Institute of Technology of Cambodia

Department of Rural Engineering

Hurricane
Lecturer: Mrs. Hak Danet
Department of Rural
Prepared by: Engineering
Group 4
Group’s members
1. Chea Sokthearith (e20130040)
2. Mak Vanchhuoy (e20130413)
3. Sok Pannha (e20130728)
4. Hour Vengseang (e20130219)
5. Nov Pagna (e20130511)
1
Content
1. Introduction
2. Type of Hurricanes
3. Cause of Hurricane
4. Outcomes of A Hurricane
5. Impact of hurricane
6. Solution and mitigation
7. Case Study (Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana (USA) )
8. Conclusion
9. References

2
Introduction
• Definition: A hurricane is a type of serious
swirling storm called a tropical cyclone,
which forms over tropical or subtropical
waters.

3
Type of Hurricane
• Category 1: Winds 119-153 km/hr (74-95 mph) - faster than a cheetah
• Category 2: Winds 154-177 km/hr (96-110 mph) - as fast or faster than a baseball
pitcher's fastball
• Category 3: Winds 178-208 km/hr (111-129 mph) - similar, or close, to the serving
speed of many professional tennis players
• Category 4: Winds 209-251 km/hr (130-156 mph) - faster than the world's fastest
rollercoaster
• Category 5: Winds more than 252 km/hr (157 mph) - similar, or close, to the speed
of some high-speed trains

4
Causes of Hurricane
Hurricanes occur because their source of energy is water vapor, which is evaporated
from the ocean surface. It releases the latent heat of condensation when it condenses to
form clouds and rain, warming the surrounding air. The heat was absorbed by the water
vapor when it was evaporated from the warm ocean surface, so the warm ocean cools
down; a hurricane is like the Earth's air condition that helps to cool the Earth.

5
 Outcomes of A Hurricane
• Storm surge and tidal flooding
• High Winds
• Tornadoes
• Heavy rain and flooding

6
Impact of Hurricane
• Social impacts:
• It left people homeless, stranded and unemployed.
• Make people die.
• The effects on the people were devastating. Food and fresh water was so
scarce that people were forced to the streets, which resulted in violence, racial
aggression, theft and murder.
• Health issue

7
Impact of Hurricane (Cont)
• Economic impacts
• It’s main effect is to retard development. A flood stricken area must first be
restored to normal before any development can take place. Restoration takes
time.
• The damage done is incalculable
• In addition to the directly determinable losses may be added to the indirect
potential losses. This results from lack of productivity in many areas i.e
business, commerce, trade etc.
• All these losses can wipe out whatever gains that may have been achieved in
economic development.

8
Impact of Hurricane (Cont)
• Environmental Impact:
Hurricanes generate strong winds that can completely defoliate forest canopies
and cause dramatic structural changes in wooded ecosystems. Animals can either
be killed by hurricanes or impacted indirectly through changes in habitat and
food availability caused by high winds, storm surge, and intense rainfall.

9
Mitigation
• Families and individuals
• Empower Your Household (Emergency Telephone Numbers, First Aid skill,
Home Hazards awareness)
• Assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit (Water, Food, Bedding, Clothing, First Aid
Kit, Special Items, Radio, Telephones, Money etc.)
• Create a Disaster Plan (Gather and Share Information, Meet with Neighbors,
Other Planning Measures)
• Secure Your Home (Retrofitting)
• Preparing During a Hurricane Watch (Tv, Radio, Evacuation plan, Refill car
tank)

10
Solution
• Rebuilding Communities
• Repairing and Strengthening Infrastructure
• Rebuilding natural protection
• Engineering a new levee system
• Restoring Transportation, Shipping, Public Buildings and Re-Opening Ports
• Restoring Energy and Water
• Rebuilding the Economy, Protecting Workers
• Restoring the Environment and Parks
• Providing Health Care, Social Services, Food and Education

11
Case study: Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana
Most costly disaster in 2005
≈ $108 Billion
• Category 5 (175 mph, or
280 km/h)
• August 23rd to August
30th, 2005
• Affected some 90,000
square miles of the United
States
• ≈1,800 fatalities
200,000 homes destroyed
• 800,000 displaced
• 80% of New Orleans Was
Flooded by Hurricane
12
Katrina
Mitigation
80% of New
Orleans is
below sea level

• Man-made Levees and Floodwalls

• Hurricane Warning Days in Advance:
o Initially predicted as a level 2 hurricane,

(but turned into a level 5 overnight)

o Approximately 85% of Population

evacuated
• Mayor opened the Superdome for voluntary
evacuation
• Designated evacuation routes.
13
Solution: National
500 Different
Organizations

• Delivered materials
o Food, water, ice, medicine
• Dealt with bodies/ mortuary
• Medical services
• Search and rescue
• $50 billion in aid was
given by the
government.

14
Solution: International
Several
donations include
Oman: Pledged $15
million
Japan: $800,000 worth of tents
Denmark: Water and emergency supplies, but one
individual donated $1 million of
purification units his own.

Russia: First country to Poland: Made offers of

offer assistance. help and assistance
Supplies and rescue
team Philippines: Offered to
sent a 25 team of aid And many more!
workers and Red Cross
donated $25,000
15
 Solution After:
• Improved Levee and Floodwall
System (560 km of Levees and
Floodwalls)
• Diverted water from Mississippi
River to rebuild wetlands
• Established a network of back-up warehouses which are
enough to feed and shelter 350,000 residents

16
 CONCLUSION
To sum up, hurricane is such an extreme natural disaster and it spread out many bad
impacts. However, we still have some solution and mitigation to deal with its
impacts. Significantly, people should know the preparedness and the mitigation to
hurricane. Lastly, we cannot stop hurricane but we can still reduce and prevent its
serious impact to us.

17
 References
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/hurricanes_re
v1.shtml

http://www.history.com/topics/hurricane-katrina

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php

http://www.binglebogfacts.com/hurricane-katrina-facts/

18
19