 100,000 trained and specialized personnel across the skill spectrum. These
will include engineering management and R&D functions.
o IITs and premier Engineering Colleges will be involved to design and develop
specialized courses in Solar Energy,with financial assistance from
Government. These courses will be at B. Tech, M. Tech and Ph. D level.
Some of the IITs, Engineering Colleges and Universities are teaching solar
energy at graduation and post graduation level. Centres for Energy studies
have been set up by some of the IITs and engineering colleges. These
initiatives will be further strengthened. In addition, a countrywide training
programme and specialized courses for technicians will be taken up to meet
the requirement of skilled manpower for field installations and after sales
service network. The Directorate General of Education and Training under
the Ministry of Labour has agreed to introduce training modules for course
materials for technicians in order to create a skilled workforce which could
service and maintain solar applications. MNRE has already initiated this
activity with the Ministry of Labour and a short term training module is to be
introduced during the current academic session. In addition, industry is also
working with some of the ITIs to create a skilled work force.
MNRE Page 13 of 15
The broad contours of an autonomous and enabled Mission would comprise of:
i) A Mission Steering Group, chaired by the Minister for New and Renewable
Energy and composed of representatives from all relevant Ministries and
other stakeholders, will be set up to over see the over all implementation of
the National Solar Mission. The Mission Steering Group will be fully
empowered to approve various schemes/ projects/ policies and the related
financial norms for all schemes covered under the National Solar Mission
(NSM). The Mission Steering group will also authorize any
modifications/deviations in the norms on ongoing schemes.
ii) A Mission Executive Committee, chaired by Secretary, Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, will periodically review the progress of implementation of
the projects approved by the Mission Steering Group.
iii) An empowered Solar Research Council headed by an eminent scientist will
advise the Mission on all R&D, technology and capacity building related
matters. In addition, Industry Advisory Council will advise the Mission on all
matters relating to industrial development, technology
transfer/absorption/joint ventures, incentives and investment related matters.
iv) A Mission Director, with the rank of an Additional Secretary, would head the
Mission secretariat and be responsible for day to day functioning and also
achieving the goals laid out in a time bound manner. The Mission Secretariat
would have Joint secretary/ Scientist G level officers including other
scientists, experts and consultants.
The fund requirements for the Mission would be met from the following sources or
combinations:
MNRE Page 14 of 15
i) Budgetary support for the activities under the National Solar Mission
established under the MNRE;
ii) International Funds under the UNFCCC framework, which would enable
upscaling of Mission targets.
The Mission strategy has kept in mind the two-fold objectives, to scale-up
deployment of solar energy and to do this keeping in mind the financial constraints
and affordability challenge in a country where large numbers of people still have no
access to basic power and are poor and unable to pay for high cost solutions.
The funding requirements and arrangements for Phase II will be determined after a
review of progress achieved at the end of the 11 th Plan and an analysis of the
efficacy of the model adopted for capacity building of utility scale solar power.
MNRE Page 15 of 15
Annexure - II
MISSION RESOLUTION BY
MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
84
No.5/14/2008-P&C
Government of India
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
3. The Mission will adopt a 3-phase approach, spanning the remaining period of the
th th
11 Plan and first year of the 12 Plan (up to 2012-13) as Phase 1, the remaining 4 years of
th th
the 12 Plan (2013-17) as Phase 2 and the 13 Plan (2017-22) as Phase 3. At the end of
th th
each plan, and mid-term during the 12 and 13 Plans, there will be an evaluation of
progress, review of capacity and targets for subsequent phases, based on emerging cost
and technology trends, both domestic and global. The aim would be to protect
Government from subsidy exposure in case expected cost reduction does not materialize
or is more rapid than expected.
1
7
20,000 MW or more, will be dependent on the ‘learning’ of the first two phases,
which if successful, could lead to conditions of grid-competitive solar power. The
transition could be appropriately up scaled, based on availability of international
finance and technology.
To promote programmes for off grid applications, reaching 2000 MW by 2022
including 20 million solar lighting systems.
6. The Government has given In Principle approval to the over all targets
proposed for the various activities covered under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission.
7. The Government has also decided to approve the implementation of the first
phase of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission during 2009-2013 and the
target to set up 1,000 MW grid connected ( 33 KV and above) solar plants,100 MW of roof
top and small solar plants connected to LT/11 KV grid and 200 MW capacity
equivalent off-grid solar applications in the first phase of the Mission, till March, 2013. An
amount of Rs.4337 crore has been approved for the activities proposed under the first
phase of the Mission till March 2013.
9. 100 MW capacity of solar roof top and small grid connected solar power plants will be
connected to LT/11 KV grid of the distribution utility and the solar power will be
directly purchased by the distribution utilities as per the norms and guidelines fixed in
this regard.
10. 200 MW equivalent capacity of off-grid solar applications, both solar thermal and
photovoltaic will be implemented through a combination of low interest bearing loans
and /or central financial assistance. as per the norms and guidelines fixed in this
regard.
11. In addition, the Mission will support various activities, as considered necessary, on
R&D, Human Resource Development, Technical Assistance, training, publicity and
awareness etc. for successful implementation of the Mission
12. The detailed guidelines for implementation of each of the above components of the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission will be issued separately.
(Gauri Singh)
Joint Secretary to the Government of India
Order
(Gauri Singh)
Joint Secretary to the Government of India
Annexure - III
To To To
Transformer Transformer Transformer
Incomer 1 TO AC Plant Incomer 2
1 2 3
Annexure - IV
Project Site
Coram
1. Dr. Pramod Deo, Chairperson
2. Shri R. Krishnamoorthy, Member
3. Shri S.Jayaraman, Member
4. Shri V.S.Verma, Member
THE MATTER OF
ORDER
Central Commission”) has been vested with the following functions under clauses (a) and
(b) of Section 79 of the Electricity Act, 2003 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”):
(a) To regulate the tariff of the generating companies owned or controlled by the
Central Government;
(b) To regulate the tariff of generating companies other than those owned or
otherwise have a composite scheme for generation and sale of electricity in more
regulations, the terms and conditions for the determination of tariff in accordance with the
provisions of the said section and the National Electricity Policy and Tariff Policy. Sub-
section (h) of Section 61 of the Act stipulates that while determining tariff, the
from renewable sources of energy. Clause 6.4 of the Tariff Policy entrusts the
3. In exercise of the powers vested under Section 61 read with Section 178 of the Act
and after previous publication, the Commission has notified the Central Electricity
Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions for Tariff determination from Renewable
The RE Regulations provide for terms and conditions and the procedure for
(e) Solar Photo voltaic (PV) and Solar Thermal Power Projects.
the generic tariff on the basis of the suo motu petition, for the RE technologies for which
norms have been provided in the regulations. Generic Tariff is different from the project
specific tariff for which a project developer has to file petition before the commission as
per the format provided in the RE regulations. Pertinently, project specific tariff has been
envisaged for the new RE technologies and the technologies which are still at the
nascent stage of development, and the Commission shall determine the project specific
shall determine the generic tariff on the basis of suo motu petition at least six months in
advance at the beginning of each year of the Control period for renewable energy
technologies for which norms have been specified under the Regulations.” As the first
year of the control period has already commenced with the notification of the regulations
with effect from 16.9.2009, the Commission in due discharge of the mandate under
projects for the first year of control period (i.e. FY 2009-10) through this order based on
USEFUL LIFE
life’ in relation to a unit of a generating station (including evacuation system) to mean the
following duration from the date of commercial operation of such generation facility:
determination of tariff for renewable energy projects (RE projects) shall be of three years
of which the first year is to be considered from the date of notification of these regulations
till 31.3.2010. Proviso to the said regulation stipulates that the tariff determined for the RE
projects commissioned during the control period shall continue to be applicable for the
However, the benchmark cost for Solar PV and Solar thermal may be reviewed by the
Commission annually.
TARIFF PERIOD
RE projects is as under:
In terms of clauses (4) and (5) of the said regulation, the tariff period specified
above shall be reckoned from the date of commercial operation of the RE projects and
the tariff determined under the regulations shall be applicable for the duration of the tariff
period.
TARIFF STRUCTURE
9. Clause (1) of Regulation 9 of the RE Regulations stipulates that the tariff for RE
projects shall be single part tariff consisting of the following fixed cost
For renewable energy technologies having fuel cost component, like biomass
power projects and non-fossil fuel based cogeneration, single part tariff with two
TARIFF DESIGN
10. In terms of Regulation 10 of the RE Regulations, the tariff design for renewable
“(1) The generic tariff shall be determined on levellised basis for the Tariff Period.
Provided that for renewable energy technologies having single part tariff with two
components, tariff shall be determined on levellised basis considering the year of
commissioning of the project for fixed cost component while the fuel cost
component shall be specified on year of operation basis.
(2) For the purpose of levellised tariff computation, the discount factor equivalent to
weighted average cost of capital shall be considered.
(3) Levellisation shall be carried out for the ‘useful life’ of the Renewable Energy while
tariff shall be specified for the period equivalent to ‘Tariff Period.”
LEVELLISED TARIFF
11. Levellised Tariff is calculated by carrying out levellisation for ‘useful life’ of each
The discount factor considered for this purpose is equal to the weighted average cost of
the capital on the basis of normative debt: equity ratio (70:30) specified in the
Regulations. Considering the normative debt equity ratio and weighted average of the
rates for interest and equity component, the discount factor is calculated.
Interest Rate considered for the loan component (i.e. 70% ) of Capital Cost is
14.29% (as explained later ). For equity component (i.e. 30%) rate of Return on Equity
(ROE) for the first ten (10) years is 19% and for 11th year onward till useful life of the RE
project the rate is 24%. Based on these rates, the weighted average of rate of ROE has
The discount factor derived by this method for each technology is as shown in the
following table:
Discount
Rate (%) 16.60 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.45 16.45 16.60 16.60
CAPITAL COST
12. Regulation 12 of the RE Regulations stipulates that the norms for the capital cost
as specified in the technology specific chapter shall be inclusive of all capital works like
plant and machinery, civil works, erection and commissioning, financing and interest
13. Wind Power projects located at the wind sites having minimum annual Wind Power
Density(WPD) of 200 Watt/m2 measured at hub height of 50 meters and using new wind
turbine generators are eligible for tariff determination under the RE Regulations.
Regulation 24 provides that the capital cost for wind energy project shall include wind
turbine generator including its auxiliaries, land cost, site development charges and other
charges and IDC. The normative capital cost of the wind energy projects shall be Rs.515
lakh/MW for the year 2009-10 being the first year of the control period and shall be
subject to the adjustment over the control period on account of changes in the wholesale
price index for steel and electrical machinery as per the indexation mechanism specified
14. Small Hydro Projects for the purpose of the RE Regulations cover those projects
which are located at the sites approved by the State Nodal Agencies/State Governments
using new plant and machinery and with installed power plant capacity lower than or
capital cost for small hydro projects during the first year of the control period i.e. FY 2009-
2010:
Region Project Size Capital Cost
(Rs in lakh/ MW)
Himachal Pradesh, Below 5 MW 700
Uttarakhand and North 5 MW to 25 MW 630
Eastern States
Other States Below 5 MW 550
5 MW to 25 MW 500
The capital cost for subsequent years of the control period shall be determined on
the basis of indexation formula under Regulation 29 to cater for the changes in the
15. Biomass power project for the purpose of these regulations covers the projects using
new plant and machinery based on Rankine cycle technology application using water
cooled condenser, and biomass fuel sources where use of fossil fuel is limited to 15% of
the normative capital cost for the biomass power projects based on Rankine cycle
technology application using water cooled condenser shall be Rs.450 lakh/MW for the
first year of the control period i.e. 2009-10 for tariff determination.
16. Non-fossil based cogeneration has been defined as the process in which more than
Regulation 4(4) of the RE Regulations, a project to qualify as the non-fossil based co-
generation project must be using new plant and machinery with topping cycle mode of
operation which uses the non-fossil fuel input for power generation and utilizes the
thermal energy generated for useful heat applications in other industrial activities
simultaneously, and where the sum of useful power output and half of useful thermal
output is greater than 45% of the plant’s energy consumption during the season. The
normative capital cost of the non-fossil based co-generation project shall be Rs.445
lakh/MW for 2009-10 i.e. the first year of the control period.
17. Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) power projects which directly convert solar energy into
electricity using the crystalline silicon or thin film technology or any other technology
as approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and are connected to the
grid qualify for the purpose of tariff determination under the RE Regulations. As
per Regulation 57, the normative capital cost for Solar PV Power Project shall be
18. In order to qualify for tariff determination under the RE Regulations, Solar Thermal
Power Project shall be based on concentrated solar power technologies with line
focusing or point focusing as may be approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy and which uses direct sunlight to generate sufficient heat to operate a
Regulations, the normative capital cost for Solar Thermal Power Project shall be Rs.1300
(Rs in lakh/MW )
DEBT-EQUITY RATIO
20. Clause (1) of Regulation 13 of the RE Regulations provides that the debt-equity
ratio of 70:30 is to be considered for determination of generic tariff based on suo motu
petition.
21. Based on the debt equity ratio of 70:30, the debt and equity components of the
normative capital cost for determination of tariff for the RE projects have been worked out
as under:
(Rs in lakh)
(3) Biomass
315 135
RETURN ON EQUITY
22. Clause (1) of Regulation 16 of the RE Regulations provides that the value base for
the equity shall be 30% of the capital cost for generic tariff determination. Clause (2) of
(a) Pre-tax 19% per annum for the first 10 years, and
th
(b) Pre-tax 24% per annum from the 11 year.
23. In accordance with the above regulations, return on equity has been worked out in
respect of the RE generating technologies taking the value base of equity as 30% of the
Equity
opening 154.5 210 189 165 150 135 133.5 510 390
(Rs in
lakh)
Return on
Equity for
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
the first 10
years (%)
Return on
Equity
after first 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
10 years
(%)
Weighted
average
22 22.57 22.57 22.57 22.57 21.50 21.50 22 22
rate on
ROE (%)
INTEREST ON LOAN
24. Clause (1) of Regulation 14 of the RE Regulations provides that the loan tenure of
Clause (2) of the said regulation provides for computation of the rate of interest on loan
as under:
“(a) The loans arrived at in the manner indicated above shall be considered as gross
normative loan for calculation for interest on loan. The normative loan outstanding as on
April 1st of every year shall be worked out by deducting the cumulative repayment up to
March 31st of previous year from the gross normative loan.
(b) For the purpose of computation of tariff, the normative interest rate shall be considered
as average long term prime lending rate (LTPLR) of State Bank of India (SBI) prevalent
during the previous year plus 150 basis points.
(c) Notwithstanding any moratorium period availed by the generating company, the
repayment of loan shall be considered from the first year of commercial operation of the
project and shall be equal to the annual depreciation allowed.”
25. In terms of the above, the computations of interest on loan for determination of
tariff in respect of the RE projects treating the value base of loan as 70% of the capital
cost and the weighted average of SBI prime lending rate for the financial year 2008-09
(Rs in lakh)
Details Wind Small Hydro Biomass Non-fossil Solar Solar
Energy fuel co- PV Thermal
generation
Less than 5 Between 5 Other Other
MW MW to 25MW States states
(Himachal (Himachal (below (5 MW
Pradesh, Pradesh, 5 MW to 25
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand MW)
and North and North
Eastern Eastern
States) States
Gross loan
opening (Rs 360.5 490 441 385 350 315 311.5 1190 910
in lakh)
Period of
repayment 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Rate of
interest (%) 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29
DEPRECIATION
“(1) The value base for the purpose of depreciation shall be the Capital Cost of the asset
admitted by the Commission. The Salvage value of the asset shall be considered as 10%
and depreciation shall be allowed up to maximum of 90% of the Capital Cost of the asset.
(2) Depreciation per annum shall be based on ‘Differential Depreciation Approach’ over
loan tenure and period beyond loan tenure over useful life computed on ‘Straight Line
Method’. The depreciation rate for the first 10 years of the Tariff Period shall be 7% per
annum and the remaining depreciation shall be spread over the remaining useful life of
the project from 11th year onwards.
(3) Depreciation shall be chargeable from the first year of commercial operation.
Provided that in case of commercial operation of the asset for part of the year,
depreciation shall be charged on pro rata basis.”
27. In accordance with the above, the rate of depreciation for the first 10 years has
been considered as 7% and the rate of depreciation from the 11th year onwards has been
Rate of depreciation
after first 10 years (%) 1.33 0.80 2.00 2.00 1.33 1.33
28. Regulation 18 of the RE Regulations provides for the working capital requirements of
“(1) The Working Capital requirement in respect of wind energy projects, small hydro
power, solar PV and Solar thermal power projects shall be computed in accordance with
the following :
(3) Interest on Working Capital shall be at interest rate equivalent to average State Bank of
India short term PLR during the previous year plus 100 basis points”
29. Receivables equivalent to two months of actual fixed cost have been considered.
The interest on working capital has been worked out as specified below for determination
(Rs in lakh)
Details Wind Small Biomass Non-fossil Solar Solar
Energy Hydro fuel co- PV Thermal
generation
(A) For Fixed charges
Biomass/Bagasse stock - - 4 4 - -
(months)
(C ) Rate of Interest on
13.79 13.79 13.79 13.79 13.79 13.79
working capital (%)
(1) Operation and Maintenance or O&M expenses’ shall comprise repair and
maintenance (R&M), establishment including employee expenses, and administrative
and general expenses.
(2) Operation and maintenance expenses shall be determined for the Tariff Period based on
normative O&M expenses specified by the Commission subsequently in these
Regulations for the first Year of Control Period.
(3) Normative O&M expenses allowed during first year of the Control Period (i.e.FY 2009-
10) under these Regulations shall be escalated at the rate of 5.72% per annum over the
Tariff Period.”
31. The normative O&M expenses for various RE technologies specified under the
(a) Wind Energy: Regulation 27 of RE Regulations provides that the normative O&M
expenses for the first year of the control period (i.e. 2009-10) is Rs 6.50 lakh per MW and
shall be escalated at the rate of 5.72% per annum over the tariff period for determination
(b) Small Hydro: Regulation 32 of RE Regulations provides that the normative O& M
expenses for small hydro projects for the year 2009-10 shall be as given in the table
below and shall be escalated at the rate of 5.72% per annum over the tariff period for
expenses for biomass based projects for the year 2009-10 shall be Rs 20.25 lakh/MW
and shall be escalated at the rate of 5.72% per annum over the tariff period for
normative O&M Expenses for non-fossil fuel co-generation projects for the year 2009-10
is Rs 13.35 lakh per MW which shall be escalated at the rate of 5.72% per annum over
(e) Solar PV: In terms of Regulation 59 of RE Regulations, the normative O&M expenses for
solar PV projects for the year 2009-10 is Rs 9.00 lakh/MW which shall be escalated at the
rate of 5.72% per annum over the tariff period for determination of the levellised tariff.
(f) Solar Thermal: Regulation 63 specifies the normative O&M expenses for solar
thermal power projects during the first year of operation as Rs 13.0 lakh/MW which shall
be escalated at the rate of 5.72% per annum over the tariff period for determination of the
levellised tariff.
32. The normative O&M expenses have been worked out as specified above for
33. Regulations 26, 30, 58 and 62 of the RE Regulations specify the norms for
Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) in respect of the renewable energy generating stations
except biomass and non- fossil fuel based cogeneration as per the details given in the
34. In terms of clause (2) of Regulation 26 of the RE Regulations, the annual mean
wind power density specified above is to be measured at 50 meter hub-height and as per
clause (3), for the purpose of classification of wind energy project into particular wind
zone class, the State-wise wind power density map prepared by Centre for Wind Energy
35. Regulation 36 of the RE Regulations specifies the plant load factor for biomass
based renewable energy generating stations as given in the table below which has been
fuel based co-generation projects as under, computed on the basis of plant availability for
number of operating days considering the operations during crushing season and off-
season and load factor of 92%. The number of operating days for different States as
Uttar Pradesh
120 days (crushing)+ 60 days (off-season) = 180 days 45%
and Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Na du and
Maharashtra 180 days (crushing)+ 60 days (off-season) = 240 days 60%
Other States 150 days (crushing) + 60 days (off-season) = 210 days 53%
37. Regulations 31, 37, 50 and 64 of the RE Regulations stipulate the auxiliary power
consumption factor as under which has been considered for determination of tariff of the
RE projects :
Biomass 10.0%
38. The Station Heat Rates (SHR) specified under Regulations 38 and 51 of the RE
Regulations for biomass and non-fossil fuel based co-generation projects are as under:
SHR
Renew able Energy Projects (kCal / kWh)
Biomass 3800
FUEL
39. Clause (1) of Regulation 40 of the RE Regulations stipulates that the biomass
based power generating stations are to be designed in a way that it uses different types
of non-fossil fuels available within the vicinity of biomass power project such as crop
residues, agro-industrial residues, forest residues etc. and other biomass fuels as may be
approved by the Ministry of Non-Renewable Energy (MNRE). Clause (2) of the said
regulations stipulates that the biomass power generating companies are to ensure fuel
management plan to ensure adequate availability of fuel to meet the respective project
requirements.
limited to the extent of 15% of total fuel consumption on annual basis and in terms of
Regulation 42 of the said regulations the mechanism for monitoring the use of fossil fuel
is as under:
“(1) The Project developer shall furnish a monthly fuel usage statement and
monthly fuel procurement statement duly certified by Chartered Accountant to
the beneficiary (with a copy to appropriate agency appointed by the Commission
for the purpose of monitoring the fossil and non-fossil fuel consumption) for each
month, along with the monthly energy bill. The statement shall cover details such
as;
(a) Quantity of fuel (in tonnes) for each fuel type (biomass fuels and fossil fuels)
consumed and procured during the month for power generation purposes;
(b) Cumulative quantity (in tonnes) of each fuel type consumed and procured till
the end of that month during the year;
(c) Actual (gross and net) energy generation (denominated in units) during the
month;
(d) Cumulative actual (gross and net) energy generation (denominated in units)
until the end of that month during the year;
(f) Receipt of fuel quantity (in tonnes) at the power plant site; and
(g) Closing fuel stock quantity (in tonnes) for each fuel type (biomass fuels and
fossil fuels) available at the power plant site.
(2) Non-compliance with the condition of fossil fuel usage by the project developer,
during any financial year, shall result in withdrawal of applicability of tariff as per
these Regulations for such biomass based power project.”
41. In terms of Regulation 43 of the RE Regulations the calorific value of biomass fuel
42. In terms of Regulation 52 of the said regulations, the gross calorific value for
43. In terms of Regulation 44 of the RE Regulations, the biomass fuel price during the
Biomass pr ice
State
(Rs/MT)
Andhra Pradesh 1301
Haryana 2168
Maharashtra 1801
Punjab 2092
Rajasthan 1822
Tamilnadu 1823
Uttar Pradesh 1518
Other States 1797
44. In terms of Regulation 53 of the RE Regulations, the price of bagasse (for non-
fossil fuel based co-generation projects) during the period 2009-10 shall be as indicated
Bagasse price
State
(Rs/MT)
Haryana 1411
Maharashtra 1123
Punjab 1398
Tamilnadu 1243
“The Commission shall take into consideration any incentive or subsidy offered by
the Central or State Government, including accelerated depreciation benefit if
availed by the generating company, for the renewable energy power plants while
determining the tariff under these Regulations.
Provided that the following principles shall be considered for ascertaining income
tax benefit on account of accelerated depreciation, if availed, for the purpose of
tariff determination:
ii. Capitalisation of RE projects during second half of the fiscal year. Per unit
benefit shall be derived on levellised basis at discount factor equivalent to
weighted average cost of capital.”
46. In terms of the above regulation, for the projects availing the benefit of Section 80
IA of the Income Tax Act, 1961, the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) @ 16.995% (15%
MAT+10% surcharge+3% education cess) for the first ten years and thereafter the
normal tax rate @ 33.99% (30% IT rate+ 10% surcharge +3% Education cess) has been
5.28% as per straight line method (Book depreciation as per Companies Act, 1956) has
been compared with depreciation as per Income Tax rate i.e. 80% of the written down
value method and depreciation for the first year has been calculated at the rate of 50% of
80% i.e 40%, as project is capitalized during the second half of the financial year as per
proviso (ii) to Regulation 22. Tax benefit has been worked out as per MAT/normal tax
rate on the net depreciation benefit. Per unit levellised accelerated depreciation benefit
has been computed considering the weighted average cost of capital as discount factor.
47. In the light of the discussion made in the preceding paragraphs, the generic tariffs
of the following RE projects for the financial year 2009-10 have been determined as
under:
Wind Energy
HP,
Uttarakhand
3.90 (0.23) 3.67
and NE States
(Below 5MW)
HP,
Uttarakhand
and NE States 3.35 (0.21) 3.14
(5MW to 25
MW)
48. The detailed calculations of the generic tariff are annexed to this order as per the
49. The above generic tariff is for the RE power projects commissioned during the FY