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Memory Cells
Free circulating
Antibodies
T lymphocytes
Do not make antibodies
1. Vascular Spasm
3. Blood Clotting
1. Vascular Spasm
Smooth muscle in the vessel wall contracts when
damaged
Pulmonary Artery
Superior
Vena Cava
Atrium
Pulmonary Veins
Left AV Valve
(Bicuspid)
Inferior
Ventricle
Right AV Valve
(Tricuspid)
Semilunar Valves
Chordae Tendineae
Heart Valves
The tendinous cords (chordae tendineae) of the AV
valves prevent the cusps of the valve opening which
in turn prevents blood flow from the ventricles back
into the atria
The chords are held in place by papillary muscles
The semilunar valves work on the same principle to
prevent blood flow from the arteries to the ventricles
Topics to Explore
• Pericardial Effusion
• Pericardial Bleed
• Cardiac Tamponade
• Pericardiocentesis
• Endocarditis
2. The Cardiac cycle
Diastole – relaxation
Systole – contraction
The function of the valves is to prevent back flow of
blood within the heart
Right AV valve – Tricuspid valve
Left AV valve – Bicuspid/Mitral valve
Heart Sounds
Lubb-dubb sound heard with a stethoscope is due to
the turbulence caused by the closure of the heart
valves
Noradrenaline released
Acetylcholine released