CHAPTER 1 REVIEW 12.

3π 8
2.3 4 7 2.75
3
SECTION 1.1
The Language of Algebra

1. a. C = 2t + 15 13. a. false
25 b. true
b. l =
w 14. a. false
c. P = u – 3
b. true
2. 15. a. –16 > –17
p T = 30p 1
b. – (–1.8) < 2
6.0 30(6.0) = 180 2
6.5 30(6.5) = 195 16. a. false
7.0 30(7.0) = 210 b. true
7.5 30(7.5) = 225
8.0 30(8.0) = 240 17. − 18 = 18

3. w – 43 18. − − 6.26 = −6.26

1
4. ( x − 10 )
3 SECTION 1.3
Operations with Real Numbers
SECTION 1.2
The Real Number System 19. –13 + (–14) = –27
5. a. 7 20. –70.5 + 80.6 = 10.1
b. 0, 7
1 1 1 2 1
6. a. –5, 0, 7 21. − − = − i −
2 4 2 2 4
2 15
b. –5, 0, 2.4, 7, − , − 3.6, 2 1
3 4 =− −
4 4
3
7. a. − 3, π , 0.13242368... =−
4
b. all
22. –6 – (–8) = –6 + 8
2
8. a. −5, − 3, − , − 3.6 =2
3
15 23. (–4.2)( –3.0) = 12.6
b. 2.4, 7, π, , 0.13242368…
4
1 5 5
24. − ⋅ =−
9. a. 7 10 16 160
b. none 1
=−
32
10. a. 0
b. –5, 7
− 2 .2
25. = 0 .2
11. − 11

Chapter 1 Review - 76 -
 9 9 1 41. 4 − (5 − 9) 2 = 4 − (−4) 2
26. − ÷ 21 = − ⋅
8 8 21 = 4 − 16
3 = −12
=−
56
42. 4 + 6[−1 − 5(25 − 33 )] = 4 + 6[−1 − 5(25 − 27)]
27. 15 – 25 – 23 = –10 – 23 = 4 + 6[−1 − 5(−2)]
= –33
= 4 + 6[−1 + 10]
28. –3.5 + (–7.1) + 4.9 = –10.6 + 4.9 = 4 + 6[9]
= –5.7 = 4 + 54
29. –3(–5)( –8) = 15(–8) = 58
= –120
43. 2 −1.3 + (−2.7) = 2 −4
30. –1(–1)( –1)( –1) = 1(–1)( –1) = 2(4)
= –1(–1) =8
=1

31. (–3)5 = –243 ( 7 − 6 ) 4 +32 (1) 4 +32

44. =
( ) 36 − ( 4 + 1)
2 2
36 − 16 + 1
⎛ 2 ⎞ ( −2 )
2 2

32. ⎜ − ⎟ = 2 1 + 32
=
⎝ 9⎠ 9
36 − ( 5 )
2

4
= 33
81 =
36 − 25
33
33. ( 0.4 ) = 0.064
3
=
11
=3
34. –52 = – (5)(5) = –25

35. 4 =2
3 ⎛ −6 ⎞
45. ( −10 ) ⎜ ⎟ ( −1) = ( −1,000 )( 3)( −1)
⎝ −2 ⎠
36. − 100 = −10
= −3,000 ( −1)
9 9 = 3,000
37. =
25 25
3
= 46. −(−2 ⋅ 4) 2 ÷ 8 ⋅ 2 = −(−8) 2 ÷ 8 ⋅ 2
5
= −64 ÷ 8 ⋅ 2
38. 0.64 = 0.8 = −8 ⋅ 2
= −16
39. −6 + 2(−5) 2 = −6 + 2(25)
= −6 + 50
= 44 (
47. ( x + y ) ( x2 − xy + y2 ) = ( −2 + 4) ( −2)2 − ( −2)( 4) + ( 4)2 )
= ( 2)( 4 + 8 +16)
−20
40.
4
( )
− ( −3)( −2 ) − 1 = −5 − 6 ( −1) = ( 2)( 28)
= 56
= −5 + 6
=1

- 77 - Chapter 1 Review
 −b − b2 − 4ac −(−3) − (−3) − 4(2)(−2)
2 63. (3x – 2y)1.2 = 3.6x – 2.4y
48. =
2a 2(2)
3 − 9 + 16
64.
4
(
3 2
)
8c − 4c + 1 = 6c 2 − 3c +
3
4
=
4
3 − 25 65. 8(6k) = 48k
=
4
3−5 66. (–7.5x)( –10y) = 75xy
=
4
67. –9(–3p)( –7) = –189p
−2
=
4 68. 15a + 7 + 30a + 9 = 45a + 16
1
=−
2 69. 3g2 + g2 – 3g2 – g2 = 0

SECTION 1.4 70. –m+4(m–12n) – (–8n) = –m + 4m – 48n + 8n

Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Using = 3m – 40n
Properties of Real Numbers
7 3 7 4 3 5
49. 3(x + 7) = 3x + 21 71. x− x= ⋅ x− ⋅ x
5 4 5 4 4 5
28 15
50. t · 5 = 5t = x− x
20 20
51. –x + x = 0 13
= x
20
52. (27 + 1) + 99 = 27 + (1 + 99)
72. 21.45l – 45.99l = –24.54l
1
53. ⋅ 8 = 1
8 ( ) (
73. 4 ⎡⎣ −2 a 3 − a 2 − 2 3a 2 − 6a 3 ⎤⎦ )
54. 0 + m = m = 4 ⎡⎣ −2a3 + 2a 2 − 6a 2 + 12a3 ⎤⎦
= 4 ⎡⎣10a3 − 4a 2 ⎤⎦
55. 1 · 9.87 = 9.87
= 40a3 − 16a 2
56. 5(–9)(0)(2,345) = 0
3 5 6 27 5 5
57. (–3 · 5)2 = –3(5 · 2) 74. ( 2h + 9 ) − ( h − 1) = h + − h +
4 4 4 4 4 4
1 32
58. (t + z) · t = (z + t) · t = h+
4 4
102 1
59. a. =1 = h+8
102 4
− 25
b. = −25 SECTION 1.5
1
Solving Linear Equations Using Properties of
Equality
0
60. a. =0
6
75. 6 – x ≟ 2x + 24
5.88
b. = undefined 6 – (–6) ≟ 2(–6) + 24
0
6 + 6 ≟ –12 + 24
61. 8(9x + 6) = 72x + 48 12 = 12
Yes, –6 is a solution.
62. –(6y – 2) = –6y + 2

Chapter 1 Review - 78 -
 5 82.
76. (x − 3) = −12 − 3x − 7 + x = 6 x + 20 − 5 x
3
5 ? − 2 x − 7 = x + 20
(− 6 − 3) =− 12
3 − 2 x − 7 − x = x + 20 − x
5 ?
− 3x − 7 = 20
(− 9) =− 12
3 − 3x − 7 + 7 = 20 + 7
-15 ≠ -12 − 3 x = 27
No, –6 is not a solution.
− 3x 27
=
−3 −3
77. x = −9
x
= −45
5
83.
⎛ x⎞
5 ⎜ ⎟ = 5 ( −45 ) −4( y − 1) + ( −3) = 25
⎝5⎠
x = −225 −4 y + 4 + ( −3) = 25
−4 y + 1 = 25
−4 y + 1 − 1 = 25 − 1
78.
t − 3.67 = 4.23 −4 y = 24
t − 3.67 + 3.67 = 4.23 + 3.67 −4 y 24
=
−4 −4
t = 7.9
y = −6

79.
0.0035 = 0.25 g 84.
0.0035 0.25 g 5 + 3 ⎡⎣ 2 − 13 ( x − 1) ⎤⎦ = 17 − 18 x
=
0.25 0.25 5 + 3[ 2 − 13x + 13] = 17 − 18 x
0.014 = g 5 + 3[ −13x + 15] = 17 − 18 x
5 − 39 x + 45 = 17 − 18 x
80. −39 x + 50 = 17 − 18 x
0= x+4 −39 x + 50 + 18 x = 17 − 18 x + 18 x
0−4= x+4−4 −21x + 50 = 17
−4 = x −21x + 50 − 50 = 17 − 50
x = −4 −21x = −33
−21x −33
=
81. −21 −21
11 − 5 x = −1 11
x=
11 − 5 x − 11 = −1 − 11 7
−5 x = −12
−5 x −12
=
−5 −5
12
x=
5

- 79 - Chapter 1 Review
85. 89.
8 2 4t + 1 t + 5 t − 3
( x − 5) = ( x − 4) − =
3 5 3 6 6
8 2 ⎛ 4t + 1 t + 5 ⎞ ⎛ t − 3 ⎞
15i ( x − 5 ) = 15i ( x − 4 ) 6⎜ − ⎟ = 6⎜ ⎟
3 5 ⎝ 3 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠
40 ( x − 5 ) = 6 ( x − 4 ) 2( 4t + 1) − (t + 5) = t − 3
40 x − 200 = 6 x − 24 8t + 2 − t − 5 = t − 3
40 x − 200 − 6 x = 6 x − 24 − 6 x 7t − 3 = t − 3
34 x − 200 = −24 7t − 3 − t = t − 3 − t
34 x − 200 + 200 = −24 + 200 6t − 3 = −3
34 x = 176 6t − 3 + 3 = −3 + 3
34 x 176 6t = 0
=
34 34 6t 0
88 =
x= 6 6
17 t =0

86. 90.
3y y 33.9 − 0.5(75 − 3 x) = 0.9
− 14 = − − 1
4 3 33.9 − 37.5 + 1.5 x = 0.9
⎛ 3y ⎞ ⎛ y ⎞ − 3 .6 + 1 .5 x = 0 .9
12⎜ − 14 ⎟ = 12⎜ − − 1⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ − 3 .6 + 1 .5 x + 3 .6 = 0 .9 + 3 .6
9 y − 168 = −4 y − 12 1.5 x = 4.5
9 y − 168 + 4 y = −4 y − 12 + 4 y 1.5 x 4.5
13 y − 168 = −12 =
1.5 1.5
13 y − 168 + 168 = −12 + 168 x=3
13 y = 156
91.
13 y 156
= 2( x − 6) = 10 + 2 x
13 13
2 x − 12 = 10 + 2 x
y = 12
2 x − 12 − 2 x = 10 + 2 x − 2 x
87. –12 ≠ 10
− k = −0.06 no solution, ∅; contradiction
− k − 0.06
= 92.
−1 −1
− 5 x + 2 x − 1 = −(3x + 1)
k = 0.06
− 5 x + 2 x − 1 = −3 x − 1
88. − 3 x − 1 = −3 x − 1
5 − 3 x − 1 + 3x = −3 x − 1 + 3x
p = −10
4 − 1 = −1
4 5 4
i p = i−10 all real numbers, ℝ; identity
5 4 5
p = −8
SECTION 1.6
Solving Formula; Geometry

93. 10.5 + 12.5 + 3.5 + 4.5 = 31 ft

Chapter 1 Review - 80 -
94. C = d π 1
97. V = π r 2 h for h
≈ 17 ( 3.14159 ) 3
≈ 53.41 cm 1
3 ⋅V = 3 ⋅ π r 2h
A = π r2 3
⎛d⎞
2
3V = π r 2 h
=π ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠ 3V π r 2 h
=
⎛ 17 ⎞
2 π r2 π r2
=π ⎜ ⎟ 3V
⎝ 2⎠ =h
π r2
= π ( 8.5 )
2
3V
h= 2
= π ( 72.25 ) πr
≈ 3.14159 ( 72.25 )
≈ 226.98 cm 2 Mv0 2 + Iw2
98. K= for M
2
4 Mv 2 + Iw2
95. V = π r 3 2⋅ K = 2⋅ 0
3 2
4 2 K = Mv0 + Iw2
2

= π ( 7.5 )
3

3 2 K − Iw2 = Mv0 2 + Iw2 − Iw2

4
= π ( 421.875 ) 2 K − Iw2 = Mv0 2
3
2 K − Iw2 Mv0 2
4 = 2
≈ ( 3.14159 )( 421.875 ) v0 2 v0
3
≈ 1,767.15 m3 2 K − Iw2
=M
v0 2
2 K − Iw2
96. a. A=s 2 M=
v0 2
= 102
= 100 in.2
1 99. = a + (n − 1)d for d
b. V = π r 2 h
3 = a + (n − 1)d
Find the diameter: 10 – 1 – 1 = 8 in. − a = a + (n − 1)d − a
So the radius is 4 in. − a = ( n − 1) d
1
V = π ( 42 ) (15 ) − a (n − 1)d
3 =
n −1 n −1
1
= π (16 )(15 ) −a
3 =d
n −1
1
= ( 240 ) π −a
3 d=
n −1
= 80π
≈ 251.3 in.3

- 81 - Chapter 1 Review
100. 9 x − 5 y = 35 for y 103.
9 x − 5 y − 9 x = 35 − 9 x
cost of
−5 y = 35 − 9 x Item number total cost of
storage
−5 y 35 − 9 x stored sold storage
= for 1
−5 −5 printers x $1.50 1.50x
9 computers x + 150 $2.50 2.50(x+150)
y = −7 + x
5
9 printer cost + computer cost=total storage cost
y = x−7
5
1.50 x + 2.50 ( x + 150 ) = 2,775
10 ⎡⎣1.5 x + 2.5 ( x + 150 ) ⎤⎦ = 10 [ 2,775]
SECTION 1.7
Using Equations to Solve Problems 15 x + 25 ( x + 150 ) = 27,750
15 x + 25 x + 3,750 = 27,750
101. 40 x + 3,750 = 27,750
O’Hare x million
40 x + 3,750 − 3,750 = 27,750 − 3,750
Atlanta (x + 20.7) million
Total 159.3 million 40 x = 24,000
40 x 24,000
x + ( x + 20.7) = 159.3 =
40 40
2 x + 20.7 = 159.3 x = 600
10 ( 2 x + 20.7 ) = 10 (159.3)
There are 600 printers in the warehouse.
20 x + 207 = 1,593
20 x + 207 − 207 = 1,593 − 207
20 x = 1,386 104.
1st piece x
20 x 1,386
= 2nd piece x+3
20 20 3rd piece (x + 3) + 3 = x + 6
x = 69.3 4th piece (x + 6) + 3 = x + 9
x + 20.7 = 90.0 Total length 186

O’Hare served 69.3 million passengers and x + ( x + 3) + ( x + 6) + ( x + 9) = 186

Atlanta served 90.0 million. 4 x + 18 = 186
4 x + 18 − 18 = 186 − 18
102. 245 – 5c 4 x = 168
4 x 168
=
4 4
x = 42
x + 3 = 45
x + 6 = 48
x + 9 = 51

The lengths of the cable are 42 ft, 45 ft,

48 ft, and 51 ft.

Chapter 1 Review - 82 -
105. The angles are supplementary (sum is 108. Let x = percent of markdown.
180°). new fee 375
1st angle x original fee 550
2nd angle 1 markdown x · 550
x − 15
2 new fee = original fee – markdown
Sum 180 375 = 550 − 550 x
⎛1 ⎞ 375 − 550 = 550 − 550 x − 550
x + ⎜ x − 15 ⎟ = 180
⎝2 ⎠ −175 = −550 x
3 −175 −550 x
x − 15 = 180 =
2 −550 −550
3 0.318 = x
x − 15 + 15 = 180 + 15
2 x ≈ 0.32
3 The markdown is 32% of the original
x = 195
2 registration fee.
2 3 2
i x = i195
3 2 3
109. Let x = percent of decrease.
x = 130
# sold in 2007 290,282
1
x − 15 = 50 # sold in 2008 235,924
2
The angle measures are 50° and 130°. % decrease x · 290,282
# sold 06 = # sold 05 – % Decrease
106. Let width = x.
Then the length = x + 13. 235,924 = 290,282 − 290,282 x
P = 2 L + 2W 235,924 − 290,282 = 290,282 − 290,282 x − 290,282
134 = 2 ( x + 13) + 2 ( x ) −54,358 = −290,282 x
134 = 2 x + 26 + 2 x −54,358 −290,282 x
=
−290,282 −290,282
134 = 4 x + 26
0.187 = x
134 − 26 = 4 x + 26 − 26
18.7% = x
108 = 4 x The percent decrease is 18.7%.
108 4 x
=
4 4
110. Let x = percent of increase.
27 = x
# sold in 2007 193,900
x = 27
# sold in 2008 198,309
x + 13 = 40
The dimensions are 27 in. by 40 in. % increase x · 193,900
# sold 08 = # sold 07 + % Increase
SECTION 1.8 198,309 = 193,900 + 193,900 x
More About Problem Solving 198,309 − 193,900 = 193,900 + 193,900 x − 193,900
4,409 = 193,900 x
107. 99 is 80% of what?
4,409 193,900 x
99 = 0.80 ⋅ x =
193,900 193,900
99 = 0.80 x 0.023 = x
99 0.80 x 2.3% = x
=
0.80 0.80 The percent increase is 2.3%.
123.75 = x
x ≈ 124
It has been recorded about 124 days.

- 83 - Chapter 1 Review
111. 113.

Account Principal · Rate · Time = Interest Amount · Strength = Pure

10% x 0.10 1 0.10x concentrate
9% 25,000 – x 0.09 1 0.09(25,000-x) 4% pesticide x 0.04 0.04x
Combined 2,430 12% pesticide 20 0.12 0.12(20)
Interest 10% solution x + 20 0.10 0.10(x + 20)
10% Int. + 9% Int. = Combined Int. 0.04 x + 0.12(20) = 0.10( x + 20)
0.10 x + 0.09( 25,000 − x) = 2,430
0.04 x + 2.4 = 0.10 x + 2
0.10 x + 2,250 − 0.09 x = 2,430
100 [ 0.04 x + 2.4] = 100 [ 0.10 x + 2]
0.01x + 2,250 = 2,430
0.01x + 2,250 − 2,250 = 2,430 − 2,250 4 x + 240 = 10 x + 200
0.01x = 180 4 x + 240 − 10 x = 10 x + 200 − 10 x
0.01x 180 −6 x + 240 = 200
= −6 x + 240 − 240 = 200 − 240
0.01 0.01
x = 18,000 −6 x = −40
25,000 − x = 7,000 −6 x −40
=
−6 −6
She invested $18,000 at 10% and $7,000 at 20
9%. x=
3
2
x=6
112. 3
2
6 gallons of the 4% solution are needed.
Rate · Time = Distance 3
celebrity 1 t t 114.
photographer 1.5 t – 1 1.5(t–1)
Type of
Pounds · Price = Value
Since the photographer will catch the Coffee
celebrity, the distances for both will be the Mild x 7.50 7.50x
same (equal). Robust 90 – x 8.40 8.40(90 – x)
Mixture 90 7.90 7.90(90)
Celebrity Distance = Photographer Distance
mild value + robust value = mixture value
t = 1.5(t − 1) 7.50 x + 8.40 ( 90 − x ) = 7.90 ( 90 )
t = 1.5t − 1.5 7.5 x + 756 − 8.4 x = 711
t − 1.5t = 1.5t − 1.5 − 1.5t 10 [ 7.5 x + 756 − 8.4 x ] = 10 [ 711]
−0.5t = −1.5 75 x + 7,560 − 84 x = 7,110
−0.5t −1.5 −9 x + 7,560 = 7,110
=
−0.5 −0.5 −9 x + 7,560 − 7,560 = 7,110 − 7,560
t =3
−9 x = −450
t −1 = 2
−9 x −450
=
The photographer will catch the celebrity −9 −9
in 2 minutes. x = 50
90 − x = 90 − 50
= 40
He needs 50 pounds of mild coffee and 40
pounds of robust coffee.

Chapter 1 Review - 84 -