ZH-CN en

2018 China block chain industry white paper
Ministry of Information Industry and Information Center
2018 year 5 month

Ministry of Industry and Information Center | Windy block chain Finance Institute
" 2018 Preparation of the Commission White Paper on China block chain industry. "
consultant: Sun Wei Min Xie Ping Li Dewen Tong Xiaomin
director: In carrian
deputy director: Luo Zhiyong Xu Jiao Luchenyushi
Writing committee (sorted by last name spelling):
Chen Di race to prevent the fall of the former resigned paid off Qi Xin Jiang Qi Lin
Kan Lei Jinmei Yan Li Rui Li Fang Bing to double Liu Lei
Liu Qin Liu Mingchuan LiuXingLiang Majin Wei Pangya Ning Liu Wenmao
Sri Lanka Xueming Song Yu Heng Wang Wang and Wang Pengwen can fly
Xu Yuan Xiao Sa Yang Lu Yang Rui heavy dust Yangxia Qing Ye Jianwei
Yu Yingjie Zhang Xing Zhou Qi Zhou Yuntao Zhu Xing Zhao Fan
Zhu Liehuang
Compiling institutes: Ministry of Information Industry and Information Center
Issued jointly prepared: Windy block chain Finance Institute
Rationality (sorted by the first letter of the alphabet agencies):
Green League Beijing China Information Security Technology Co., Ltd. (Green League and Technology)
"Contemporary financiers" magazine
IT orange
Jiangsu to enjoy all the gold Technology Co., Ltd.
-I-
Nanjing University School of Information Management
Windy Society
The world AI block chain 30 Forum
Deep Chain Finance
School of Business Administration, Capital University of Economics
Electronics and Information Engineering College Sichuan University Jincheng
China Computer Society Professional Committee of the block chain
China People's Insurance Company
China cloud system Industry Innovation Alliance
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Foreword
Currently, a new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution sweeping the globe, new technologies
big data, cloud computing, networking, artificial intelligence, the block chain emerging digital economy is profoundly
changing people's production and life, become the new momentum of economic growth. Block chain as a disruptive
technology, is leading the global new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution, is expected to become the
world's technological innovation and model innovation " source " ,promote " Internet information " to " Value of the Internet " change.
China's " " Thirteen Five " National Information Technology Plan "in the block chain as a priority cutting-edge technology,
clearly stated the need to strengthen the new technology block chain such as innovation, experiment and applications to
achieve a new generation of information technology to seize the initiative. At present, China continued to block chain
technology innovation, initially formed block chain industry began rapid application in the field of supply chain finance,
credit, product traceability, copyright trading, digital identity, electronic evidence, etc., is expected to promote China's
economic system to achieve technological change , organizational change and transformation efficiency, make an
important contribution to the construction of a modern economic system.
In order to promote the block chain industry to accelerate technological innovation and application landing, promote
the development of industrial health practices, multi-power Industry and Information Technology Information Center
organized block chain research institutions, industry organizations and application units, aggregation block chain-related
technology, industry authoritative experts in the field, applications, security and other components editorial board, carried
out jointly " 2018 Preparation of the White Paper on China block chain industry, "the. In the preparation process, in order to
grasp the actual situation of innovation and development and application of floor tile industry chain of China's Ministry of
Industry and Information Technology Institute of Industrial Economics Information Center, led the formation of a joint
research group, by Beijing, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Guiyang, China several cities hundreds of field research block chain
industry and enterprise applications, a large quantity of materials in one hand and a typical case, and the industry has organized semina
" 2018 In China block chain industry white paper "analysis of the status quo system block chain of industrial
development, ecological constitute the current block chain industry in China has been resolved, summing up our
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Block chain industry characteristics, especially for the block chain technology in-depth research in the field of financial
applications fall and the real economy through a large number of listed block chain applications and industries show the
typical practice field block chain technology faster landing typical patterns and typical cases, the last of the important
trends block chain industry in China is prospected, some industry hot issues also gives us understanding.
The process of preparing a white paper to get more government, industrial parks, universities, research institutions,
as well as the Internet, finance, manufacturing and consulting in areas such as numerous agencies, expert guidance and
help. Thanks to the concerns of the community to participate in the preparation of white papers and research work, thanks
to a large number of cases involved material support research and surveys of business administration, provide strong
support for the white paper's point of view. Special thanks to the experts involved in the preparation and interviews provide valuable inte
Particular note is that block the development of the overall chain industry in China is still in its infancy, and still
stage, there may be some limitations, we follow our understanding of current research is preliminary block chain
continued in-depth further improve the research community welcomed the valuable comments and suggestions [ 1] .
[1] Editorial Board Contact Details, see the last page of this report (back cover).
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table of Contents
First, the block chain overall characteristics of industrial development ......................................... .................................................. ...................... 1
(A) block chain of industrial ecology initial formation, the ascendant ..................................... .................................... 1
1. Showing the rapid development of industry, the rapid increase in the number of firms ......................................... ..................................... 1
2. From equipment manufacturing to industrial applications, industrial chain context block chain gradually clear ................................... .............. 3
3. Internet giant influx of promoting rapid development of China's industrial chain block ...................................... ............................ 4
(B) the geographical distribution of the relative concentration of industrial agglomeration effect is obvious ...................................... ....................................... 5
(C) block chain applications diversified, extending from the financial to the real field ................................. ............................ 7
(D) achieve " Collaboration link information " , The real economy, help reduce costs raise efficiency .......................................... ........... 9
(5) technical abuse led to the development of the industry there are certain risks, can not be ignored ................................... ................... 10
(Vi) gradually build a system of industrial policy, industrial development environment continued to optimize .................................... ....................... 1 1
1. Development block chain gradually improved industrial policy, local governments actively positioning block chain from industry is highly technical ... 1 1
2. Actively strengthen the industry regulator, effectively it guards against financial risks ......................................... ................................... 1 4
Second, the block chain industry segments development ....................................... .................................................. .............. 1 6
(A) platform ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 1 6

1. The underlying platform (public chain / chain Alliance / BaaS ) ................................................. .................................... 1 6
2. Digital Asset Store ............................................... .................................................. ....................... 2 0
3. Block chain technology solutions ............................................ .................................................. .............. 2 3
(B) Block Chaining hardware manufacturing and infrastructure ....................................... .................................................. ...... 25
1. Operators force increased difficulty and accounting node increases push block chain hardware manufacturing industry to flourish ............................... 26
2. Block chain Computing Center into the mainstream, shared computing model landed application ..................................... ................... 27
(C) block chain security .......................................... .................................................. ....................... 29
1. Block chain is facing security problems and countermeasures ........................................ ............................................ 29
2. Block chain security services ............................................. .................................................. ..................... 32
3. Quantum brings security challenges and respond to technological development ........................................ ........................................ 33
(Iv) block chain industry services ......................................... .................................................. ................ 35
1. Block chain of media and community ............................................ .................................................. .................. 35
2. Investment agency................................................ .................................................. .............................. 37
3. Industrial Organization and research institutions ............................................ .................................................. ...... 37
Third, the block chain application development in the field of financial circumstances ....................................... .................................................. .......... 41
(A) supply chain finance ............................................ .................................................. ............................. 4 1
(B) Trade Finance ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 44
1. letter of credit................................................ .................................................. .................................. 45
2. Bond ................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 47
3. Forfaiting ............................................... .................................................. ................................... 47
4. Factoring ................................................ .................................................. ...................................... 48
5. bill................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 49
(C) credit ............................................. .................................................. ........................................ 51
(D) the transaction clearing ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 53
(E) share points ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 54
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(F) Insurance .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 55
(Vii) securities .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 57
Fourth, the block chain to explore and try to apply in the real economy .................................... ............................................... 60
(A) Product traceability ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 60
(B) copyright protection and transaction ........................................... .................................................. ...................... 64
(C) electronic evidence as evidence ........................................... .................................................. .......................... 68
(D) Financial management ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 69
1. Vouchers and account management .............................................. .................................................. .................... 69
2. audit................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 70
(E) Precision Marketing ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 71
(Vi) large data transactions ............................................ .................................................. ............................. 73
(Vii) industrial .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 74
(Viii) Energy .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 77
1. Energy production ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 78
2. Energy Trading ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 78
3. Energy investment and financing assets .............................................. .................................................. .................... 79
(Ix) medical .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 80
(X) digital identity ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 82
(Xi) Things ............................................ .................................................. ................................. 84

(Xii) public ............................................. .................................................. ................................... 86
(Xiii) e-government ............................................ .................................................. ............................ 88
Fifth, the development of the block chain industry trends .......................................... .................................................. ........................... 90
(A) Block Chaining become the forefront of global technology development and open up new international competition track .............................. ........ 90
(B) block chain sector has become a hot spot for innovation and entrepreneurship, technology integration will expand the application of new space ............................. . 91
(C) Block Chaining the next three years will be widely landing in the real economy, China has become an important support for the construction of digital .............. 92
(Iv) economic block chain to create a new platform, open a new era of shared economic .................................. ......................... 94
(E) to accelerate the block chain " Trusted Digital " Process, driven by financial " Tuoxuxiangshi " ........................... serve the real economy 94
(Vi) block chain and regulatory standards will further improve the development of basic industries continue to consolidate ............................... ... 96
annex 1 : Block chain industry laws and policies and standards outlined ........................................ .................................................. .... 98
(A) the legal protection of technological innovation ...................................... block chain .................................................. ... 98
Legal issues (b) intelligent contracts .......................................... .................................................. ............... 99
(C) the token issuing legal issues of financing ........................................ .................................................. ....... 102
(Iv) block chain industry standards .......................................... .................................................. ..................... 102
annex 2 : Excerpt related to national policies block chain industry ....................................... ................................................. 105
appendix 3 : Excerpt local policies and block chain industry related ....................................... ................................................. 111
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First, the overall characteristics of industrial development block chain
Our block chain industry is currently in a stage of rapid development, entrepreneurs and capital influx, a rapid
increase in the number of firms. Block chain applications to speed up the landing, boost the development of high-quality
traditional industries, speed up industrial restructuring and upgrading. The use of block chain technology to the real
economy " lower the cost " , " Raise efficiency " , Boost the development of traditional industry norms. In addition, block chain
technology is derived for the new format, a new momentum for economic development. Block chain technology are driving
new business models change, become an important support to build the integrity of the social system. At the same time,
local governments actively positioning block chain from industry is highly technical, policy and regulatory framework for the gradual deve
(A) block chain of industrial ecology initial formation, in the ascendant
1. Showing the rapid development of industry, a rapid increase in the number of business ended 2018 year 3 At
the end, our number to block chain business for the main business of the company has reached a block chain 456 Family[
2] , Industry begun to take shape.
Source: itjuzi.com, IT Orange Deadline: 2018.3.31
Map 1 The past five years the number of incidents and the number of financing chain industry trends China blocks new company
[2] Data Caliber: officially registered in the country, and to provide technical or service block chain as the main business direction of the company, or
block chain technology based on the overall business conduct, including those not only in the part of the business applications block chain technology
companies, nor try to use the block chain technology IT services or Internet company on some products. Source: IT oranges
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Changes in the number of newly established companies from China block chain industry point of view, 2014 The
number of companies in the sector began to increase, to 2016 The number of newly established companies increased significantly over
Home is 2015 Year 3 Times. 2017 In block chain is the peak of the business in recent years, due to the rapid spread of
block chain concepts, as well as the technology matures, the influx of many entrepreneurs in this area, the number of
newly established companies reach 178 Family.
Equity investment may better reflect the social capital and industry attention and support. Block chain involving
equity investment as the number of events 249 Play. From 2016 In the beginning, the investment in the field of heat block
chain is significantly increased investment event reached 60 Since, it is 2015 Year 5 Times. 2017 In block chain is the
peak of investment in recent years, the number of investment events close 100
Play. in 2018 In the first quarter, the number of blocks in the field of investment events chain reached 68 Play. From the
current trend, due to the landing speed of the block chain technology is accelerating, the market began to become more
rational, equity investors more willing to invest in specific projects can be seen landing scenario is expected this year in the
field of investment would block chain a peak. [ 3]
Map 2 China block chain industry related companies financing rounds Distribution
[3] Source: IT oranges.

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China blocks from the distribution chain financing rounds company point of view, there are currently close 90% The
event focused on investments in early stage ( A Round and earlier), and another 9% The event belongs to the investment
strategy of investment, B Round and after investment accounted for only event 2% . Therefore, the block chain industry is
still in its very early stages. With the rapid development of the industry and speed up the project landing rate, financing
rounds will gradually extend backward, into the future there will be more projects in the late stages. Block chain industry
in the ascendant.
2. From equipment manufacturing to industrial applications, industrial chain block chain gradually clear context
Map 32018 In China block chain of industrial ecology
According to this research point of view, China block chain industry chain has been formed, from the upstream
manufacturing of hardware, platform services, security services, application services to industrial technology downstream,
to protect the investment and financing industry, industrial development, media, talent services, in all areas of the company
has been basically complete, coordinated, orderly and jointly promote the industry have done.
From the distribution of newly established companies block chain industry segments, as of 2018 year 3
At the end, most areas of the block chain industry application number of companies, where the number of applications for
the financial services industry companies to achieve 86 Home, the number of application services company to achieve the real economy
Family. In addition, the block chain solutions to the underlying platform, block chain with the media and community areas
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The number of companies were shut 40 Home more than [ 4] .
Map 4 China block chain industry segments and company financing event distribution
From an investment event distribution segments of the block chain industry point of view, application service
industry-related companies obtained the greatest number of events cast, reached a total of 113 Since, showing investors
for specific application scenarios, the project can actually landing more and more value. An investment in the field of the
number of events for the underlying platform 42 Since, by the number of events cast block chain community in the field of media and als
Since [ 5] . Block chain field is attracting a growing number of entrepreneurs and capital admission to become the new
heights of innovation and entrepreneurship. With the accelerated development of the block chain technology and the
application of the floor, industry will continue to increase in the future in this area is expected to become a new economic growth point.
3. Internet giant influx of promoting rapid development of China's industrial chain block
Block chain technology not only by the business enterprises of all ages, has also been widespread concern in the
Internet giants, the Internet giants have expanded block chain business, promote the rapid development block chain
industry in China. Currently, Tencent, Alibaba, Baidu, and other Internet industry Jingdong
[4] Source: IT oranges. [5]

Source: IT oranges .
--4--
To apply the block chain giants have joined the research and technology scene. Based on Tencent Trust SQL
Core technology, creating a leading enterprise-class block chain infrastructure services platform. Currently, Tencent has
landed several scenes chain block supply chain finance, medical, digital assets, logistics information, legal as evidence,
tracing and other public welfare. For example, Tencent based on real transaction data in the supply chain scenario, Tencent
block chain technology and operational resources to build " + Tencent block chain supply chain finance solutions " To improve
the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises to fundamentally boost local industrial transformation and upgrading.
Alibaba-based technology to the center block chain, distributed storage and tamper-resistant characteristics has landed a
number of scenarios, including the public service, genuine traceability, traceable rental housing, mutual insurance, and the
number of patent applications has been reached 80 Pieces around. Baidu has with Huaneng Finance Trust, Chang'an and
other freshmen landed China's first single-block chain and technical support securitization block chain support Exchange ABS
project. Jingdong block chain using technology to build " Jingdong block chain traceability platform security " , From the trust
to solve the pain points of goods, accurate dating back to prove the existence of the characteristics of the goods, so that all
production, logistics, sales and after-sales information sharing come together to build a complete cast and smooth flow of
information, and also uses technology to block chain solve ABS Trust parties involved to complete the transaction on the
system architecture block chain, confirmed the authenticity and ownership of assets of assets. Influx of giant chain to block
the development of our industry has injected new momentum, industry poised to take off, and the rapid rise of wind through
the new era.
(B) the geographical distribution of the relative concentration of industrial agglomeration effect is obvious
In terms of geographical distribution of Chinese block chain's point of view, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong,
Zhejiang is still concentrated block chain business, accounting for over a total of four places 80% . Among them, Beijing to
175 The company, accounting 38% In an absolutely leading position; to Shanghai 95 The company, accounting
twenty one% Second place; Guangdong Province 71 The company, accounting 16% Ranked third; Zhejiang Province to
36 The company, accounting 8% Ranked fourth. In addition, China block chain business activity also in the top ten
provinces including Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei, Chongqing, Guizhou.
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Map 5 China block chain entrepreneurial activity TOP10 province
From China block chain business activity front city view, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou is still block
chain entrepreneurial activity in mainland China's top four cities, the company accounted for
78% . In addition, Chinese entrepreneurs active block chain of the top ten cities include Guangzhou, Chengdu, Nanjing,
Xiamen, Chongqing, Guiyang.
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Map 6 China block chain entrepreneurial activity TOP10 city
With the rapid iteration block chain technology and applications, block chain to the traditional industries will further
accelerate the expansion process, the next block and block chain chain business areas of project and traditional
industries combined with scenes of demand will continue to increase, and therefore geographical distribution will be more extensive.
(C) block chain applications diversified, extending from the financial to the real field
Block chain technology with distributed, tamper-resistant, high transparency and traceability features, the entire
financial system is consistent with business needs, so it has been segments of payment and settlement, credit financing,
trade finance, securities, insurance, leasing, etc. floor applications. For example, Minsheng Bank and China CITIC Bank
to launch the first domestic credit block chain applications, China Ping An's asset post
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Easy, credit two scenarios are on the line, China Merchants Bank, China's first floor block chain of cross-border payment
applications, based on micro-public banks through the inter-agency block chain of reconciliation platform from time to
reconciliation T + 1 Day shortened to T + 0 To achieve near real-time daily reconciliation.
With the block chain technology innovation and development matures, the practical effect of industrial
applications become more apparent, the application of the block chain extending from the financial sector to the real field
of electronic information as evidence, rights management and trading, product traceability, digital asset transactions ,
networking, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management and other fields. Block chain technology industry and the real economy
" Industry block chain " Project, ushered in the industrial chain block " Flourishing " The era. For example, the Beijing Science
and Technology Co., Ltd. Su An chain traceability service has been in Guangxi small sweet potato, Yangyuan grains,
Heilongjiang Rich Rice production and distribution supply chain application, which not only meet customer demand block
chain traceability, but also enhance the product added value. Anne shares copyright block chain of service as evidence has
been provided the right to do service work per million, a partial solution to the content creators pain points and difficulties.
Play block chain technology is indeed the right, authority and rights in the process of massive, rapid, real-time
characteristics, the progressive realization " That is indeed the right creative, that is authorized to use, that is activist found " .
Wal-Mart, based on innovative food supply chain collaboration model block chain of traceability to the farm from the process stores
26 Hours reduced to 10 Seconds, and access to files only half a minute.
With the value chain of the block is widely recognized, more and more industries are being put forward their own
block chain solutions. From the application perspective, block chain technology almost all applications in all industries
landing scenario, because almost all of the scenes involve trading industry, has lower costs, improve efficiency, optimize
the industrial demand for the integrity of the environment, which is block chain technology applications quickly after
landing the role.
Block chain technology floor is the main battlefield of the real economy industries, the value of the block chain
technology will also be embodied as an incremental value of industrial scene after landing brought. Currently, traditional
industries of logistics real and not widely into the flow of information, is one of the reasons a lot of the real economy
-8-
Enterprises, especially small and medium micro enterprises and no way to get a lot of real return based on the digital
transformation of the business, but it will assume a number of risks such as information leakage. So many companies do
not actively promote the digital transformation of the business, resulting in an incomplete, not comprehensive, systematic
physical mapping case the flow of information. The use of block chain technology, a combination of networking and
Internet technology industries, as well as in the promotion of new supply chain financial model based on a large number
of transaction information already starting from the next line steering chain network of business management systems
and machinery to start enhanced digital assets has become an important part of corporate assets, the entity industry's
business model will achieve unprecedented depth change [ 6] .
(D) achieve " Collaboration link information " , The real economy, help reduce costs raise efficiency
From the current actual landing the Case, block chain technology industrial floor applications to be realistic for the
industry to solve some of the " piece of cake " , Focus on improving the level of information industry cooperation links,
specifically from " lower the cost " with " Raise efficiency " Two aspects to promote the development of traditional industries.
With the development of the digital economy, within the enterprise, information is often already relatively high level,
various management system is already very advanced, but the link between enterprise collaboration, and in many cases
not covered by the information system. For example, different types of institutions at the time of reconciliation, often from
the information system export a spreadsheet, and send e-mail. Even need to print the form, stamped mail, and other
system data is received and then for comparison. The entire business process is not complicated, but consuming a lot of
manpower and resources, high cost, but also restricts the business operating efficiency and enhance the user experience.
Therefore, many systems are chain alliance is in fact solve this problem, the level of information to enhance the cooperation
links between enterprises. In this area, with the construction of the traditional centralized database mode, relatively high
cost, complex authorization mechanisms, poor scalability, information security is difficult to guarantee, multi-subject that is
difficult to achieve mutual trust. The block chain technology is able to make a variety of business subject equal exchange,
information sharing, real-time checking of data consistency.
-9-
The chain blocks based systems, essentially in " Weak confidence " Environment, effective multi-subject information
sharing, effective coordination of information technology tools.
Information sharing manner block chain, in addition to low cost, high efficiency, the may also be implemented " Trust
transfer " or " Trust spillover " Based block chain technology, since the chain information is not tampered with, so after the
two companies jointly verify a transaction, but also allows third-party trust this information, which actually makes this
credible state can be transmitted to a third party , so as to realize the assets of the data. Also allows organizations from " black
box " State to " White box " State agencies operating mechanism is transparent, making it very easy to witness innocent,
greatly reducing the cost of mutual trust between multiple subjects.
Further, the block chain will play " Improve the efficiency of the industrial chain collaboration " Role. Upgrade the
industry level of cooperation is an important way to promote Chinese manufacturing towards high-end, an important
requirement is to build a modern economic system. But now in many industries, the industrial chain collaboration
efficiency is still not high, especially in the field of international trade issue. For example: In international trade, the origin
of the goods, inspection and quarantine, customs clearance and other supporting documents of different national
standards, the relevant departments and foreign trade enterprises verify these certificates to prove the authenticity,
accuracy, cost and difficulty is higher, led directly to international trade commodity circulation is slow, high cross-border
collaboration difficult. Difficult to pass on the establishment of a unified international certification bodies to address these
issues. The block-based chain technology, open up national commodity circulation of information, we can achieve
traceable to international trade commodity circulation of the whole process, even fast track to achieve mutual trust, thus greatly simplifyin
(5) technical abuse led to the development of industry there are certain risks, can not be ignored
Despite the positive value of the block chain technology gradually revealed, the process of industrial development
is still accompanied by a series of risk can not be ignored. On the one hand is compliance risks at an early stage of
development of the block chain, because it has the property itself deliver value, and thus attracted a number of technical
applications are not focused on, but keen to pass ICO (First issued tokens) non
--10--
French fund-raising, pyramid schemes or even fraudulent behavior. 2017 year 9 month, 7 Departments jointly issued the
"Notice on tokens issued to prevent the risk of financing", directed barbaric behavior tokens financing growth. The early
Internet similar to the early development of the block chain should be especially vigilant against excessive speculation in
the capital market and false propaganda. There is unrealistic and stir up some publicity block chain application projects,
the market valuation of the fundamental values deviate from or are given high expectations. In addition, some projects
essentially does not really take advantage of block chain technology, but under the banner block chain, access to the
valuation totally inconsistent with the actual values. Some so-called innovation projects out of the needs of the real
economy, is entirely speculation.
On the other hand is the technical level of risk, although the block chain financial cryptography, distributed
storage and many other technologies in one, but that does not mean it does not have loopholes. For example, there 51%
Attack, selfishness mining and other attacks. Block chain needs to introduce a large amount of public resources to
participate in the system, such as the number of nodes involved in the calculation too, will be faced with 51% The possibility
of being attacked, a serious threat to network systems operation and value. Again, private, and endpoint security. In the
current block chain, the private key is stored locally in a user terminal. If a user's private key is stolen, the user's digital
assets will cause serious damage. In another example, a consensus security mechanism. Currently, in addition to PoW outer,
PoS , DPoS While other consensus mechanisms have been proposed, but whether it can achieve real security credible,
not yet fully proven. In addition, there may be through the traditional network attacks, resulting in network congestion,
forcing the block chain network appears hard bifurcation, which led questioned the credibility of the entire block chain
system, the value of the network system will collapse, to causing heavy network participants collective loss. In addition to
its own technical flaws block chain, network participants division of responsibilities, books final data ownership, high cost,
transaction block selective issues, will also lead to face greater risks when landing block chain technology applications.
(Vi) gradually build industrial policy system, continue to optimize the industrial development environment
1. Development block chain gradually improved industrial policy, local governments actively from industry high
--11--
Positioning of the block chain technique
Block chain technology has risen to the level of national science and technology strategy. 2016 year 12 On the
issuance of months, "State Department " Thirteen Five " Notice of the National Information Technology Plan "was first
mentioned in the block chain, and with quantum communication, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, big data analysis
awareness, unmanned aerial vehicles and other technologies with cutting-edge technology as the focus, clearly need
strengthening the new technology block chain such as innovation, experiment and applications to achieve a new
generation of information technology to seize the initiative. Secondly, related industries, national and international
standards is also accelerating the development and solve key technical standards block chain, and promote ecological
development block chain industry. To grasp the block chain industry development opportunities, seize the high ground
block chain of industrial development, local government timely introduction of block chain technology and industry support policies, so th
Currently, the industry is highly active local governments to locate the block chain technology, to grasp the
technological upgrading of industrial upgrading has brought new opportunities. E.g, 2018 year 3 May Hebei government
issued "on accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading of guidance to build a modern industrial system" and
proposed actively cultivate future industrial development block chain, to build a world-class high-tech industry clusters. 2018 year
4 May the State Council approved the "Hebei District Plan male security", emphasizing the focus on the development of IT
industry, it requires advanced layout block chain, terahertz technology research and development and cognitive test calculation.
Guizhou Province ahead of the layout block chain industry, 2016 year 12 Month, Guiyang municipal government
issued "Guiyang block chain development and application of" white paper, plan 5 Built sovereignty block chain demonstration area.
2017 year 2 Month, in the "digital economy Guizhou Province Development Plan ( 2017-2020 Years), "the report proposed
the building block chain digital asset trading platform, build the target block chain standards system and other applications.
2017 year 6 Month, made a trial policy measures to support the development and application of the chain block, the block
chain of industrial policy support provided under the Guiyang Municipal People's Government.
Guangzhou actively introduce policies to actively promote the development block chain industry, 2017 year 12
Month, the Guangzhou government on the introduction of the first block chain industry support policies - "Guangzhou Huangpu
--12--
Guangzhou Development Zone, the promotion of industrial development block chain approach ", is expected to increase
each year 2 Financial investment of about billion.
2017 year 2 May, under the Nanjing Municipal Government issued "on the issuance of the municipal government
office " Thirteen Five " Nanjing wisdom development plan, "which clearly put forward a number of new technologies to make
the block chain to form a breakthrough and practical application. 2017 year 5 Month, Wuxi Software Industry Association
Professional Committee-cum-block chain block chain of things and set up a joint laboratory. 2017 year 12 Month,
high-speed rail Suzhou Metro first open to the public 15 Blocks chain scenarios, and publish 9 Article support policies to
attract businesses and people settled in the block chain.
2017 year 6 Month, Shandong provinces and the District People's Government issued "on accelerating the
development block chain industry (implementation)", and strive to 2020 In forming a block chain visibility standard, to create
a number of application templates can be replicated, introduce and foster a number of innovative companies block chain.
2017 year 9 Month, Qingdao released " Chain Bay " White Paper, plans to set up a global center block chain, construction
Qingdao " Global block chain + " Innovative applications base. 2017 year 12 Month, Qingdao International Academy sand
box in the Laoshan District released the world's first industrial-based block chain sandbox " Tarzan Sandbox " .
2017 year 7 Month, Ganzhou District, the establishment of the financial industry chain block sandbox Park,
settled in business, technology support, to be operational support, and financial aspects. 2017 year 9 May, under the
Jiangxi Provincial People's Government issued "on the issuance of Jiangxi Province " Thirteen Five " Construction of green
financial system planning, "which encourages the development of the block chain technology, trusted timestamp identified
financial and other Internet security technology, the development of green financial services.
2017 year 11 Month, Chongqing Economic and Information Technology Commission issued the "Opinions on
Accelerating the block chain industry training and innovative applications," and proposed to 2020 Years, and strive to build the city 2-5
Blocks chain industry base, the initial formation of the domestic industry Heights important block chain and innovative
applications base. 2018 year 4 Month, Mega Data Association Professional Committee of the establishment of block chain. 2017
year 12 Month, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Government on the issuance of "further expansion in Guangxi
--13--
And upgrade information consumption continues to release the potential of domestic demand embodiments of notice ", to
develop software and information technology services, to carry out pilot applications based on the new technology block chain, such as
In order to facilitate readers to understand China's current policy on the block chain industry, especially the
national and local policies were compiled specific policy Please see the annex to this report 2 And accessories 3 .
2. Actively strengthen the industry regulator, effectively guard against financial risks
According to nineteen large party of the overall plan to prevent and reduce major risk is one of the next three
years, China's economic focus, and prevent and mitigate major risks is the key to prevention and control of financial risks.
Therefore, China is also actively strengthen the industry regulator, block chain guard against financial risks that may arise
in the development process, to safeguard financial stability and security, and promote the healthy development of the
block chain industry norm, to better play blocks chain " Value of the Internet " The positive effect.
ICO Financing tool block chain start-up projects on nature, usually by the early investors ICO The project sponsor
to pay Bitcoin currency and other mainstream Ethernet or virtual currency, to get the project sponsor encrypted digital
token-based block chain technology initially generated. According to the National Expert Committee on Internet banking
security technology 2017 year 7 month 25 Release of " 2017 Domestic first half ICO
Development Report " ICO Financing scale and extent of user involvement accelerating upward trend, up to a total of
Attendance 10.5 Million. Some projects fail because early angel financing, and turn ICO Financing model. Therefore,
these ICO Project risks are very high, even involving pyramid schemes, fraud [ 7] .
2017 year 9 month 4 Japan, People's Bank of China, the central network Informatization Office, the Ministry of
Industry and Information Technology, Business Administration, Banking Regulatory Commission, Securities Regulatory
Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly issued the "Notice on tokens issued to prevent the risk of
financing", is a clear token issued on the nature of financing unauthorized acts of unlawful public financing of suspected
illegal sale of tickets tokens, illegal issuance of securities and illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and
other criminal activities. And the requirements of various tokens issued financing activities should be stopped immediately. Completed to
[7] Reference: Deng Jianpeng, seven ministries regarding ICO announcement interpretation and thinking, Securities Daily, September 11, 2017.
--14--
Reasonable investor protection, proper disposal risks. Clear that any so-called tokens financing transaction platform shall
not engage in legal tender and tokens, " Virtual currency " Exchange traffic between each other, may not be sold or traded as
a central counterparty or tokens " Virtual currency " , Not as tokens or " Virtual currency " Provide pricing information and other
intermediary services. Non-bank financial institutions and payment institutions may not directly or indirectly finance
issuance and tokens " Virtual currency " Provide account opening, registration, trading, clearing, settlement and other
products or services may not be covered with the token and " Virtual currency " Related to the insurance business or tokens
and " Virtual currency " Included in insurance coverage.
After half a year of concentration and control, the overall risk level of Internet financial sector decreased, the spread
of illegal fund-raising momentum has been checked on the Internet. Mopai across the country out of the first currency ( ICO )
Platform and Bitcoin virtual currency and other trading venues have basically risk-free exit [ 8] .
Block chain is a cutting-edge technology, new regulatory challenges resulting from technology advances also
require continuous supervision technology. In the field of financial technology segment "Reg-Tech" (Regulatory
technology). Big data is the use of new technology, artificial intelligence and block chain, etc., to address regulatory
compliance issues and reduce compliance costs. Block chain filing platform, based on the regulatory system block chain belong
Reg-Tech field. There have been domestic companies engaged in supervision technology, they provide the main
regulatory technology solutions for the government and major banks and other financial regulatory agencies. Jin Qiuke
skills, enjoy all the bits and other companies launched a special regulatory system based on the block chain.
[8] Source: Central Bank Law Department Deputy Director Yan Gong prevention and disposal of illegal fund-raising speech in 2018 on legal policy
advocacy forum.
--15--
Second, the development of the block chain industry segments
Each block chain segments to flourish, from hardware manufacturing, infrastructure to the underlying technology
development, platform construction, to security, industrial applications, as well as media and other community services
block chain industry, has formed a complete industry ecosystem.
(A) platform
1. The underlying platform (public chain / chain Alliance / BaaS )
In the block chain industry, opportunities for platform-level is the direction many companies concerned. Whether
start-up companies or large companies, have in the layout block chain of the underlying platform, hoping to seize the next
wave of dividends. However, since the block chain is still in its very early stages, so various are not the same
understanding and practice of the path of the platform. At present, the public chain, chains and alliances BaaS There are
three more mainstream platform model.
( 1 ) Public chain
Public chain is a pointer to open to the world, everyone can become a node in the system involved in billing block
chain, they are usually incentives and encrypted digital authentication combined to achieve consensus on the transaction.
At present, the public chain is seen as the most promising direction block chain field, because it is more in line
with the nature of the block chain, is likely to become the next system-level platform. Public chain benefits include: the
ability to protect users from the effects of the developer; all transactions are public by default; low access threshold,
anyone with a computer can access the network; better able to achieve large-scale community through incentives
collaborative sharing and so on.
As the underlying platform, the public can contribute to society as a whole into the chain " Trusted Digital " Era, really
opens " Value of the Internet " A new chapter. On the one hand, incentive-based mode blocks chain to promote the sharing
economy to sharing economy upgrade, which is consistent with innovation, coordination, green, open, sharing new
development concept, is a higher level of new economic platform; on the other hand, based on
--16--
Block chain applications underlying the public chain will also usher in a large outbreak, DAPP The coming era. DAPP
The underlying public chain, like APP It is to the IOS with Android System, the future may be derived from a new
eco-system.
Although the public chain has many advantages, but its existence is still a big challenge. For the public chain, the
nodes in the safety and fairness of the system means higher and more, which brings low efficiency of the system, because
each additional node, you need more time to reach a consensus. Nodes and efficiency has become a paradox. For
example: bits per second can credits 7 Transactions, can handle per second Ethernet Square 20-30 Transactions. due to TPS
Concurrent per second is too low, resulting in Bitcoin and widespread chain Ethernet Fong public high transaction costs is
recognized for a long time, poor scalability issues. In addition, many public projects are the first chain to build a platform,
then go to application scenarios, it also brings some challenges to the back of the actual landing.
Currently in the public areas of the chain, advanced level of technology in the world, we have been born several
leading comparison of the underlying platform company.
( 2 ) Chain Alliance
Union chain refers to the number of agencies involved in accounting block chain to reach a consensus through
mutual trust among the members of the coalition that is polycentric. Alliance Data chain only allows member nodes within
the system to read and write and send the transaction, and the transaction data record together.
Union chain as a base component to support distributed business to better meet the multi-peer distributed
business in cooperation with the orderly development of compliance requirements. For example: Union chain would be
more suitable for trading and settlement of inter-organizational, inter-bank transfers similar to, payment, by adopting the
form alliances chains, you can create a great ecosystem to significantly improve internal efficiency.
Union chain and chain compared to the public, on the high availability, high performance, programmable, privacy
advantage, it is considered " Section to the center " or " Multi-center " The block chain. Higher league chain has been
streamlined so that the number of nodes, causing a system operating efficiency, lower costs,
--17--
Many unit time to confirm the number of transactions than the big chain public, easier to fall in the real scene. In addition,
the alliance with respect to the public chain chain is very important feature is the admission control and safety standards in
support of national nodes, to ensure access to certification, to develop regulatory rules in line with regulatory requirements,
increase transaction speed in a trusted security basis. Union chain in the field, there are a few typical cases, such as:
Super books ( Hyperledger )By Linux Foundation 2015 The block chain was launched to promote the digital
technology and transaction validation of the open source project, attracted, including Huawei, Tencent cloud, Baidu finance,
Samsung, IBM ,Intel, Fujitsu , Cisco , Redhat , Oracle And many other companies to participate, there are already more than 200
Family members. Ultrabook books project's goal is to allow members to work together to build an open platform, to meet
user case studies from a number of different industries, and streamline business processes. Super's books have multiple
blocks chain platform projects, including
IBM Contributions Fabric project, Intel Contributions Sawtooth Projects, and Iroha ,
Burrow , Indy Wait.
Micro Focus Bank since 2015 Began to invest resources exploration block chain technology, we have developed
a two block chain open source underlying platform. One is the universal joint block chain and the matrix element jointly
launch enterprise-class alliance chain underlying platform BCOS And 2017 year 7 May completely open source.
Subsequently, a number of agencies have joined together to open a gold chain League working group co-developed and
open sourced BCOS The financial branch version --FISCO BCOS , There are dozens of companies based FISCO BCOS Platform,
focusing block chain scenarios landing, carried out in practice, including supply chain, notes, data sharing, asset
securitization, credit, OTC equity market scenarios.
( 3 ) BaaS BaaS Often a cloud-based service block chain enterprise-class open platform, can one-click access to
rapid deployment, with decentralized trust mechanisms to support private chain, alliance or multi-stranded, have a
wealth of operational deployment and privatization maintenance management and other special capabilities. BaaS Now
widely
--18--
Used in finance, healthcare, retail electricity supplier, games, networking, logistics and supply chain, charity and other
industries, reshaping business models, enhance customer influence in the industry.
Currently, large companies BaaS Action areas more active, because they have their own cloud services, and rich
business scenarios in the ecological system, suitable for trial and error and thrust reversers platform services based on
specific business scenarios. In addition, due to the mechanism of public consensus chain results in low efficiency of the
system, and BaaS It is based on the company's large platform of trust, to build part of the decentralized or weak
centralized architecture to achieve the credibility and efficiency of the balance to some extent. BaaS
The public cloud service users or large companies brand trust is injected into the platform, to accelerate the
popularization block chain, reducing the threshold for the use of users, expand the usage scenarios block chain.
Tencent block chain BaaS Open platform, targeted at creating a leading enterprise-class block chain infrastructure
services platform to help customers understand from a business perspective block chain, focused on helping enterprises
quickly build upper block chain scenarios. Tencent to block chain " Block chain + " Strategic positioning, to connect scenario,
the pain point for supply chain finance, logistics and information, public tracing, legal deposit certificates, medical
prescriptions and other application scenarios, the introduction of industry-level block chain solutions. Currently, Tencent
block chain BaaS Provide an open platform to share books and digital assets of two business models. Sharing books model
is mainly applied to solve asymmetric information, such as the need to provide as evidence to prove the effectiveness of
information sharing scene. Digital asset model focused on asset transactions can be digitized scene, by the combination of
the business scenario, can effectively prevent data tampering, complete retroactive, to avoid the risk of data falsification.
Huawei cloud block chain services BCS Focus on building block chain cloud technology platform to help
enterprises build enterprise-class block chain industry solutions and applications on the Huawei cloud, and jointly promote
the block chain scenarios floor, to build public trust and win-win eco-infrastructure-based block chain . BCS
Huawei cloud-based native leading cloud technology (e.g., containers, etc.) structures, can be the fastest 5 Minutes to
complete the block chain deployment, while providing a variety of safe, efficient consensus algorithm, users can
--19--
2000 + TPS with 10000 + TPS The consensus algorithm selected based on business needs and scenarios. Based on
Huawei's full-stack cloud security capabilities, BCS By layering encryption service, state secret support, homomorphic
encryption and security technologies such as zero-knowledge proof, comprehensive protection accounts, node, books and
data block chain system to ensure that users and transaction information security. Currently, BCS The main focus 4 Categories
9 Small class scenarios, including data assets, IoT , Operators and financial fields, such as: authentication, data memory
card / transaction, new energy, charity donation, Pratt & Whitney and finance.
Public chain and chain Alliance / BaaS While taking a different strategy and development path, but both will still be
long-term coexistence, and even some platforms may eventually converge, or dispersed chain alliance with the public
systems connected by a chain cross chain technology, a wider range of value of the Internet industrial ecology.
2. Digital Asset Store
Development block chain industry requires a new type of digital asset storage, which gave birth to the birth of the
digital wallet. For digital wallet, the security requirements will always be ranked number one. In recent years, digital asset
security issues common digital wallet as an important link in the chain block chain, need to build a more secure and
reliable storage environment. Additionally, for the average user, digital wallet is still very high threshold for the use,
convenience and ease of use urgent need to upgrade. These needs are constantly pushing the iterative digital wallet
updates.
Providing digital wallet purse address the creation, transfer encrypted digital assets, transaction history inquiry
wallet address and other functions. Digital wallet accordance with the principles of cryptography, you can create one or
more addresses purse, wallet each address corresponds to a key pair: the public key and private key. In the world of
digital assets in encrypted private key is the most important, it is the only digital encryption certificate of ownership of
assets, because the public key and private key address can be deduced by. Therefore, the private key generation and
storage determine the security of encrypted digital assets and digital wallet main role is to help users manage and use the
private key. Further, in order to reduce the user's threshold, mnemonic
--20--
Plaintext word has become another form of the private key, which is intended to help users to memorize complex's
private key, increase convenience.
Security is the foundation of a digital wallet, a secure digital wallet should be able to let users of private / mnemonic
is under security protection at all times. Under this principle, the encrypted digital wallet design should follow the following
safety system: basic security system (storage security, network security, secure memory, the installation package security),
security key management system, safety system development process and user behavior security system [ 9] .
At present, the digital wallet type is divided into cold and hot wallet purse. Cold purse wallet is not networked, also
known as off-line wallet; wallet hot line is to keep the wallet intranet, which is the online wallet. Networking is not cold
wallet is safer than hot wallet, because it does not guarantee private access to the Internet, so as to prevent the private
key be stolen by hackers. IT Orange data show that as of 2018
year 3 End, the number of China-related companies develop digital wallet about 15 Home, basically to develop a
heat-based wallet.
In addition, a major feature of the center is to block the development of a digital wallet chain field. Center of the
wallet and the wallet to the center of the most fundamental difference is whether the private self-sustaining. Centralized
wallet features to include: first, the private key is user self-sustaining, of course, the user password is self-sustaining;
second, assets are stored on the block chain, rather than hosted on centralized servers, and currently there is no need real
names certification, you can generate a wallet; third, can not be achieved " Account frozen " ,
" Transaction Rollback " And other operations. Therefore, it is difficult to suffer to the center of the purse to attack by
hackers, users do not have to worry about money service providers appear embezzlement [ 10]
For example: Cheetah Mobile launched mobile wallet safe secure digital assets abroad
SafeWallet , The main block chain of client security, resolve security issues wallet products.
[9] References: Cheetah Mobile Block Chaining central laboratory and cheetah global think tank: "2018 Global Digital Security White Paper Money
wallet"
[10] References: Simon: "Dialogue imToken community leaders: how to protect your digital assets safe", imToken
- twenty one -
Function can send and receive encrypted digital assets, manage multiple wallets, multi-chain support, a variety of ways to
import purse, real-time asset prices, the best transaction costs algorithms, block chain knowledge learning and testing,
and so on. The wallet introduced a three-tier security defense system (secure user behavior, mobile phone security
defense, security asset management), and good ease of use and security expertise. Easy for users to better protect and
manage their encrypted digital assets.
imToken Is a decentralized digital wallet, the user may generate a separate wallet, purse introduction, storage key,
the mnemonic backup, transfers, etc., and at the server level and does not require imToken Do any interaction. imToken On
the server does not store the user's key, mnemonic and other sensitive information that is stored on the user's own phone,
but the level of development in closed iCloud Other cloud sync, to protect sensitive information about the user. Transfer
operation, the user can set the individual freedom of choice inside the block chain node service. In addition,
imToken Work done in terms of user risk control system further comprising: providing a user set up barriers to entry, the
user needs to complete the risk assessment wallet in order to be allowed to use the title imToken Products; the
establishment of a malicious wallet address database, the malicious URL library, library and other risk contracts, imToken When
it finds a malicious user to transfer address, using a malicious Web site or risk contracts, giving timely alerts and stop,
maximize the protection of the security of the user's assets; the establishment of a library block chain of security
incidents, occurred when new security vulnerabilities or fishing event, imToken Give users timely reminder push, security
popularize knowledge block chain to the user. up to now, imToken
have 300 Million active users worldwide 200 Many countries and regions, accounting for foreign users
30% .
Beijing Information Technology Co., Ltd. God library of hardware independent research and development of cold
wallet, is an operating system based on intelligent block chain assets storage device can store a variety of block chain
assets. God wallet library system uses separate hot and cold architecture, two-dimensional code of communication does
not allow private contacts, thorough root private key must risk being stolen by hackers. Wallet consists of two parts: the hardware Cold w
- twenty two -
God and libraries APP (End network), the cold end of the main structure responsible for trading and transaction digital
signatures, libraries God APP Responsible for balance inquiries and broadcast address to send transactions. Cold end
contacting the private key, but not in contact with the network. Library of God APP Access to the Internet, but the process
is open and transparent information block chain, no security risk.
With the increasing worldwide hackers, security challenges for the purse will be increasing, wallets
companies need to iterate through continuous product and technology updates to protect users of encrypted digital
assets.
3. Block chain technology solutions
Block chain solutions mainly refers to expand on the basis of the underlying platform, intended to facilitate
developers to block chain technology to develop products and applications, or direct service providers to provide
customers with solutions for specific business scenarios based.
For example: the Institute of Technology Release notes block chain block chain spectral envelope open platform
registration block chains based on the underlying technology is developed - An open license to establish a chain 6 Trust
layer pyramid model, which is based on credible record books of the block chain, trusted time-based National Time Service
Center, the trusted identity-based digital certificates, digital signatures based on trusted behavior, based on credible
intelligence relations contract to anchor block chain technology to build multi-dimensional digital network society, network
and spectrum for all partners in the eco provide proof of the existence, completeness proof, proof of identity, proof of the
time stamp, proof of the relationship and the registration certificate data transfer capabilities. At the same time, each partner
of a joint digital identity, credible data, digital credentials credible registration, provided the existence, integrity, identity, time
stamp, data relationships and credential registration information to third parties call these messages. This information
includes a verifiable, auditable, traceable, and other characteristics can not be altered. Network service spectrum include
not only information data registration, deposit certificates and other services, can also be achieved in a number of widely
used collaboration scenarios, implementing the interaction between the various elements on the block chain, such as
handling government affairs, judicial expertise, information traceability , security and other security; for the government, the judiciary,
- twenty three -
Public interest organizations and institutions to provide convenient and secure information services and technical support
process reengineering. For example, digital certificates and identity documents for the ownership relationship changes,
authentication and authorization for identity and relationship data, documents and data for audit services relationship,
decision-making and voting for disposal and data relationship. The platform is currently open to the community registration
has been registered since the release of more than more than a hundred companies.
Bit Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing people enjoy actively carry out independent innovation, access 38 Software
copyrights, and has applied for 35 Core patents, with technical superiority and sand block chain network computing
platform, to build centralized network security system from an access security, communications security, storage security,
transaction security four dimensions. Unique content-addressable and P2P Technology provides a safe and efficient
communication to the network service center, to achieve well-letter transparent and intelligent data storage block chain
contract applied by technologies. In addition, the introduction of the public to enjoy a bit based database application platform block chain
- - ChainSQL The block chain technology and traditional database technology combine to create can not be altered,
safe, consistent, low-cost database driven the evolution of database technology. In the financial sector, enjoy all the bits
developed a clearing block chain management platform, credit management platform, bond management platform to
promote scientific and technological innovation of financial services reform, improve the efficiency of financial services,
financial services reduce costs. At the regulatory level, for the public to enjoy a bit to launch the regulatory needs of various
industries block chain transaction monitoring platform, audit data submitted to the platform, medical data auditing platform
and other products, through technological upgrading of existing systems to address audit data is untrue, supervision difficult
to carry out practical problems. Expanded practice cases include: block chain credit business CITIC Bank, Bank of Jiangsu
blocks bill business chain, Suning financial services group block chain blacklist sharing platform, Bank of Nanjing's block
chain clearing system, a state-owned four Bank guarantee one block chain of big firms, factoring, forfeiting, letters of credit,
letters of credit and open platform, a government audit block chain sensitive data platform, security video block chain as
evidence system.
UMPAY Technology Co., Ltd. independent research and development of superior chain ( UChains ), It is for the industry
- twenty four -
Union scenes chain block chain designed for the underlying platform, using the original consensus algorithm and
heterogeneous multi-sub-chain infrastructure, and support for wide area network, a wide range of network-wide consensus
to support the large books and online data to meet the large volume of business in complex scenes and sustained
operation requirements. For the current small and micro enterprises and individual business groups financing, financing a
slow, long period of financing problems, based on order status UMPAY excellent chain, block chain technology using
records collected from overseas business platform provider in the territory, the territory financing request suppliers, changes
in the status of each sum financing, repayment conditions. And then the cross-border trade receivables within the supplier's
credit pledge: First, strictly control the total line of credit, to prevent over-financing; secondly, unlimited line of credit can be
split, allowing multiple vendor financing; and finally, with the line of credit repayment dynamically adjusted. Thereby
providing aspects of supplier credit rating services such as trusted data relevant partners. Currently, the platform has been
nearly six months on the line, to keep 7 × 24 Hours of stable operation, service WISH Seller electronic business platform of
over a million. in 2017 Year, month turnover UMPAY cross-border foreign exchange business presentation about the
beginning of the year 10 We fold increase. In addition, the linkage strengths and Foton reached a strategic cooperation, to
build cars with a large data network platform, relying on the advantages of joint technical resources block chain, big data
and cloud services, from automotive product development, manufacturing a full range of customer applications collect,
store, analyze and share information, provide networking for the Foton Motor vehicles, industrial customers, dealers and
suppliers, partners and government departments overall solution.
(B) Block Chaining hardware manufacturing and infrastructure
One block chain hardware manufacturing and infrastructure originated in the block chain consensus mechanism
- - POW ( Proof of Work Workload proof mechanism), that is the whole network of computing nodes by operator billing
right to force competition, to gain an economic reward. In addition, accounting is one of the core features of distributed
block chain, and the block chain hardware device acts as a node of the accounting function. As more and more reflect the
value chain of the block, the number of competing accounting, resulting in difficulty of the whole network operators force
exhibit exponential rise in the yield and performance of this block chain of hardware devices have a higher
--25--
Requirements, promote the sustainable development of the industry innovation, transformation and upgrading, it achieved
a leading position in the international arena.
1. Operators force increased difficulty and accounting node increases push block chain hardware manufacturing
industry booming
The core block chain hardware manufacturers is that the computing power of the chip, so in the case of force
operators to enhance the difficulty, the competition has gone through the first accounting from the personal computer CPU (Central
Processing Unit) accounting, to GPU (Graphics card) billing, to the birth of professional mining machine, mining machine
and from professional and FPGA (Programmable gate array) to transition ASIC (ASIC) and the like. Block chain hardware
manufacturing to flourish in the calculation of the driving force of increasing difficulty, chip computing capabilities continue
to improve, it is the cornerstone of the development of the whole industry chain block. At the same time, increased
computing power also contributed to the development of other areas, such as: artificial intelligence will be very dependent
on computing power, artificial intelligence chip TPU Equally ASIC Chip, hardware devices rely block chain started a bit on
the mainland and Jianan Yun Zhi released last year AI chip.
In the block chain hardware field, China has the absolute advantage of related companies, most of the world
block chain hardware production by Chinese manufacturers. The world's top three block chain hardware vendors bit
continent, and Jianan Yun Chi billion state science and technology, are Chinese companies. In the arms race counted
forces, who are considered stronger hardware block chain, we will be able to grab more market share. Chip design and
development capabilities, is a decisive factor in the race, so very effectively promoted the development of innovative
ASIC design industry.
For example: a bit continent is an independent design and development of high-performance computing chip
companies, production and sales of hardware chain block, and there are mine pond, cloud platforms and mining AI chip.
One block from the chain mechanism to generate consensus bit continent block chain of hardware devices "POW (Workload
proof mechanism) " The company's R & D Block Chaining POW Computer chips in a leading position in the international
market share ranked first. Core competencies bit continent lies in the ability to design units
--26--
In the power consumption, the most efficient mining operation chip, and adhere to high investment in research and
development and the gradual formation of a monopoly competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the company began to develop AI
Chip business, after two iterations, has reached world-class level.
Jianan Yun Chi's main business is specific integrated circuit ( ASIC ) R & D and derivative chip equipment, design
and sales, and provide system solutions and technical services. Which chip production exceeds heat density per square
millimeter 1 Watts, is currently the top GPU (Nvidia / AMD)
with CPU (Intel) Generally, heat density limitation of 2 Times, and no reliability issues. In addition, Jianan Yun Zhi
released the world's first mass production of artificial intelligence chip KPU ( Knowledge Processing Unit ), The chip
convolution computing performance is the mainstream CPU chip( ARM )of 1000
Times. Up 2017 year 12 End, Jianan Yun Chi has sold based on 28nm as well as 16nm Chip finally force devices about 2000P
, Accounting for the same period in the whole chain block public network operators new force
25% Above, and is the largest customer of TSMC (the world's largest wafer foundry) Northern China.
2. Block chain into the mainstream computing center, shared computing model application due to rising ground
forces counted difficulty of the whole network, act as individual billing node era has already ended in the count forces
intensified competition, the block chain Computing Center became mainstream, it for the development of the whole
industry chain block count of providing power resources. Block chain Computing Center is mainly composed of mineral
pool, whose basic function is to count the individual force gathered to compete billing. We are experiencing fierce
competition after the mine pool monopoly effect more and more obvious, many small mining pool has been eliminated in
this game.
In addition, the shared computing cloud computing concepts have been proposed new Thunderbolt company, it is a
kind of block chain technology, has been authorized by the intelligent hardware device records, aggregated bandwidth,
storage, computing and other resources, the average family in society idle, and cross-platform virtualization technology with
low power consumption, and intelligent scheduling technology node nearest point of access, providing faster,
--27--
More scalable, more environmentally friendly computing resources. Intelligent hardware-based resources such as a bridge,
you can put an individual user's idle bandwidth, storage, and other resources converging to calculate the force capable of
high-quality resources used by businesses, individuals and businesses will be connected together, so that individual users
can for the enterprise . For example: Thunder 2017 China launched the first block under shared computing scenarios chain
applications - Play-off rewards program. By combining intelligent hardware and cloud play-off block chain technology,
Thunder share the economic scale of business growth by leaps and bounds, currently serves hundreds of businesses,
effectively reducing the cost of doing business, but also improve the user's Internet applications experience. Up 2017 year 12
Month, Thunder savings by sharing the value calculated for the whole community 15 Bandwidth billion, equivalent to
savings 6000 Million kWh, reducing 50250 Tons of carbon dioxide emissions is expected that these numbers 2018 Year will
also significantly improve, make a positive contribution to the implementation of the national strategy related to broadband
network speed down costs, energy conservation and so on. Up 2018 year 4 month 16 , Thunder cloud computing
ecosystem by playing off the block chain technology structure shared with trusted by the block chain technology to promote
shared economic model of a large-scale commercial applications, can provide for the whole community
150 More than one million nodes accelerate over 1500PB The massive storage space, 30Tb / s Reserve bandwidth to
meet enterprise storage, network acceleration, the various needs of edge computing, computing functions, effectively
increasing the efficiency of social resources.
Shanghai Bi Bei Fu Wood Co., Ltd. self-developed data RRChain Collected and dried using a personal computer
and the remaining force calculated based on an intelligent terminal block chain technique. based on RRChain The
algorithm, which makes the user to participate in hashing operation threshold can be reduced to a minimum. By idle CPU Various
operations include hash calculations, for ordinary users to achieve widespread participation attract extensive collection
object count remaining force. The remaining count force collected can be used for scientific research, big data analytics,
algorithms, model training, etc. in different areas.
--28--
(C) block chain security
1. Block chain is facing security problems and countermeasures ( 1
) Of the underlying security code
Features a block chain projects (especially in the public chain) is open source. By open source, to enhance the
credibility of the project, but also so that more people can get involved. But also the open source allows an attacker to
attack block chain system becomes easier. 2016 year 10
Month, the National Internet Emergency Response Center released "open source software source code analysis report security vulnerab
Block chain topic "for block chain in the field of well-known open source software, combined with vulnerability scanning
tools and manual auditing way to find high-risk security vulnerabilities in the code level 746 Two, medium risk vulnerabilities
3497 A larger number of high-risk vulnerabilities random number unsafe, insecure JNI , Null pointer dereferencing the like. 2018
year 3 Month, slow fog security team revealed one hundred million digital asset theft incident due Ethernet Square
ecological defects. Place an attacker using an Ethernet node
Geth / Parity RPCAPI Authentication flaws, malicious call eth_sendTransaction Steal digital assets, the duration of up to
two years. There are two main responses: First, the use of the code of professional auditing services, the second is to
understand the security coding standards, and take preventive measures.
( 2 ) The security of cryptographic algorithms
Case currency bits, each block corresponds to a hash value, using SHA256 Algorithm calculated. At this stage, the
algorithm still satisfies three properties of the hash function, one-way, collision-free weak and strong collision, and is safe.
due to SHA1 with MD5 Collision cryptographers have been found, so the two should not be chosen as the hash algorithm
algorithm block chain.
The transaction currency bits using elliptic curve digital signature algorithm ECDSA To ensure the integrity of
transactions. Bit elliptic curve is employed in credits Koblitz curve( secp256k1 ) Instead of the US National Institute of
Standards and Technology ( NIST )recommended secp256r1 . Although currently there is no evidence, but some analysts
believe secp256r1 There may have been NIST Selected with backdoor
--29--
Elliptic curve, and the bit credits virtually avoid this risk [ 11] .
With the development of quantum computers, more and more researchers began to focus on quantum
cryptographic algorithm resistant to attacks, such as grid-based cryptographic algorithms. Elliptic curve cryptography and
quantum can not resist the attack, when the password for quantum attacks in the future become a reality, all quantum
cryptographic algorithms can not resist the attack there is a big risk, need to be replaced. However, the bit coin, the coin bit
address using the public key hash and base58 The result of coding, if Bitcoin funds on deposit in the address without
spending over the years, which means that the public key has not been disclosed, they are in front of a quantum computer
is safe.
Measures include: As a designer, one is the use of cryptographic algorithms in the design stage of security, while
concerned about the progress of anti-quantum cryptology attack, giving priority to use after its maturity; the second is a
reference for the public bitcoin address treatment, reduce the potential risks arising from public leak. As a user, especially
Bitcoin user, the balance after each transaction is stored with the new address, to ensure that there are funds Bitcoin
addresses stored in the public key is not compromised.
( 3 ) Security mechanisms of the current consensus of consensus mechanisms work to prove ( Proof of Work , PoW
), Proof of interest ( Proof of Stake , PoS ), Authorized proof of interest ( Delegated Proof of Stake ,
DPoS ), Practical Byzantine fault tolerance ( Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance , PBFT ) Wait. PoW Faced with 51% Attack the
problem. due to PoW It depends on the force calculation, when the attacker has the advantage count forces, the probability
of finding a new block will be greater than other nodes, then it has the ability to revoke the transaction has occurred. It
should be noted that, even in this case, the attacker can only modify their own trading and can not modify another user's
transaction (the attacker does not
[11] References: 'Nakamoto genius: Bitcoin in unexpected ways to escape some of cryptography bullet "
--30--
Other user's private key). in PoS , The attacker holds more than 51% of Token When the amount of attack can succeed,
with respect to this PoW middle 51% Operators force, the more difficult. in
PBFT , The node is less than the total malicious nodes 1/3 When the system is safe.
In general, any consensus mechanism has its founding conditions, as the attacker, also need to consider is that
once the attack is successful, the system will cause the value to zero, then the attacker in addition to sabotage, and no
get other valuable rewards. For designers block chain project, it should be a clear understanding of the pros and cons of
each mechanism of consensus, to select a suitable mechanism or consensus according to the scene needs, design new
consensus mechanism.
( 4 ) Security intelligence contracts
Intelligent contracts with low operating costs, human intervention risk and other advantages, but if intelligent
design contract problems, will likely bring a greater loss. 2016 year 6 Month, most public-chip Ethernet Square project The
DAO Was attacked by hackers access to more than 350 Ten thousand coins Ethernet, Ethernet Square later led to the
bifurcation ETH with ETC . 2017 year 11 month 7 day Parity Multiple vulnerabilities leading to contract signature 93 Ten
thousand coins Ethernet permanently lost.
There are two main responses: First, intelligent security audit contracts, the second is to follow the smart contract
security development principles [ 12] . Development principles security intelligence contracts are: to be prepared for possible
errors, ensure proper handling code to appear bug And vulnerability; intelligent contracts issued cautious and do
functional testing and safety testing, give full consideration to the border; keep it simple intelligent contracts; attention
block chain threat intelligence, and timely check for updates; a clear characteristics of the block chain, such as prudent to
call an external contract Wait.
( 5 ) Security of the digital wallet
Digital wallet major security risk in three areas: First, the design flaw. 2014 year
[12] References: "Intelligent Ethernet Square contract - Best Security Development Guide"
--31--
At the end, due to a serious newspaper signed a random number problems ( R Repeat value) causing the user to lose
hundreds of pieces of digital assets. Second, the digital wallet that contains malicious code. 2017 Years, there are users
using a micro-channel investment group recommended wallet software, resulting in the loss of digital assets [ 13] . Third, the
computer, the phone is lost or damaged due to the loss of assets. Measures There are four main aspects: First, make
sure that the private key of randomness; second is the hash value of the check before installing the software, ensure that
the digital wallet software has not been tampered with; Third, use cold wallet; fourth is private for backup.
2. Block Chain Security Services
For existing underlying code block chain, cryptographic algorithms, consensus mechanism, intelligent contracts,
digital wallets and other security issues in the field, there have been a number of companies providing security services,
which are mainly through technical means, code audit to help customers solve block chain security issues.
For example, Chengdu Science and Technology Co., Ltd. chain of blocks chain intelligence contracts formal
verification, developed for the block chain security and intelligence contracts functional correctness verification platform VaaS
. Currently, VaaS Platform has support for mainstream block chain platform (such as Ethernet Square, EOS Etc.) formal
verification intelligent contracts, and with domestic 10 A number of block chain industry leading companies to establish a
cooperative relationship. VaaS Formal verification platform, the use of various forms of authentication methods, with high
verification efficiency, high degree of automation, low labor participation, ease of use, support for multiple development
contract language, can support large-capacity block chain underlying platform of formal verification and so on.
VaaS It provides formal verification tool for smart contract, which greatly improve the safety and reliability of the
intelligence contracts. Product contract by strict safety code verification, logic eliminate loopholes in the contract to ensure
security, while meeting the needs of practical application efficiency, achieve effective control of the risks of vulnerability.
Again, slow fog Xiamen Technology Co., Ltd., specializing block chain of ecological safety, it is already full
[13] References: "digital currency Beginner's Guide | teach you how to identify malicious software wallet."
--32--
A number of well-known ball block chain and the company did a security audit defense deployment, as a third party audit
of the audited entity 200 Multiple Ethernet intelligent Square contract, the cumulative discovered dozens of high-risk,
medium-risk security issues. Wind control block chain of ecological products - Malicious purse address database, covering
fishing, extortion, theft of three types of malicious purse address, covering a variety of block chain digital assets, while providing
Python , NodeJS , Go , Java And other mainstream languages SDK , Flexible access products risk control system. Relying on a
slow fog Mo honeypot systems and analysis techniques, and the ability to near real-time monitoring, analysis, semantic
recognition module fishing information on social media, supplemented by a team of professional security screening, judge,
to ensure accurate and effective data. In addition, through its vast ecosystem partners can achieve malicious wallet
information sharing. " Slow fog area " Block chain security community has a total number of radiation 10 Million people, by
sharing threat intelligence, communication block chain security technology, with many employees work together to block
chain block chain together to contribute to ecological security.
3. Bring quantum technological development and respond to security challenges
Establishing quantum computer is a computer running qubits in the quantum entity (such as photons, electrons,
atoms, ions) based on, since the ability quantum computer based on the parallel processing information qubit, in theory,
with the computing power of the quantum number of bits increase increases exponentially, it has super computing power
compared to a classical computer. internationally,
Google , IBM Microsoft and other companies have invested heavily in hardware and software development of quantum
computers, 2017 year IBM The company announced that developed with 50 Qubit quantum computing prototype, 2018 year
Google The company released 72 Qubit quantum chips, mainly for Microsoft topological quantum computing research
and development, 2018 In announcement made significant progress. There are also a number of research institutions and
Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu and other cutting-edge research in Internet companies quantum computing.
Quantum computers would present a major security threat to the cryptographic system currently in use. Block
chain depends elliptic curve public key encryption algorithm to generate a digital signature to safely deal mesh
--33--
The most commonly used before ECDSA , RSA , DSA And so, in theory, can not withstand the quantum attacks. The theory
predicts that for a certain length based on asymmetric elliptic curve encryption algorithm ECC Keys, with the current
supercomputer take decades to crack the password if have thousands of qubits and quantum computers Shor Algorithm
is expected to tens of minutes can be broken. Visible, quantum algorithms will present a number of public key
cryptography system block chain adopted a serious threat to security policies must be made to deal with quantum
computing.
In response to security threats quantum computer to bring the password, the key method of calculating the
quantum cryptographic and key-based anti-quantum can be used. Anti-quantum computing code has the advantage that
the anti-quantum computation password used in the Internet does not require additional hardware devices, especially
expensive hardware quantum system, conducive to the rapid popularization of large-scale applications. Advantages of
having a higher quantum key based on the physical security in that while the main disadvantage is that relatively expensive
hardware-based quantum, a quantum future hardware integration and further cost reduction, which will help Quantum
widely used key. In practical coping strategies in the future, depending on the security requirements of the application, a
combination of the two strategies.
preventive solution 1 : Anti quantum computation using the password.
Quantum computers for some specific mathematical problems can greatly speed up calculations, but for the
moment does not have the effect of accelerating all mathematical problems, it can be quantum computing research and
development of anti-encryption algorithm using the mathematical problems of quantum computers are not good at. Early in the world
2006 Years held a seminar password anti-quantum computing, there are currently more is considered to be anti-quantum
computing encryption system: based on Hash Password, password-based error correction code, based on grid code,
multivariable public key cryptosystem, etc., these encryption methods are considered at a sufficient long keys can resist
attack classical and quantum computing.
At present, foreign countries have adopted anti-block chain quantum computing password encryption algorithm,
the British anti-quantum books ( Quantum Resistant Ledger, www.theqrl.org ) Can be adopted
--34--
Resistance to attack the encryption algorithm quantum computing. The anti quantum computing widely used password if
you also need to develop relevant international standard because the new algorithm must not only resist the attack of a
quantum computer can resist the attack of the traditional classical computer, further research is needed.
Anti-quantum computing is still essentially based on mathematical password security, the future of quantum
computing further development is also likely to break through some mathematical problems, so that part of the
anti-quantum computation password is no longer secure. If there are some risks purely from the viewpoint of security, so
people are concerned about the quantum key encryption method based on physical security.
preventive solution 2 : Quantum key. Quantum key distribution ( Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) Is the quantum
nature of photons dispensing one embodiment key, which is generated in this way can continuously provide the user with
a new random key, and this random from the physical layer. In the process of quantum key distribution, the key will not
directly pass through the channel each other, but both sides have key after further consultations, if someone tries to
eavesdrop the middle, it will increase the error rate of the system is found , communicating parties can abandon this key
period of insecurity and negotiate new random key. Compared key-based quantum key mathematical algorithm is based
on the physical security, even powerful computing capability quantum computers can not be calculated crack.
1984 year IBM Scientists Charles Bennett And his collaborators first quantum key distribution protocol BB84 Agreement, and
later developed a E91 , B92 , MDI-QKD And other agreements. Chinese in this area come from behind and is now in the
world's most advanced level. 2017 Years, Russian scientists quantum key distribution technology for encrypted block
chain, and demonstrated success in experiments.
(Iv) block chain industry services
1. Block chain Media and Community
With the initial formation of industrial scale and hot block chain, the industry also emerged
--35--
Windy such as Finance, IT Oranges, deep-chain finance, Babbitt, fire Financial News, Financial Mars, Jung Finance, chain
too much, and Locke Finance cloth, cloth Tongxinluo off, light rain intellectual media, we block chain, three o'clock in the
community, such as a bird community batch of media and community. IT Orange data show that as of
2018 year 3 month 31 The new company day, the media and community block chain is the number of fields 58 Home,
investment amount for the event 28 Since, the amount of financing multi-millions, millions and even billions levels. Among
them, only 2018 In the first quarter it took place in the field 18 Since investment events, including: Mars Finance, Seoul
Finance tiger, chain too much, and Babbitt etc to get investment. Block chain and media community has also become a
popular investment direction quarter block chain industry.
For a new track, the investors tend to invest in a media industry, to understand the information industry as a
whole, as well as the right to acquire a certain amount of public opinion, which is a lot of investors will choose to invest
from the media come into the office block chain in the field of the reason. Furthermore, since the value of the whole
industry chain block highlights, wealth accumulation effect is obvious, so 2018 In traditional media, there are many
professional people have entered the field of entrepreneurship block chain, finance, financial sector and other traditional
financial media channel or column open block chain, it also allows block chain related content quality has been greatly improved.
At present, the block chain and business community in the field of media, mainly to industry news, alerts, in-depth
reports, quotes, data, community, and other forms of community-based, and other forms of media and there is no
essential difference. From a business model point of view, the areas of the company basically advertising revenue-based,
the other will give rise to a number of related training, conference events, ratings, data and other value-added services
beyond traditional profit model is no category.
With the increase in incoming persons, demand exceeds supply situation will soon appear. After all, the media is
still a flow of business, and now a lot of media development context block chain broadly consistent, serious homogeneity. At
the same time, the field of development of the whole block chain also has begun to become more rational, for many of the
chain block incoming media are concerned, the upcoming reshuffle. Finally, the market can survive block chain and
community media, it must be those that block chain spread positive energy, really
--36--
Is creating value, the company has unique advantages for the user.
2. Investment agency
The traditional mainstream investment institutions in the field of block chain, once known " Classicist " . However,
these institutions have seen many rounds of economic cycles baptism, their professional competence is still a strong
competitive force in the market. In fact, like IDG Capital, Sequoia Capital China, British Connaught Angel Fund, fund it real
that several major institutional investors to participate in the very early investment in the field of chain blocks, such as: IDG As
early as capital 2012 In layout block chain began its investment in the mainland bits in the country, peace One Group's
financial accounts through water droplets financial and other companies and Mars. Among them, a bit like the mainland,
One financial accounts through which the two companies are Unicorn Company; Sequoia Capital invested in Chinese
mainland bits, UGChain Etc; Inno angel fund investment recorded net technology, operator force recovered RNNC Project,
a chain block and block chain College and other investment; it real funds invested money in the world, Ecom Chain Wait. In
the domestic field block chain investment, traditional mainstream investment institutions in terms of professional
competence and the brand still has a strong competitive advantage.
At the same time, but also the emergence of a newly established Token Investment institutions, their main areas
of concern block chain overseas investment. according to IT Orange data in 2017 In the newly established 46 Institutional
investors, there has been 9 House special cast block chain project of the new investment institutions, which accounted for
nearly new institutions 20% . But with the traditional VC Have raised based on overseas markets Token Institutional
investors, those new institutional investors is bound to face greater competitive pressure. Similar to 2017 In the savage
state investment growth is over, the industry began to become more rational.
3. Industrial Organization and research institutions
Development and application of industrial floor block chain without the support of industry organizations.
According to incomplete statistics, from 2015 year 12 Months to 2017 Late last year, set up in the country associated with the block chai
--37--
Union / Association has reached nearly 20 A [ 14] . The emergence of a China Computer Federation block chain special
committee of Zhongguancun Industry Alliance block chain, chain blocks credible alliance, Chinese Institute of Electronics
chain block special committee, China Mobile Communications Association International Union Block Chaining application
innovation, China block chain Research Alliance, Beijing block chain technology applications Association, Zhejiang
Province, block chain technology applications Association, Shenzhen block chain associations, financial block chain
cooperation (Shenzhen), and so a large number of block chain organization. These organizations provide a professional
platform for exchanges and cooperation between people in the industry, to promote the healthy development of Chinese
industries and accelerate the adoption of block chain floor has played a huge role in promoting. E.g:
China Computer Federation block chain special committee aimed at solidarity, unity, organization block chain
professionals in the field to carry out academic exchanges, enhance research, teaching and personnel training level of
our field block chain, block chain to promote research the application and industrialization, to enhance the influence of our
country in the international academic block chain field.
Zhongguancun Industry Alliance initiated the establishment of block chain in 2016 year 2 Month, under the
guidance of Zhongguancun Administrative Committee, by the Tsinghua University, Peking University, Beijing University of
Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Chinese Information and
Telecommunications Research Institute, China Mobile Research Institute, China Unicom Research Institute, Microsoft,
Beijing Century Internet broadband data center Co., lighted investment management Co., Bubi (Beijing) network technology
Co., Ltd. 50 Number of units of voluntary association block chain initiated the establishment of industry-related units. The
alliance is based on block chain industry, focusing standardization and industrialization block chain technology, to promote
the research and application of block chain technology, industrial research, policy advice, network protocol standard, the
patent system, business incubator, innovative applications, international cooperation and actively explore.
Trusted block chain Alliance launched by the Chinese Academy of ICT-led, it aims to promote basic nuclear chain block
[14] Reference: "China Industry Development Report 2018 block chain", China Block Chaining Applied Research Center
--38--
Heart technology research and industry application landing, speed up the block chain credible standard iterative updates,
support government decision-making, promote positive and healthy development of the industry chain blocks, enhance
the international influence of the block chain.
To integrate and coordinate the financial block chain technology resources to create synergy and coordination
mechanisms of the financial block chain technology and applications to explore, 2016 year 5 Month, all the micro-finance
Bank jointly Shenzhen Science and Technology Association, Shenzhen Tong and other companies, led the establishment
of a financial block chain Cooperation (Shenzhen) (abbreviation: gold chain AU), the current gold chain League is over one
hundred members of the unit, covering banks, funds, securities, insurance, local equity exchanges, technology companies
and other industries, all over twenty four Cities. Gold chain alliance member institutions committed to finance exploration
block chain technology and applications in the cloud service, a study of digital assets, credit, OTC equity market, issuance
and trading of financial products, integration, insurance, bills and other fields, and gradually from concept to practical application.
Cross features large data, intelligence and information science and legal research and its broad prospects law,
information technology, finance aspects of the application of China's first focus on big data, block chain, regulatory
science and technology as the representative of the financial policy based on science and technology research
institutions practice commercial practice and exploration - " Law Chain Laboratory " Established. In academic research,
original research laboratory engaged in cutting-edge science and technology supervision; in social services, laboratory
play to their advantages in resources, to establish close ties with business and government to become collaborative
research development center for government, enterprises high-quality consulting services. With its cutting-edge
knowledge laboratory dedicated to the analysis of large data and applications, and promote the development of science and technology
In addition, due to the rapid development of the block chain industry, leading to a serious shortage of talent.
Therefore, the relevant universities all regions of the country is also actively exploring the field of personnel training mode
for China's industrial chain block delivery of human resources. For example: Tsinghua University iCenter , School of
Software, Zhejiang University, Tongji Science and Technology Research Institute of Finance, Beijing University of Posts
and Telecommunications Online Block Chaining Education and Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Xi'an Univ
--39--
Study Institute and other universities were set up block chain-related courses.
With the establishment and improvement of personnel training mode block chain universities or major institutions,
it will block chain industry for China's continuous supply of more talented people. Coupled with the push block chain
Alliance / Association development block chain industries in China will enter a new stage.
--40--
Third, the block chain application development situation in the financial sector
Characteristics of various types of block chains to provide trust mechanism, has the potential of changing the
financial infrastructure, various financial assets such as shares and bonds, notes, warrants, fund shares and so can be
integrated into the block chain books, becoming the chain digital assets, and performed on the block chain store, transfer
transactions. Disintermediation block chain technology, can reduce transaction costs and make financial transactions more
convenient, intuitive and secure. Block chain technology combined with the financial industry, is bound to create more and
more business models, service scenarios, business processes and financial products, and thus bring more impact on
financial markets, financial institutions, financial services and financial development may . With the combination of
technology improvements and block chain block chain technology and other financial technology, block chain technology
will gradually adapt to the application of large-scale financial scene. The following block chain technology to expand the
application combing supply chain finance, trade finance (letters of credit, guarantees, forfeiting, factoring, bills), credit,
transaction settlement, integration sharing, insurance, securities and other financial typical scene .
(A) supply chain finance
Supply chain finance is the core banking business and upstream and downstream enterprises linked to provide
flexibility in the use of a financing model of financial products and services. Supply chain finance is an emerging,
huge-scale stock market. Prospective Industrial Research Institute data show, 2017 China's supply chain finance market
size 13 Trillion, a figure expected to 2020 Grew to 15 Trillion yuan. Supply chain finance can be injected upstream suppliers of
funds, improve operational efficiency and overall competitiveness of the supply chain, for the activation of the supply chain
operation is important. Financial supply chain financing model including accounts receivable financing, factoring and
financing against warehouse warehouse financing facility. Among them, the main financing services including banks,
enterprises, supply chain companies and service providers, B2B Participants multi-platform.
Supply chain finance participants include: core enterprise, small and medium enterprises, financial institutions
and third-party support services. Wherein, with strong bargaining power in the supply chain upstream and downstream chain
--41--
Is known as one of the core businesses, financial services supply chain finance downstream usually revolves around the
core business. As the core enterprise of suppliers usually upstream and downstream, in terms of dealer pricing, and other
demanding account of the supply chain SMEs often strapped for cash, liquidity problems, etc., resulting in greatly reduced
or even shut down the supply chain efficiency. Therefore, the core problem facing the financial industry supply chain is SME
financing, financing more expensive, high cost, low turnover efficiency. Supply chain finance platform, the authenticity of the
core enterprise system is difficult to verify the transaction itself, leading to high cost of capital risk control ends. Information
between the various participants in the supply chain separated from each other, the lack of technical means of information
flow in the supply chain, ecological, business flow, logistics and cash flow to get through, information can not be shared
leading to difficulties in conducting trust, processes and complex procedures, increase trust costs expensive, digital assets
at all levels in the chain is unable to achieve the split, transmission and spread. The World Bank report shows that China's
small and medium micro enterprises in 4 As there is credit difficulties or problems can not get external financing from the
formal financial system. Small and micro enterprises themselves limited by the company's business, capital and scale, there
is a low risk-resisting ability, financial data is not standardized, enterprise information issues such as lack of transparency,
corporate finance credit is difficult to achieve the standard. On the other hand, due to the backward social guarantee
system and credit system development, are less likely to tiny businesses to access credit and higher interest rates.
Especially for second-tier suppliers dealers, they did not establish business relationships directly with the core business at a
disadvantage when applying for bank financing.
Block chain technology can achieve credit penetrating the supply chain of the financial system, to solve the
difficult financing, financing expensive problem for the two suppliers distributors. Block chain in which the two play a role,
above all the right to do the core business processes, including the true effectiveness of the entire bill reconciliation and
confirmation; followed by the real proof of the effectiveness of the transfer of debt certificates, certificate itself can not
guarantee the debt of fraud, achieve open up credit , and then solve credit financing difficulties of second-tier suppliers. In
this eco-trust, the core business of credit (bills, credit line or payable is indeed the right amount) can be converted to
digital certificates, smart contract performance risk prevention, the credit may have along the supply chain
--42--
Conduction efficiency, reduce the cost of cooperation, to improve performance efficiency. More importantly, when the
numbers warrant can be anchored in the chain, can also be achieved by intelligent contract splitting and transfer of funds
of upstream and downstream enterprises, greatly improves the speed funds to solve the financing difficulties of SMEs
financing your problem.
For example, Tencent block chain + supply chain finance solutions are designed to connect the core business and
capital assets end end financial institutions, accounts receivable from the core business of the underlying assets, achieve
debt obligations by Tencent block chain technology transfer split. Which, at the time of the original asset register on the
chain, by accounts receivable suppliers is indeed the right to review and verify, confirm a real and effective trade relations,
in order to ensure the authentic chain assets. Debt Obligations layers can be split based on supply and transfer chain, each
complete transfer of the original asset can be traced back to register on the chain to achieve the core business of multi-level
suppliers of credit penetration. In addition, the platform also works with a number of financial institutions, to enhance the
efficiency of capital allocation to support small and micro enterprises based on supply chain financing, reduce financing
costs, to support the real economy.
Again, easy to see supply chain management Co., Ltd. based Hyperledger Fabric R & D block supply chain
financial services system " Block is easy to see " Platform portray the true background of trade transactions between the two
sides, a credit pre-trial and post-loan accessibility for financial institutions. Initiated on the platform vendor financing needs
of financial institutions in response, the core business is indeed the right, easy to see from the block provide platform
services, financial institutions to provide financing services to suppliers. Effectively expand low-risk money into financial
institutions to improve cash flow rate of suppliers, reduce financing costs, optimize core business procurement
environment. Block chain technology can also be applied in the field of supply chain financial information security. Block
is easy to see resolved ABS Investors can not see the problem underlying asset data in real time. Traditionally, ABS The
underlying assets may change in time, but all businesses can not unconditionally open data to other people to watch at
any time. Easy to see blocks to protect the safety of the underlying asset securitization after the data call, the platform
allows investors by permission API Interface to view real-time
--43--
It is, and their view frequency and time are recorded, to ensure information security. In addition, the block is easy to see
using the block chain technology to protect the financial security of the amount of storage online repo business, the sale
and buy-back process can be completed online, and to ensure that the audit check back space. Up 2018 year 3 month 31 Day,
block system has been easy to see 150 Family businesses, the amount of online delivery twenty one Billion, involving
multiple fields of medicine, chemistry, manufacturing, bulk, logistics and aviation.
Again, 2018 year 2 month 6 Day, One financial accounts through the introduction of the block chain solutions " One
chain account " , Covering transactions over 12 Trillion, registered financial institutions 800 More than, One Business Bank
financing platform for SMEs to access points near Festival 17,000 A. The program encrypted information by means of the
world's first licensable type decrypt sharing technology can support remote state secret algorithm for fast one-click
deployment; not only can reduce the small and medium banks and financial institutions to obtain cost-performance block
chain underlying design services, but also to regulators department created a transparent and efficient regulatory
environment. In terms of supply chain finance scene, Ping An Bank has developed a core enterprise platform services
accounts receivable, accounts receivable records do the right block in the chain, circulation, finance, full payment of due
process information. The use of block chain technology to identify the assets of the supply chain, to achieve publicity and
traceable assets within the information chain, can not be tampered with, can not be deleted.
2017 year 6 Month, Zheshang Bank interest-based chain technology platform underlying block chain Hyperchain
developing " Receivables chain platform " online. The platform is the use of block chain technology enterprise accounts
receivable into online payments and financing tools to help enterprises to leverage cost reduction of an innovative
financial technology products. Designed to deal with the issue of corporate accounts receivable, acceptance,
confirmation, payment, transfer, pledge and payment services. Up 2018 year 5 Month, there 600 Many enterprises settled
in the platform, to provide convenient payment and financing.
(B) Trade Finance
China's banking sector in terms of the overall size of funds, the number of subscribers, market share, etc. have a
place in the international arena, but in infrastructure construction there are a lot lacking. Such as banking
--44--
Room service message delivery still rely on international organizations Swift , EDI And so on, these international
organizations to control the platform, data, users, especially international trade, balance of payments between banks and data.
From 2017 In the beginning, some domestic banks have begun to think the establishment of service packets sent
and received alliances between banks, started to build their own trade finance platform based block chain system. By
block chain letters of credit under the terms of trade finance, guarantees, forfeiting, factoring, bills, establish inter-bank
messages in the form of an interactive network of alliances chain, domestic banks, foreign branches of international
banks to equality, sharing, free Join identity, and can take advantage of the characteristics of an invitation to participate in
the multi-block chain enterprises to participate in together ecology, national official agencies such as customs, taxation,
judicial, business can participate and build ecology. Eco once completed, will not only solve the problems between banks
send and receive messages, but can also help banks, regulators to identify the authenticity trade background, tracking
credit risk, establish a China-based banking service standards, messaging standards, technical standards so that China's
banking sector in the international financial sector really play a leading role.
1. letter of credit
Traditional credit business processes faced mostly after opening a letter of credit delivered in paper form, security
is low, difficult to verify. Open a letter of credit between banks is currently no electronic channels, mostly open letter, the
letter of credit in the event of modification, to a single case, notification, there is no direct information exchange channel.
At present, many domestic inter-bank credit use Swift MT799 , MT999 Or second-generation pay packets, MT799 versus MT999
We can not support Chinese, the second generation of payment messages short not meet the requirements.
The use of technology alliances block chain chain link multiple buyers and sellers row lines, electrical open in the
true sense, quasi-real-time delivery and done, the main chain to achieve credit through the establishment of mutual trust
and netting position management mechanism, Real-time written on the certificate chain, real-time access and real-time
verification test charge, thus reducing bills, letters of credit of transit time, speed up capital turnover rate. At the same
time, changes in the credit can be captured in real time lines or other related companies and third parties, insurable
--45--
Permit the parties to information transparency to ensure stakeholder interests. By introducing block chain technology,
information can be implemented on the credit chain security, fast, traceable delivery, and can support Chinese message,
letter of credit in the country can replace SWIFT In order to achieve self-controlled domestic security credit exchange
system.
E.g, 2017 year 7 Month, the cloud like block chain help China Minsheng Bank launched the country's credit-based
information transmission system block chain ( BCLC ), Has changed the traditional bank credit business model. Open
letters of credit, notices, pay slips, acceptance message, pay packets have passed all aspects of implementation of the
system, reducing the time letters of credit and transmission of documents, message transmission time up to the second
level, a substantial increase in credit business efficiency, while the use of tamper-resistant properties of the block chain to
improve the security of credit business. Specifically, the use of block chain technology with business credit system,
establish a letter of credit based on information and trade documentation system of electronic transmission block chain
technology to achieve the domestic electricity instead of the letter of credit opened the letter. BCLC The bank is connected
to a network, so that the issuing, notifications, pay slips, acceptance, payment process more transparent traceability,
each node can see the entire credit business for the process and the main information and more transparent than the
traditional credit business and efficient, avoid errors and fraud. Currently, China CITIC Bank has partnered with Minsheng
Bank launched the first domestic banking credit block chain applications.
Again, 2017 year 9 Month, Suning Suning Bank led the financial sector on the relevant domestic credit line the block
chain information transmission system, currently have opened up the domestic amount of the credit 1.3 Billion. The system
uses hyperledger fabric Union chain technology, CITIC Bank, Minsheng Bank, Bank Suning composition to achieve strict
compliance, no third party, issuing real-time, full encryption of issuing domestic credit line, notifications, pay slips, to the
orders, acceptance, payments, closed book and other functions. Information transmission, the block chain alliance
members to immediately collect domestic credit chain within the Union issuing documents, without adding SWIFT Manual or
nuclear charge, effective solution to the problem Suning bank external information exchange. Liquidity aspect, each line
within the Union to open domestic mutual recognition of certificates, to broaden the financial
--46--
Capital transfer channels. Business processing, electronic documents can be uploaded to speed up business processes,
audit automatic calibration information and reduce operational risk. User experience, tamper-resistant properties of the
block chain to improve the security of credit business, which greatly enhance the user experience, and enhance the ability
to obtain customer Suning banks.
2. Guarantees
Most traditional guarantee business processes require human intervention, low efficiency leads to high labor
costs banks. Guarantee security is not high, there may be fraud, go through difficulties after the loss, lack of trust
mechanism, claims inconvenient, sometimes difficult to protect the interests of the beneficiaries. BG parties business
processes independent of each other, there is information asymmetry situation.
BG construction business block chain management platform to attract business stakeholders to join guarantees,
from the beginning of the tender, issued guarantees to guarantee the revocation process key information to generate
blocks stored in the block chain, China Unicom business stakeholders have been isolated business processes, all
business information is stored in the block chain, to ensure information security, transparent, tamper-proof. With block
chain technology, information sharing, speed up the flow of information, reduce the risk of information asymmetry caused;
Unicom business process stakeholders to enhance the parties work efficiency and reduce costs; to build a new guarantee
business application mode.
E.g, 2017 year 9 Month, interest chain technology and the Industrial Bank of cooperation based on the tender
security application system block chain technology line, the traditional tender bonds will have innovative business
channels, interaction and the underlying technology, the whole process of online operations to achieve a tender security
services and handling, protection of business data in authentic while improving the customer experience.
3. Forfaiting
The traditional forfaiting business processes is no publicly quoted market platform for trading offer dependent
micro letter, QQ And other communication tools, messaging security risks exist, high inquiry cost and low efficiency.
Various documents by fax or mail, easily lost, security is poor. Debt-to
--47--
Let the book and notice of transfer to SWIFT Messages, mail, fax, confirmed easily tampered with, it is difficult to confirm
legitimacy.
The use of block chain technology with business applications to achieve forfeiting sell the line release bulletin
information, credit information content includes basic elements of information and sell the message line contact
information. Forfaiting per transaction can track and trace information exchanges messages and block information on the
league chain. For example, China Construction Bank Zhejiang Branch in cooperation with the Union Bank of Hangzhou,
to achieve the industry's first pen cross-bank block chain forfaiting transactions, this pen business by means of block
chain technology to connect the line to buy, sell two sides line, online inquiry, quotation , send messages, transfer
documents and other functions, to achieve electronic transactions, effectively enhance the timeliness, safety,
convenience. Up 2018 year 1 Month, CCB block chain forfaiting volume has more than 20 Billion yuan, 18 Home domestic
branches and overseas institutions have begun to use the block chain forfeiting functionality.
4. Factoring
Problems faced by traditional international factoring business is mainly overseas branches are not members of
the international factoring, can not be used EDI Information exchange system messages, low efficiency, poor security,
poor customer experience. Invoices, credit transfer list and so on in paper form, security is low, difficult to verify.
Overseas branches and domestic branches no information exchange channels, only through
SWIFT Packet mode, timeliness is poor, and there is operational risk.
Block chain technology-based factoring business platform enables exporters or export factor sends vendor
information or credit application information, including the initial credit application or a formal credit application. Import
Factor preliminary credit or formal credit approval and quote the export factor information sent by exporters. Export Factor
according to the amount of the actual use of credit adjustment application can initiate, import factor reply after receipt of the
application. Exporters or export factoring business conduct transfer information registration invoice or credit list or cancel,
import factor after receipt sent to the importer for confirmation. Import factor will pay the importer
--48--
Approval or payment information is sent to the export factor, the export factor may also be an indirect payment
information will be sent to the import factor through the system. Course of trade dispute, the import and export factoring
business can initiate dispute or controversy will notify the other party and send a message to solve. Import Factor may be
written off or send information and transfer of anti-receivable factoring commission and other cost information to the
export factor. After the termination of import and export factoring business relationships, the export factor may initiate
consultations factoring agreement or termination information. Import and Export Factoring parties can send each other
money or other free-form message information.
5. bill
The current bill market, there are numerous bills brokers, intermediaries, opaque, highly leveraged mismatch,
illegal trading and other phenomena are not uncommon, cause a variety of risks. First, moral hazard perspective, the
paper ticket " More than one vote to sell " Electric votes " Endorsement to fight money out of sync " The phenomenon have
occurred, block chain technology can not be altered characteristics can effectively prevent the above problems. Secondly,
operational risk from the operation, the current ticket information transfer need to rely on centralized service system, the
establishment of a block-based chain of new digital technology architecture bill business model, enabling the transfer to
the center of the bill value, lower center of the system brings operational and operational risk. Finally, from a market risk
perspective, a large number of market intermediaries mismatch between assets and not only led to the loss of its own,
also tied the interests of the bank. In addition, the current paper market on the exchange of information is more one on
one, easily lead to information asymmetry and age difference and different mode of operation, supervision can only be
carried out by way of on-site audit of the business model and the lack of circulation Quick review of the whole process, access to means
Bill is a valued document, which has been passed need to hide " Third party " Role to ensure that the parties to the
transaction is secure. Programmable means and a data block chain of transparency, participants can effectively control the
balance of assets and liabilities terminal end, a more true market price index, in order to better control the market risk. By
block chain information records and back, easy to set up information retrieval and alerts based on keywords or other smart
ways to enhance the effective information
--49--
Sex, and with its openness advantages make information more quickly transmitted to those who need to reduce market
information asymmetries. Since the block chain optimization or change does not require a centralized server, the system
does not need to span multiple links through time, for now, rely on the system to handle business bill is a great system
optimization, business decision-making easier, direct and effective, improve the operational efficiency of the entire paper
market. Block chain based on the use of smart contracts, while using the programmable features of bill circulation, by
editing the control program may define the direction and flow values. Tamper-proof connected stamp block chain
constituted of longitudinal data, access to such regulatory greatly reduce the cost, fully transparent data management
system also provides a way to retroactively trusted. Meanwhile, regulatory rules can be established in a chain by a
common constraint programming code to achieve full coverage and regulatory policy control [ 15] .
January 25, 2018, in accordance with the arrangements of the People's Bank of China, the Shanghai Stock
Exchange bill, led by the Institute of digital currency notes in the credit card industry Development Co., Ltd. Hangzhou
Institute of Technology Block Chaining (referred to in the note block chain technology Institute) to undertake, together with
four commercial banks (ICBC, Bank of China, Shanghai Pudong development Bank, Bank of Hangzhou) R & D " Block
chain technology based on digital bill trading platform " Experimental production system successfully on-line test run.
9:30:07 morning, the first digital ticket in ticket out of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, par value of 16 million yuan, the
successful completion of the issuance, acceptance, discount and rediscount business. The platform uses chain
technology alliance, the central bank, digital clearinghouse, commercial banks and other participating agencies in the
form of alliance with permission chain node network access digital ticket. Different nodes can be granted when access
according to business needs and different roles on different operating authority chain, including voting rights, such as
read-only access permissions and billing. After the digital ticket issued in the form of intelligent contracts registered in the
league chain, and dealmakers in the chain. Clearing the league outside the chain connecting existing account-based
payment platform is accomplished by digital clearinghouse. The main angle digital ticket exchange
[15] References: tiandiwuya: "block chain technology used in the field of bills - bills chain", CSDN blog
--50--
Transaction settlement process color is to act as an intermediary in trust, dealmakers major party alliance based on shared
data link by the participating commercial banks and institutions involved to complete. In this system, the traditional function
of the whole life cycle of the bill all implementations, including: ticketing, endorsement, discount, rediscount, collection and
so on. The system is based homomorphic encryption + zero-knowledge proof, developed a set of privacy protection
programs to support information can be found at counterparties, regulators have the ability to see through. And a strong
flexible regulatory privacy protection mechanisms, real-time access details of the transaction currently in progress, monitor
suspicious or unusual bill business, and limit the digital ticket guarantee financial security through the operating system
privileges or access to participation rights and other parties.
(C) credit
China's credit industry in the future market will reach one hundred billion, a huge credit market space, but the whole
credit industry data silos form, the information can not be shared, can not generate greater value. In the current credit
institutions, regardless of capital market credit rating agencies, the commercial market or the consumer market assessment
agencies to assess the need for security agencies to share data, as well as the need to reduce financial risk and data
acquisition costs, and promote the healthy development of the security industry. Effective solution to the problems faced by
data sharing and storage technology, a more clear understanding of user portrait help determine and decision-making,
reduce risk and lower costs, facilitate information sharing. To share the credit industry blacklist prominent business
scenarios as examples, the cross-cutting, cross-industry, cross-agency environment, using traditional techniques to achieve
a shared blacklist difficult and costly to implement, difficult to achieve multi-party trust. Meanwhile, the traditional center of
the technology to share information easily blacklist there has been tampered with, and the data can not be traced, the
authenticity of the information sharing can not be guaranteed. Traditional blacklisting technology sharing difficult to achieve
near real-time data synchronization between the various agencies, and there is real-time data consistency problems.
Union institutions blacklist blacklist data as evidence to establish the use of block chain technology platform
docking various Union institutions blacklist business systems, dispersed among the various credit bureaus together
--51--
Data sharing, the establishment of a virtuous cycle to achieve self-government system. The advantage of this scheme is
that low-cost, small transformation of existing systems, low-cost platform laid. Data can be traced back, all agencies
blacklist data sharing. Real-time data synchronization, high blacklist data update aging, high data availability. Versatility,
the system provides a common API Services, applications can interface various banks and credit institutions.
For example, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange to develop a "tile-based chain of OTC equity trading platform"
project, for the construction of regional equity market intermediaries can not share information requirements pain points " Credit
agency chain " To develop a standard credit intermediaries regional equity markets, the block chain as intermediaries to
improve data integrity and accuracy of the technical means to help agencies reduce fraud, reduce business risk, more
important is to get through path regional equity markets of the interconnection. 2017 year 11 Months to complete credit
agency chain officially released on the line, the strands cross centers already operating test, and can be shared on inquiry
agency chain information through the system. Block chain technology without the use of centralized, tamper-proof
features to achieve agency information sharing between the equity market. China Unicom and business credit
intermediaries landing chain, the first step is to explore the interconnection of regional equity markets, achieve
announcement as evidence between future regional equity markets, the registration depository and other services to
provide a solid foundation for the unified supervision and provide possible.
Liuhe digital technology-based block chain technology transfer credit, the credit will be applied to the block chain
forming the main body and the trading process four streams-one verification of SMEs, small and medium enterprises
assessment solve problems, and form a coalition agreement with the banks and other financial institutions, by distributed
block chain validation, recognition and identification mechanisms to build credit, procurement and financing to help SMEs solve problem
Suning to finance 2018 year 2 Last month, the financial industry line block chain blacklist sharing platform system,
on the block chain, financial institutions can be deployed independently access node Union blacklist chain data stored
encrypted financial institutions, to carry out block data upload and query chain blacklist and other services. By block chain
technology platform to achieve a decentralized non-operating agency shared blacklist mode
--52--
Formula to solve the blacklist data is not open, the data is not centralized, access to difficult industry pain points, and low
cost, effectively reducing the operating costs of financial institutions, but also to protect the privacy interests of customers
and financial institutions.
(D) the transaction clearing
In the traditional trading patterns, the accounting process is parties to the transaction were not only to spend a lot of
manpower and resources, and easy reconciliation inconsistencies occur, affecting settlement efficiency. Meanwhile, many
traditional aspects of business liquidation, liquidation of the chain is too long, resulting in the liquidation process takes too
long, the high cost of reconciliation. In addition, the clearing house is too concentrated, there is a single point of technical
risk.
Clearing / settlement efficiency based block chain technology can achieve near real-time transaction (ie clearing
function), upgrade the existing financial system. By block chain system, the two companies or more parties can share a
credible, mutual recognition of books, records all transactions clearing and settlement can be found in all of the chain,
secure and transparent, can not be tampered with, traceability, greatly enhance the accuracy of reconciliation and
efficiency. By equipped with smart contract also allows automatic execution of clearing and settlement transactions,
namely trade in order to achieve settlement, reconciliation greatly reduce personnel costs and error rates, which greatly
improves the efficiency of the liquidation, in some trading frequency is not high, real-time business under the association
is not strong scenes, fully meet the needs of business liquidation and greatly optimize existing processes.
For example, micro-public bank reconciliations designed based block chain of inter-agency platform, using block
chain information and transaction technology to financial information on bypass chain, to build public trust and transparent
mechanism to optimize the micro-banks and public cooperation row reconciliation processes, improve the reduced labor
costs and time line of cooperation, enhance the reconciliation of timeliness and accuracy. Block-based inter-agency
chains reconciliation platform, organizations can build mutual trust and transparent block chain books, transaction-level
data just seconds to complete synchronization, can quickly generate accurate and reliable accounting data, enabling T + 0
Day quasi real-time reconciliation, improve operational efficiency, reduce operating costs, enhance transparency and reconciliation men
--53--
L target degree of trust and business comply with existing regulations. from 2016 year 8 Since the end of the line,
Shanghai Huarui Bank, Bank of Changsha, Luoyang and other banks have joined the use, stable operation of the
platform so far 1 More than a year, and always maintain zero fault, records of transactions reached 10 million of real
magnitude.
(E) share points
Points system means providing a mature membership points system for banks / businesses and the rich
membership points card service system, provide members of stored-value points system application integration and
membership card marketing solutions. Consumers will encounter different systems integrator various banks, businesses,
and other institutions in the consumption process. Because these systems integrator enclosed within each organization,
can not be universal, integral consumption caused difficulties, low utilization rate. In addition, the agencies have their own
user database, the user can know personally identifiable information through inquiry, can not protect the user's privacy.
Integral data has been tampered with risk, information security can not be guaranteed. Agencies complex scoring system,
can not develop precise exchange ratio balanced.
The block-based chain technology can be established between each company a non-tampered trust registration
mechanism provides the possibility to open up the exchange of different points, it is possible to make an inventory
integration, promote upgrading of various means of consumer services, work together to build mutual trust and co win
collaborative business district. Build all businesses involved in the chain through the block chain integration league, the
league will be the user's own integration in different businesses, the block chain universal integration into general
exchange trading platform integration, consumer billing can be carried out in any business within the Union with a
common integration . User account exists in the form of address within the system, the user can not obtain information
between different businesses. Chain block stored in the data can not be altered, the integral operation can be recorded is
stored in the local source, the user points to avoid false data. Within its own system integration business can flow up
through convertible into common points, earn points to enhance user enthusiasm.
For example, block chain technology-based, public security technology polar platform does not disclose user information
--54--
Under the prerequisite for the use of more integration scenarios, cross-chain management by the integration of
technology and on the other by the public security chain link, forming integral alliances. Public Security Technology based
on the original block chain technology businesses and suppliers together two sets of books becomes a record on the
same block chain and the two sides share the same set of books, the two sides trust the data, information flow and capital
flow synchronization can be achieved Free reconciliation between merchants and suppliers, real-time allocation of
settlement funds. Zhong An polar science and technology platform, providing users a complete set of business
management tools integration issue and integral consumption, fast and low-cost help businesses build their own
businesses integral part of the mall, so that small and micro businesses become integral with a business user simple,
convenient and low cost. Currently polar platform and China Southern Airlines have been integral beans, fire and other public agencies c
With China UnionPay IBM Block chain technology to create inter-bank bank card Tongdui platform integration,
optimization and configuration of the settlement process and the major banks, improve customer loyalty. Build interbank
system can redeem points used to lift the restrictions, but according to the traditional model of building the system has a
very high cost. With CUP IBM Blockchain Distributed books to change the traditional technology platform " Credit
Management " The way to reduce or remove the original process and rely on trusted third-party implementation of cost in
order to achieve trade that is settled. The future of the platform will allow consumers to trade with others by integrating
their own shopping and other incentives are available to enhance customer loyalty by opening up between banks as well
as incentives to increase the kind of rewards available. This concept prototype by the
IBM Super books Fabric The internet beta Version as a support, and stressed that the bank points can only be traded
between acceptable partners. The move at the same time significantly reducing transaction costs, will also enhance the
flow rate of capital banks and merchants.
(F) Insurance
In the course of the insurance business, credit is the foundation, while traditional " Social trust " Model has been
difficult to adapt to the needs of social and economic development. Insurance carriers subject of insurable interest, is the
basis of the insurance contract, but also the main target of business management. " Uniqueness " Insurance is the subject of manageme
--55--
Foundation and focus, but also the insurance underwriting and claims to assess the damage of the difficulty lies. Annual
forgery and fraud global art and collectibles insurance industry to bring 20 Multi-billion dollar losses, traditional techniques
difficult to prevent.
In the application context block chain, which is distributed and encryption features, in conjunction with associated
recognition technology to solve identity " The only dilemma " Provide solutions framework and implementation path to ensure
that data and information is true and reliable, effective traceability, provide strong technical support for the prevention of
insurance fraud. Time stamp and the distributed nature of the block chain, a combination of networking technology that can
provide new possibilities for insurance uniqueness resolved in time and space category. At the same time, you can break
the limitations of time and space, across time and space to achieve the block-based information management chain for
insurance products and services innovation, in particular, to lay the foundation scene and fragmentation of innovation, build
more refined and dynamic risk-based subject matter insurance solutions, personalized and efficient insurance services [ 16] .
Bluestone Technology Cooperation and the insurance platform, using a large data block chain + underlying
technology, the establishment of actuarial risk and risk management platform for non-standard population. Meanwhile, the
Planning Commission in collaboration with the country Wei, the top three hospitals, professional medical organizations,
access to a number, the number of medical institutions, the establishment of the largest, the scene of the League of
insurance services in the chain, get a lot of accurate medical expenses and data, and based on precise analysis of these
data, China launched the first anti-cancer risk in patients with cancer, cancer insurance, is 65 Year-old, chronic disease
treatment groups provide a variety of differentiated insurance products. In the actual business development process, the
use of science and technology blue stone block chain technology, insurance products and insurance process, circulation,
marketing process, claims process to integrate information and write block chain to realize the whole process traceability,
data between the parties to the transaction transparency, and trust shared between insurance companies, insurance
agencies, regulators, consumer, and ultimately form a complete and smooth flow of information, and achieved good social and warp
[16] References: and the king: "15,000 word text Detailed safety block chain of ten typical scene Construction and Practice", Wang and space
--56--
Economic benefits. Up 2017 year 12 Month, subscribers exceeded 80 Million and monthly premium scale than
1000 Million and is expected to 2018 The annual premium super-size 5 Million. It has established business cooperation
with various organizations plurality of regions. Liaoning is only one place, and it 40 More than hospitals, 200 A number of
educational institutions, nearly a thousand pension institutions to determine the relationship.
2017 year 8 Month, US letter on Mutual Life Insurance line community domestic insurance industry's first love
rescue account, block chain technology using accounting to achieve a mutual insurance. Members believed the United
States suffered major disasters, accidents, etc., after obtaining the existing protection and assistance (including
co-ordination of social insurance, commercial insurance, etc.) are still living in difficult, you can also apply for additional
assistance love rescue account. The introduction of block chain technology, each fund flows are transparent, each fund flow
data is not tampered with, place and purpose of each fund has a track to be investigated to ensure the transparency of love rescue acco
(Vii) Securities
As an important participant in the capital market, China's securities industry is the direct financial intermediation hub
of great significance to China's economic development. In the context of economic restructuring and industrial upgrading,
the securities industry in the service of the real economy, development of the industry is also facing new opportunities and
challenges. First, as the market development and product innovation, corruption, rent-seeking way for approval in the field
of securities are also more diverse. Many cases involving the securities market through structured products, equity behalf of
the holders, options and other more subtle means of transfer of benefits. Secondly, in traditional securities trading, orders
for all securities issued by securities broker needs, asset custodian, the Central Bank and the central registration authority
for processing these four agencies in turn, the entire process is more complex, less efficient. Finally, in the field of asset
securitization, the traditional mode, ABS Long chain business, including the transfer of the table, packed issue underlying
assets of the underlying assets for ABS Provide guarantees and other property, which is also involved in many assets,
including infrastructure assets, the secured assets, ABS Shares and other assets is facing cash flow management needs to
be improved, the underlying assets supervision and transparency needs to be improved transaction efficiency
--57--
And other issues[ 17] .
The block chain technology to create an opportunity for the development of China's securities industry mature. In
issuing the securities, on the one hand the behavior of the issuance of securities, distribution, trading and other electronic
improve efficiency issue. On the issue of securities block chain intelligence platform to store its data in the form of
information and the operation state, the various financial instruments and related contractual agreements modeling
makes complex financial instruments operational process automation, improved efficiency issue. On the other hand it will
reduce the cost of trust. Information disclosure, transparency of transaction information block chain may be exposed to a
variety of illegal money-making real-time curve. In addition to traditional information disclosed by the block chains IPO
Business process information available to market participants and regulators to facilitate the regulatory authorities, social
agencies and easily query the data, compare, verify, and further enhance the company IPO
Transparency. In terms of securities clearing and settlement, block chain technology can reduce the intermediary links,
simplifying the settlement process. Issuing orders from the owner of the securities in the United States to confirm the deal
registration agency usually takes "T + 3" day. And technically, if the automatic matching buyers and sellers directly and
automatically by intelligent contract settlement and clearing, the entire process takes only 10
Minutes, can greatly improve the efficiency of clearing and settlement, the Australian Stock Exchange ( ASX )in 2017
year 12 month 7 Announcement will determine the development of technology-based block chain clearing and settlement systems.
In the field of asset securitization, block chain based technical support ABS It has the following advantages. First, it
helps to improve ABS Cash flow management, on the one hand with automatic synchronization of accounts and audit
function, effectively alleviate the information asymmetry; second, the use of intelligent functions to achieve contract
automatically allocate funds, asset purchase cycle and automatic features such as income distribution, reduce labor costs
and error rates, so as to enhance the efficiency of cash flow management; three block chain technique may boost ABS Penetrate
the underlying assets. Block chain technology to ABS Field, you can enhance ABS The authenticity of the underlying
assets, in order to penetrate the underlying assets. This can more effectively use the appropriate supervision of financial institutions
[17] References: Ba: "block chain technology how to penetrate the different financial scenarios: Status and Trends", Sohu
--58--
Financial leverage, reasonable use ABS means.
Fun chain technology and Debon Securities, Fosun Hani Securities cooperation, and jointly explore
technology-based block chain ABS Distribution platform, designed to enhance the assets of the joint parties institution
credibility, improve asset efficiency and regulatory statistics after clearing the loan. The use of block chain technology can
be traced back, to the center, security and trust features, the package of assets in circulation and co-regulation between
different agencies platforms, visualization sources of assets, thereby enhancing the credibility of assets to achieve asset
transactions, also shall record traceability data to achieve a unified trading platform for agencies to improve the efficiency of the liquidati
2017 year 2 Month, the cloud like the Industrial Bank launched the booster block chain block chain security
platform. Block chain security platform is the use of block chain Industrial Bank distributed high-availability, openness and
transparency, not to cheat, not tampered with, information security and other technical characteristics, the development of a
high level of versatility as evidence, security platform, with a wide range of applications, access is simple, security tamper
resistance and other advantages. Block chain security platform has been provided as evidence a common data security,
data validation, history records check, inspection data, files, inspection and other functional modules, and platform security-related servi
--59--
Fourth, explore and try to block chain applications in the real economy
At present, the block chain technology has been used in many fields achieve landing real economy. Block chain
with distributed, can not be tampered with, and other characteristics can be traced back, in the transformation of the real
economy has begun an extensive exploration and achieved initial results, the block chain landing in the real economy and
industrial scene mode logic is increasingly clear. The next report from the fifteen areas of product traceability, copyright,
and other digital identity introduce block chain scenarios and landing situation in the real economy.
(A) Product Traceability
Traceability refers to the production of agricultural products, industrial products and other goods, processing,
transportation, distribution, retail and other sectors of the track record on the parties by the downstream industry chain to
achieve broad participation. On a global scale, the most widely used field service applications is traceable food and
medicine traceability, which is important in ensuring food safety, disease protection. For example, when a local outbreak
of epidemic diseases, quickly locked the source of infection or contamination through the food traceability system,
promptly eliminate or control the spread of the disease source.
At present, the Chinese industry is still in the early stages of traceability of development, driven mainly by the
national policy. 2015 Years, "the State Council on accelerating the construction of important product traceability system of
opinions" to encourage the consumption of agricultural products, food, medicine, agricultural production, special
equipment, dangerous goods, rare earth products and other areas of development dates back seven service industry,
supporting social forces traceability system construction and capital investment, foster new areas of innovation and entrepreneurship.
Although the food, pharmaceutical industry traceability has been the strong support of national policy, but
because of the level of China's economy is still in development, lack of consumer awareness of food safety, tracing the
development of Chinese industry is still not perfect, still in the drive by the national policy, enterprise passive early stages
of development execution. As a SaaS (Software as a Service), one of the industry segments, traceability services market
with small market scale, short-term slow growth, the pattern of highly fragmented and so on. It is deep chain evaluation system
--60--
meter, 2016 In the market scale of China's food and drug industry about traceability 10 Billion yuan.
Since traceability industry is still in the early stages of development, the industry's lack of trust and abuse is
widespread. Information under island mode, participants upstream and downstream traceability chain to maintain a
respective books, and owners may freely out of the books were altered or fabricated afterwards concentrated
stakeholders, fraud cost is very low.
Block chain can not be altered, distributed storage technology to provide a solution for the lack of trust traceability
industry, providing transparent mechanism for information flow, logistics and cash flow of goods from the algorithmic
level. By way of billing the supply chain to the chain multi downstream, to ensure the presence of falsification even when
it is difficult to find all of the books unilateral chain nodes to collaborate to fit their data fraud, such fraud costs have risen
sharply. In addition, in actual business scenarios in the block chain traceability technology endorsement for the brand, for
enterprises to bring additional revenue, and enhance their competitiveness.
In recent years, domestic and international enterprises to actively explore the application of the block chain, block
chain technology is gradually penetrate to the traditional supply chain traceability in business security, logistics, supply
chain management scene.
Chinese food chain alliance is produced by food, food processing, logistics and distribution, public welfare and
voluntarily block chain research and development enterprises and related organizations to " Block chain as the core
technology for development-oriented food service " Union organization. China-based food chain block chain technology,
products from the whole process of cultivation, production, processing, packaging, transportation and marketing traceability,
and enterprises and users real-name authentication, if it is found fraud or counterfeit goods, law enforcement agencies can
be positioned directly, forensics, accountable. For example, the development of China's food chain " Chain Orange " System
utilizes an open and transparent block chain, non-tampering features Gan orange provide traceability services provided
from farm to fork traceability system for the inquiry, to ensure that consumers buy authentic navel orange Jiangxi.
Jingdong company is committed to the block chain counterfeiting, intellectual property protection, accelerate the block chain
--61--
Implement the project, set up " Jingdong quality traceability security alliance " , And the Ministry of Industry, Ministry of
Agriculture, the State Administration of Quality Supervision and other departments, the use of technology to build the
block chain " Jingdong block chain traceability platform security " . Platform will gradually through alliances chain, to achieve
product traceability and security of online and offline retail, brand and protect the interests of consumers.
After the Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. Su An chain-based chain root cause for the high-end liquor made based on
security intelligence lock bottle cap block chain technology, consumers scan two-dimensional code on the bottle, get a
password to open the interactive wine from the background bottle, bottle of wine is opened while the background to this
record, to solve the pain points bottle recycling fraud. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional code scanning,
password-based chain on the block is very difficult to obtain and more difficult to fake.
In addition, Tsinghua University, Wal-Mart, IBM Carried out jointly based on innovative technology of the food chain
block traceable cooperation projects to achieve a full supply chain traceability food system, the digital product information
(such as country of origin information, processing plant records, inspection reports, validity period, during transport, etc.)
are associated with appropriate food digitized association. The accuracy and reliability of information greatly improved the
food supply chain to achieve all the participants share transactions, greatly contributed to the food supply chain participants
are interconnected with each other, mutual trust and collaboration. Pork supply chain traceability, for example, by the block
chain technology: first, to increase the transparency of the supply chain. Food safety related electronic files can be shared,
pork products dating back to the pilot farms, production date, batch and other information at a glance; second, to verify the
reliability of food safety digital storage platform. Authorized users can update data, the updated data will 5 All users within
minutes of display block chain; third, to achieve a fast and efficient food recall. Positioning a batch of products just to spend
less 10 Second, the relevant documents could be released within half a minute of a single commodity; fourth, to achieve a
full chain traceability. When using product information data search, only takes a few seconds to show the product
information from the farm to the current circulation.
In terms of cross-border traceability, China block chain technology has gradually landing. For example, Ali
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Rookie logistics and international distribution block chain traceability field Lynx, Alibaba Group, the use of block chain
technology to track, upload, check the logistics of cross-border imports of whole chain information, covering factory
production, overseas warehouses, international transport, customs clearance, News inspection, testing and other third-party
imports of goods, the whole process, the user can review the whole process of logistics and regulatory and other product
information by Ali client. Multi-winding mechanism that allows consumers to cross confirmed the information. Alibaba plans
to block chain traceability technology to global coverage 63 Countries and regions, 3700 A category, 14500 Overseas brands.
In addition to ensure food and drug safety, the use of technology for product traceability chain block can optimize
logistics links, improve logistics efficiency. Entity refers to the process stream flowing from the supply to the receiver
ground. According to actual needs, the basic function of the transport, storage, handling, transport, packaging,
processing, distribution, information processing and other organically bound. Evaluation of logistics performance metrics
include: to ensure the quality of goods transport, to enhance efficiency in the logistics and transport, time-consuming and
cost savings in mileage.
China's logistics industry has a huge market scale, the pattern of highly fragmented, poor logistics efficiency.
China's logistics industry is ten trillion level market, is in a stable upswing. Public information, 2017 The total cost to
society in the logistics industry 11 Trillion yuan, 2010-2016 Year compound annual growth rate of 7.7% . However, China's
logistics industry as a whole transport inefficiency, high cost. And logistics costs GDP The ratio is an important indicator of
a country's logistics efficiency. Data Display, 2017 And logistics costs in China GDP Ratio 14.9% , Twice Europe and other
developed countries.
Management is not standardized and transparent information is the main reason for the low efficiency of the
logistics industry. Transportation logistics industry lack of uniform standards, small and medium logistics enterprises lack
effective supply chain management tools, which leads to shippers and truck supply and demand is not a good match, empty
transportation, transit times, ineffective transportation situation is very common, causing great waste of resources. The use
of traditional supply chain management GPS The tracking system, but there is no accurate information on fraud and latitude and other is
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Using the block chain supply chain management can be solved " Information island " . By enhancing the level of
information to strengthen communication and downstream supply chain, optimizing the efficiency of the logistics industry,
while the brand side can also be viewed in real time shipping status, trust and reduce management costs. Multilateral
collaboration to the center of the block chain and supply chain is very fit, logistics information is distributed in the books,
the stored information disclosure transparent traceability, reduce inefficiencies and slow human error, but also for
enterprises optimize logistics offers credible data support.
For individual customers, collected by the logistics management not in place, the wrong income, lost items, etc. is
widespread and still no good solution. Asymmetric encryption block chain can guarantee the identity and authenticity of the
sender to the recipient, and only after the recipient provides private, items can only be confirmed receipt, signed on behalf
of others to avoid, not to the recipient the hands, property damage, loss of possibility can not be accountable, to achieve
accurate logistics management. In addition, the logistics company can avoid data tampering, destruction of evidence, to
determine responsibility for the accident fairly and effectively provide an important foundation.
(B) copyright protection and trade
Copyright is the legal ownership of the rights to copy computer programs, literature, music, film and television
works and the like. Copyright is an important part of intellectual property, including works in many fields of natural
science, social science and literature, music, theater, painting, sculpture, photography, pictures and film photography.
Accompanied by industrial upgrading, Chinese content industry usher in the golden period of development. according to" 2016-2
Chinese digital publishing industry annual report "Statistics, 2016 In China's digital publishing industry market size 5720.85
Billion, 2015 Annual growth 29.9% .
Ministry of Industry and Information Center released " 2018 In pan-entertainment industry white paper "that the
pan-entertainment flourishing new industry, all the people into the era of creativity. New platform for industry formats
continue to emerge, a short video, online games and other pan-entertainment industry segments " Play " Multi-industry
convergence burst OMO The new format.
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However, the rapid prosperity content industry also accompanied infringement. Although the state has introduced
policies and intellectual property rights protection laws and regulations, but the piracy phenomenon is still repeated.
Pirated works has brought huge economic losses for the equity side. According to iResearch statistics, online literature
piracy caused by the economic losses of up to a year 80 Billion yuan.
Block chain with digital copyright protection can be the perfect combination to address the status of rampant
piracy. In the first part of the right to do, the patent application process time-consuming conventional mechanisms,
inefficient. Distributed books and time stamp technology block chain of the whole network of the right to intellectual
property belongs to reach a consensus quickly as possible, in theory, can be achieved in a timely manner is indeed the
right. Asymmetric encryption technology to ensure the uniqueness of the copyright, the time stamp technology to ensure
that the party copyright ownership, copyright owners can quickly and easily complete this process is indeed the right to address the ineff
Value reflected in the flow of copyrighted content with the right link (ie, copyright trading session). Copyright
trading refers to the copyright in all or part of the economic rights, by way of copyright license or assignment of copyright
in order to obtain the corresponding economic transaction revenue. Copyright trading links not only to protect the values
and interests of copyright creators of copyright works, but also the value of copyright by virtue of the development and
promotion of professional institutions, derivative and applications to realize the value of circulation.
In addition, copyright trading sectors facing difficult to match demand, high intermediate costs. Film and television
music industry, for example, " The middle channel "- Issuers account for a large voice in the industry. For example, a piece
of music if you want to put on the market must be recorded by a record deal and depend on record companies,
distribution, and is the publisher got all the works sold most of the profits. Internet digital media emerged new " Middleman "-
Content platform. Such as music platform Spotify
And streaming video content providers Netflix And other entertainment content platform has a large number of users, a
new copyright distributors responsible for collecting user fees and subscription fees and advertising creative people to
share. There is the center of the platform allows artists and creators sharing ratio obtained is still low, change the nature
of the existing structure did not occur.
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Appears block chain technology industry was turn for the better. Copyright party can block chain by providing a
common platform for storing transaction records of copyrighted content encryption, transaction process execution through
intelligent copyright contracts, this process is triggered automatically when conditions without the intervention of
middlemen, can solve the access copyrighted content , distribution and profitability aspects of the problem, copyright
trading process transparency while also helping creators to maximize revenue.
For example, Anne shares the development of the copyright system uses the block chain alliance chain form, you
can efficiently handle a variety of digital works category (text, images, video, etc.) of the copyright business, with more
efficient business data throughput, can achieve real-time business level processing, timely creation of the massive
Internet, the right to do low-cost, rapid flow of transactions possible. Anne block chain by copyright and CA Digital
certification service, trusted time National Time Service Center services, forensic centers and other institutions have
access to credible, improved copyright ownership and legal validity of the authorization. Several lines of evidence such as
copyright disputes, the relevant institutions or individuals can extract more public trust in the institution of any block chain
node proof, the burden of proof to optimize rights aspects. Anne shares first introduced as evidence-based copyright
block chain services, providing solutions for massive amounts of digital content rights as evidence. In the digital works
function as evidence, Anne copyright block chain by first computing on digital digest of the content and digital fingerprint
extraction chain, to ensure the integrity and original content; secondly the use of digital certificates nationally recognized
certification authority provide a digital signature, in conjunction with national time Service Center time to realize the
existence of credible proof digital work, proof of ownership, proof of authorization and evidence of infringement fixed.
Block chain participants in the system a fully digital real-name authentication mechanism, combined with trusted time
service to ensure the ownership of the works and there is time. Anne copyright block chain has done a complete record of
the user's entire creative process, can be used as legal evidence submitted when needed, to enhance the probative force
of law to prove originality.
As another example, the National Digital Audiovisual Communication Services Platform (copyright cloud) based
keyless signature technology copyright block chain service platform, using the keyless signature block chain in copyright registration sta
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Technology for copyright in existence proof. Based keyless signature block chain technology cloud cultural copyright data
service platform, able to provide efficient digital work, simple, easy operation and low cost of copyright registration
services. As long as the original copyright application process 30 Working days, the cost is relatively high, with written
works, for example, every hundred words or less three hundred dollars, and a fine art toll is as high as 800. Digital
copyright registration and copyright cloud platform provides dual certification services, namely the applicant works by
uploading platform 5 You can get digital rights certificate as evidence after the second, they can also according to the
requirements to apply for voluntary registration certificate works Copyright Bureau of Guizhou Province. Platform while
providing copyright rights monitoring service, the whole network through real-time monitoring, tracking the spread of
copyrighted content record data with a large data analysis locking provides evidence to support the infringement rights.
Copyright trading links, and copyright trading process: after online registration works by rights holders direct price
tag (standard or extended authorization authorized price), the platform exhibition, trade, supply and demand to build a
bridge to facilitate faster realization of copyright. According to statistics, as of 2018 year 4 In May, a total of under
copyright cloud line has been completed 400 Ad register achieve online registration 1 Ten thousand 3 Thousand pieces,
copyright registration number to rapid growth.
In the rights aspect, is now faced with the high cost of rights, infringers difficult to trace other issues. With
asymmetric encryption techniques and time stamp block chain of copyright ownership and transactions are clearly
traceable links, copyright side able to find the first time, or indeed the right subject to infringement, the burden of proof for
the rights stage. The future, if the digital product can be recorded on a chain, to establish a complete digital rights
portfolio, will be able to reduce the cost of clearing rights and pirated products.
For example, Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. Chongqing small rhinoceros rhinoceros copyright has developed a
small chain, now provide external commercial business, landing in the copyright-end service scenario, do the right support
copyright, rights and the right to use the three links. The company set up a small organization rhinoceros Copyright
Alliance, docking Copyright Center, notary offices and copyright associations to build copyright chain platform, based on the
block chain technology, to individuals and businesses provide copyright-end services, and encourage enterprises to improve business e
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Small rhinoceros chain massive copyright infringement for the retrieval of evidence, and other aspects of screening
machines, artificial intelligence technology and intelligent reptiles alignment, combined with the evidence of infringement
as evidence block chain, significantly reducing the efficiency of evidence of infringement, acquisition and confirmation as evidence of inf
(C) electronic evidence as evidence
Electronic evidence refers to evidence that the information stored in digital form. Such as electronic contracts,
electronic invoicing, electronic article, e-mail and so on. Block chain itself has not be altered because, characterized
traceable, very suitable in combination with an electronic memory card, as evidence has thus become the typical scenario
block chain applied.
Block chain technology in the field of electronic evidence, there are two main application advantages: safety deposit
certificates and evidence to improve efficiency. Traditional electronic evidence is stored in its own server or cloud servers,
backup files easily damaged, transport and other processes, resulting in incomplete or destruction of evidence. In addition
to affix an electronic signature electronic contract has not tamper resistance, other forms of data and evidence tampering
attacks and are at risk in the process of being transmitted to the cloud server, reducing the credibility of electronic evidence.
The use of electronic evidence storage block chain technology can effectively solve the security problems faced
by traditional as evidence. Is given a time stamp generated when the electronic evidence, digital evidence by a fixed ratio
when storing hash value to verify data integrity, security of electronic evidence is encrypted using asymmetric encryption
technology transmission security during transmission, adequate protection of the real evidence and security.
In the forensic aspects, because the block chain as evidence for the distributed storage mode, allowing multiple
nodes judiciary, arbitration institutions, auditors and other sharing electronic evidence in league chain, in theory, can be
achieved in seconds of data transmission, reducing the time forensics costs, optimize the arbitration process, improve the
efficiency of multi-party cooperation.
For example, the truth of science and technology-based independent block chain technology legalXchain The
development of an open platform --IP360 Data Protection platform can provide the right to do all kinds of forms of electronic data,
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Cloud monitoring, tracking block chain traceability, cloud forensics, judicial channels, rights and other services. According to
statistics, by IP360 Technology found on the Internet more than 2000 Illegal clues million times, and more than a million
times the illegal scene evidence secured as evidence the amount of break 10 million level.
Again, Micro Focus Bank jointly Guangzhou Arbitration Commission, Hangzhou also pen technology jointly
developed a tripartite arbitration chain tile-based chain. 2018 year 2 Month, Guangzhou Arbitration Commission arbitration
based chain issued the industry's first award, which marks the block chain applications really landing and complete
verification value in the field of justice. With a data block chain technology, real-time arbitration chain will form a chain of
evidence preservation by intelligent contract, meet the requirements of evidence authenticity, legitimacy, relevance,
evidence and to achieve standardization of the trial, so the traditional months of the arbitration process be shortened to 7 Days
or so, the cost of justice is also reduced to the traditional model 10% .
(D) Financial Management
Tamper-proof block chain, encryption and other features make it a better scenario in the field of financial
management, we will use the next block chain management and audit accounts in two fields are introduced.
1. Vouchers and account management
Reconciliation means reconciliation of accounts in order to ensure the accuracy of books and records carried out,
including the account card checking, checking account statement, check the accounts and so on. Traditional
reconciliation of work has the following characteristics: a large number of accounts, categories cumbersome reconciliation
process need to spend a few days manpower, companies need to invest a lot of money to store data and system
maintenance books. Especially for inter-agency reconciliation, the account information changes over time, and is usually
carried out acts of reconciliation such as day-end or the end of a fixed time, which brings liquidity management more
difficult for inter-agency cooperation. On the other hand, reconciliation both sides need to develop their own reconciliation system, the la
Block chain technology and distributed books to be connected between the partner institutions, due to the fact it
is confirmed, the data can not be altered and highly consistent with other characteristics, greatly improved in the background
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Operational efficiency and improve the process automation, and reduced operating costs.
2. audit
Economic independence of the audit conducted by an ad hoc bodies (national audit institutions, accounting firms
and their personnel, etc.) in accordance with the laws of the country all levels of government and financial institutions,
businesses / institutions and financial revenue and expenditure of major projects beforehand, after review monitoring
activities. Audit by evaluating the authenticity, legitimacy and effectiveness of fiscal and financial revenue and
expenditure, management and development of the enterprise can play a supervisory role and improve. Block chain
technology of distributed storage, consensus mechanisms and other technologies make it possible to optimize the traditional audit indus
First, the block chain can improve the level of supervision of financial information. False trading and accounting
fraud is one of the audit focused on the investigation of the problem, use the block chain transaction records and account
information, data entry on the chain can not be tampered with, and the need to modify the database of the entire system in
order to achieve a majority node to confirm that the financial data greatly enhance the difficulty of fraud and forgery.
Secondly, block chain technology can improve audit efficiency. On the one hand, access to information more
convenient and easier to audit demand by block chain network, if companies can open the block chain API Data interface,
the audit request to achieve even minute-second response level, can save a lot of time to collect and collate information
to improve audit efficiency, at the same time, the encryption algorithm block chain based company also lifted concerns
about data privacy. On the other hand, the consensus mechanism block chain technology so that all the data together to
get confirmed for the first time, guarantee the timeliness and accuracy of data. Block chain audit platform can greatly
enhance the authenticity and integrity of data, eliminating the need for a large number of inquiries and confirmations
program to improve audit efficiency, saving labor costs.
Again, the block chain can significantly reduce the risk of audit data being attacked. The traditional audit data is at
the center of the cloud server, storage vulnerable to hacker attacks, resulting in the loss of files or data tampering. Block
chain through the data distributed storage technique, a plurality of nodes prepared
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Copies data, even if a single node hacked, it will not affect the consensus of the whole network status data. And,
distributed storage will also reduce hardware maintenance costs and database software upgrade costs.
(E) Precision Marketing
Data marketing is a new marketing model of Internet advertising and big data era, including in the form of search
engine advertising, social advertising platform, video advertising platform and other Web sites or applications platform
advertising. Its upstream and downstream industry chain, including advertisers, third-party advertising platform, the
Internet and other media.
At present, the Chinese advertising market in the second in the world, is in a stable growth period. SAIC data, 2016
China's advertising market size 6489 Billion, an increase of 8.6% Higher than GDP Growth 1.9 Percentage points.
Among them, the proportion of sales data marketing on the rise. 2016 Digital marketing in China market reached 2903 Billion,
an increase
32.9% . This is mainly driven by the rapid development of mobile Internet in China.
Digital marketing industry perennial flow and false advertising fraud and other phenomena, resulting in the lack of
trust between advertisers and advertising agencies. Advertising monitoring agency AdMaster He pointed out, 2017
The first half of invalid traffic accounted for 29.6% , Including false advertising and fraud traffic. Traditional surveillance
invalid traffic in two ways: first, rely on third-party monitoring reports to identify put in effect. Second, through in-depth
analysis of advertising data each index, excluding watered data, however, investigation and analysis of data requires
large amounts of manpower and resources.
Block chain can make the ad click data has become more transparent, no longer dependent on third-party
monitoring. Block chain allows advertisers to clearly track ad clicks, viewing and conversion rate information, and accurately
determine ad touch of the user is not the target group. This solves the problem of trust data marketing industry, the cost per
advertising budget a sum of openness and transparency, significant savings in marketing costs, solve the problem of false
advertising traffic.
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For example, Leo digital data developed in cooperation with millet marketing chain. For programmatic ad buying
process lacks transparency in this issue, the data flow through the establishment of the marketing chain buyers, sellers,
intermediaries and auditors of league chain, so as to existing single data center distributed logging system ( HDFS )
Transformation of the data center across the block billing system, the existing Internet advertising monitoring, bid,
impressions, clicks, the subsequent behavior of log records and distributed each node authorize the Authority to address
the issue of trust traditional digital marketing industry .
Another sore point is the traditional advertising industry user data collection. Advertisers typically require
consumers to gather information from various sources (such as age, geography, income, etc.) to precisely target
customers. Traditional data collection requires a lot of money and resources, the type of data available is limited and is
likely to exist error and bias. On the other hand, data acquisition channels and ways of possible violation of user privacy.
Block chain can solve this dilemma. By building block chain data trading platform, advertisers can collect directly from the
user the information they are willing to share the data dimension richer, true and reliable source of information, more
three-dimensional portrait of the user, to help advertisers increase advertising conversion rates. For users, the
data-sharing behavior can be rewarded, and their right to privacy can be protected.
In addition, in the long run, block chains or the distribution of benefits will completely change the mode of the
digital marketing industry. Traditional digital marketing industry, the center of the advertising platform to obtain huge
advertising revenues and user traffic data. For example, global social networking platform Facebook2017 Fourth quarter
revenue from the advertising business is 127.79 Billion US dollars, accounting for all revenues 98.5% . However, for the
user, the user's attention to consumer advertising, or bring traffic and value to advertisers, or require users to pay the cost
of time (long waiting time advertising), or require users to pay the cost of money (pay to remove ads, etc. ).
The block chain Token Incentives to subvert the existing marketing industry is expected to encourage users to
click on ads and get revenue initiative to promote the distribution of benefits marketing industry a reasonable return. Existing situation
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, The lack of incentives allows users to hold ad contradiction. And if we can click on the ad the user's behavior Token Reward,
no longer forced to watch advertising on the one hand, to reduce the user's contradiction, improve the user experience;
on the other hand the attention of the consumer also benefits the user by the platform return, relations of production
change the digital marketing industry.
(Vi) large data transactions
Big data refers to a large number of high-speed, variable data information, the data must use unconventional
computer and software for analysis and statistics. Big Data and data sheets contain video, sound, pictures and
documents in the traditional sense.
In recent years, with big data industry, the value of big data transactions become more prominent. Rich of big
data for in-depth scenario brings endless possibilities, it is the core enterprise of barriers to competition. Big data
transaction contains data resource-related aspects of the right to do, open, circulation and trading. Flow of transaction
data helps businesses precision marketing can be used to customize production and efficient matching both ends of the
supply chain.
Large data in form of data can be divided into static and dynamic data. Static data is remained stable data,
such as company name and registration information, birth date, personnel, and other system parameters. In
contrast, dynamic data over time is often changing data, such as sales data, page views, and so on.
Traditional static data transactions involving privacy issues. Static data such as personal information, often
related to the user's privacy, data transactions are currently a lot of gray area in the law, buyers and sellers are subject to
significant regulatory risk. In addition, if the data is flowing into the black market resale layers, it can cause more serious
issues of privacy and misuse of information.
If you can use the isolation block chain verification technology, will legally be sold to isolate the data verification
process, both to protect the legitimate purpose of the data on the demand side, but also to maximize the protection of
user privacy. For example, information on the user name, ID number, etc. using the hash algorithm
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Encryption to protect data integrity by isolating verification.
On the other hand, the risk of data theft sell willingness to let the data owners to share data greatly reduced. The
data can be copied as data infringement convenience. Big Data in a number of resale, the process of stealing and selling
value plummeted, harm the interests of the owner of the data, but also restricted the big data market size and growth rate.
Art not guarantee the sale of secondary data is not copied and spread, but the use of blocks of data traceability
chain can confirm data ownership and circulation channels, providing proof material infringement complaint stage, big
data provide more credible trading environment.
(Vii) Industry
With the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution, information technology and manufacturing technology
integration as the core of intelligent manufacturing, digital fabrication, manufacturing networks and other new
manufacturing model, have a profound impact on the future direction of the industry. traditional " Serial manufacturing " Model,
is through digital factory technology into " Parallel manufacturing " Mode, and the application of industrial block chain
technology, be able to multi-party co-production, industrial Internet data security, many aspects of digital and other
industrial assets to promote transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector, a future-oriented production
distributed intelligent network is becoming a reality. Block chain technology is expected to become one of the fourth
industrial revolution of the underlying technology, and the organic integration of industrial chain blocks and industrial
cloud, will greatly enhance the operating efficiency of the real economy, promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing
Internet mainly in traditional industrial " Cloud Industry " As a carrier, but this industrial giant cloud solution is
undoubtedly very expensive, its infrastructure and high maintenance costs, require centralized cloud services, large-scale
server clusters and network equipment to support. When the depth of the Internet to promote the industry, the production
unit of networking equipment increased to billions of people and the level of speed, traffic and consumption costs
between them to be processed is extremely alarming, but there is a point of failure might lead to collapse of the entire
network. Meanwhile, among various different production units are present
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Of ownership, cloud services architecture diversify their support of the communication between them is very difficult. All
units have not a cloud service provider can serve social production, different cloud service providers will not guarantee
interoperability and compatibility between them.
Block chain technology will use distributed intelligence to production network transformed into a hybrid cloud chain
of production networks, it is expected to be higher than most industrial efficiency using cloud technology center of faster
response, lower power consumption. The inter-organizational trust production data all done by block chain, order
information, operation information and historical affairs, and all records in the chain, distributed storage, can not be
tampered with, traceability and management of all products will be more safe and convenient.
Distributed intelligent production network transaction flow throughout the supply chain are all performed by the
intelligent automatic contract, we can solve the account of industrial production uncontrollable and other issues, a
substantial increase in economic efficiency. At the same time, by combining the block chain technology and digital factory
technology, virtual worlds can be generated for each of the physical world of industrial assets " Digital twins " , And indeed
the right to transfer and complete the digitization of industrial assets, asset-heavy help manufacturers achieve asset-light
expansion.
Given the low level of the conventional digital business, technology development capability uneven, it is difficult to
self-only access based on the underlying production network interfaces. So in the design of distributed intelligence
production network, depending on the mode of production established framework offers a variety of intelligent industrial
paradigm contracts in the chain.
Intelligent contract covers all industrial paradigm of intelligent framework contract manufacturing sales a full part
in this kind of production. Paradigm provides a variety of intelligent contracts on the value chain to meet the needs of the
vast majority of the production mode of circulation, production processes maker just condemnation, significantly reduce
the difficulty of users to access and use the production network. We have now completed the development contract for
the sale, the inquiry contracts and bid on contracts three kinds of contract paradigm.
Chain cloud mixing technology, new retail and manufacturing a new combination of electrical terminal and internet providers
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Digital Factory end with Centralized industrial cloud technology, while the middle order information transmission and supply
chain is done by clearing and settlement industry chain blocks and intelligence contracts, both to ensure the efficiency and
costs, but also take into account the fairness and security. Provided by digital each commodity chemical, has each sample " Digital
twins " And twins all of these numbers on the smart contract and downstream industry chain is connected to the end user to
confirm an order, would trigger the rapid response of the entire industry chain, the whole process can achieve data flow
automation, upgrades to boost the manufacturing sector restructuring.
This new distributed manufacturing model to create user-centric, people who have the ability to manufacture them
to participate in the product lifecycle, completely changed the traditional manufacturing mode. Distributed intelligent
production network product design, manufacturing from the original manufacturers led to gradually shift to the consumer-led
consumers to earlier and more accurate to participate in product design and manufacturing process, and by the huge
distribution network products continue to improve, so that their product is easier to adapt to market demand, and access to
guarantee profits, business innovation and R & D strength could be obtained greatly enhance the innovation boundary be
extended [ 18] .
For example, the industrial chain block Laboratory in cooperation with the far-Ka, Illy technological transformation
workshops and other enterprises, the technology used in the manufacturing chain block among the digital transformation
of enterprises upgrade, through the original " Cloud + chain " The hybrid structure of the way, and a wealth of intelligent
contract paradigm, the new retail and open up new manufacturing in the new " Distributed intelligent production network " ,
Designers, producers, consumers, sellers, service providers and other roles can access as equals, from end to end
manufacturing information flow can be opened up, while multi-party cooperation and mutual trust to ensure that data
through the block chain technology .
There are already 30 Digital Factory service enterprises in more than the original system and gradually divided
[18] Reference: Kan Lei: "Industrial block chain - production distributed intelligence network," Wall Street knowledge, 2018 1
January 26
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Distributed intelligent production network to do docking, while over 1000 Designers and gradual access system based on
industrial design, 2000 The next line help traffic terminal manufacturers to sell diversion, with industry and other resources
away Ka Digital Factory service providers can quickly touch up more than
500 The plant's renovation project, with the power of new technology to help manufacturers complete the transformation and upgrading.
Map 7 Distributed intelligent production network
(Viii) Energy
With the energy revolution and the environmental movement, the energy industry is to clean, distributed in
transition, presenting multi-stream can complement a new energy mix. Bottom-up, distributed energy system will be a
strong complement to conventional energy systems. In this process, the block chain is expected to become an important
energy infrastructure of the Internet means of achieving.
Block chain technology can be combined with the energy industry distributed transaction systems and clean
energy widely popular two major trends. For energy production processes, improve energy efficiency, reduce
management costs and increase monitoring accuracy; for the energy market, to provide secure transactions guarantee
for the wholesale energy market and reduce communication costs and provide real-time payment clearing and settlement
systems for the retail energy market, promote clean energy access; increase investment and financial aspects of investment and financi
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Sources of financing, reduce financing risks; increase the participation of energy saving for the energy industry, provide
liquidity to stabilize climate change purposes.
" Energy block chain + " The project has a wide range of application scenarios can be divided into the following
categories specific applications: energy production, energy trading, investment and financing energy assets and energy savings.
1. Energy production
" Block chain of energy production + " Metering means to realize the respective unit detects, operation and
maintenance of production management in production techniques by block chain. Traditional energy production processes
and more autonomous by the company, the formation of a large number of unauthorized data silos, the value of information
is difficult to be excavated. It can significantly reduce the government, enterprises and individuals to enter the threshold in
energy production processes through the block chain technology, to achieve a more flexible business model on this basis.
As an application scenario in strong lines, production and distribution of energy needed by the block chain binding
technology and hardware equipment, open gap of the digital world and the physical world. Data acquisition devices rely
on things, to ensure that data transfer is true, combined with significantly improved reliability and security of the data
block chain, lay the foundation for further applications.
2. Energy Trading
" Energy trading block chain + " It refers to the block chain technology as a means to improve transaction efficiency
and security. Advanced payment, when shorter length transaction, zero default rates and other health instructive for cash
flow and market energy industry. Energy trading is divided into two categories: one is the wholesale energy trading, such
transactions have large funds, trading long cycle, dependent on manpower, greater risk characteristics; the other is retail
energy trading, clearing such transactions with real-time payment settlement difficult, clean energy output of high volatility,
demand response and so difficult to achieve. For wholesale energy trading market, the block chain and intelligence
contracts, to ensure the safety of funds, reduce the default rate. For example, by sharing the books to make deployment
among traders adjusted record transaction information directly on the block chain, so that the other party verification. This
model allows traders do not need to store their data, but sharing
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Medium security, ensure that the information stored transparent, accurate and verified. This system can improve
transaction efficiency, reduce manual errors.
For the retail energy market, distributed transaction systems and promote clean energy are the two
characteristics, which is particularly widespread application of distributed energy trade, the use of block chain technology,
the power industry to build micro-grid, distributed transaction systems and electric vehicle charging discharge trading
platform and other variety of applications, the system allows consumers to become " Prosumer " That clean energy
consumers and energy producers.
Shanghai chain Yuke skills Source Co., Ltd. is committed to clean energy measurement, registration,
management, trading and settlement in the micro-grid block chain technology, decentralized system. Currently, the chain
Yu Technology has successfully landed a pilot project in the Philippines, and focus on the development of the Southeast
Asian market, to create a more flexible, more equitable power ecosystems in different power trading environment to meet
the electricity demand in different micro-grid.
3. Investment and financing energy assets
" Block chain + energy assets investment and financing " It refers to a new type of investment and financing for the
energy sector assets. Energy industry investment and financing have stable return on investment, but huge initial
investment, the asset information opaque characteristics. Based on more transparent and traceable block chain
technology, increase asset details, and improve investment links transparency, so that quality assets traditional energy
companies to obtain financing at a lower cost, reducing investor risk and regulatory costs of government.
E.g, 2016 In China Energy Laboratory Block Chaining (can chain technology) launched Green ABS
(Securitization) cloud platform, based on the basic situation of the league chain registered power plant generators, power
generation number, etc. Watts, the power assets production process is clearly visible, the return of earnings predictability,
while providing production monitoring guarantee letter batch of transparent and timely for the power station solve the
financing difficulties, to create a transmissive management for regulators, reduce the investment risk for investors.
Further, in the dual capacity limit environmental reserve resources, renewable energy and energy
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Two emission reduction as an important tool for environmental protection. Technology can chain Climate Exchange and
Shenzhen to work together to build a "carbon chain" in 16 year 12 End floor applications. The project to establish a carbon
emission reduction of green assets tile-based chain (such as CCER ) Digital asset trading platform, to increase the
participation of enterprises, encourage enterprises to join the energy saving, environmental protection consolidate the results.
(Ix) Medical
In conjunction with the medical block chain, in line with trends in other complex technology needs support scenarios
other than pure digital information technology landing, processing of electronic medical data is one of the areas of current
research focus block chain. However, medical data sharing pain points mainly security and privacy protection multi-agency
sharing of sensitive information to patient data. As a multi-block chain maintenance, full backup, distributed billing
information security technology, innovative ideas for sharing medical data brings will be a good breakthrough. No central
server block chain such that the characteristics of the system where single point of failure does not occur, maintaining good
stability. Figure 8 As shown, block chain in the medical field of application scenarios can have the following four aspects,
can achieve multi-party data sharing on the block chain platform to meet obtaining patient history data, shared data for
modeling and image retrieval, assist with medical treatment and health counseling.
Map 8 Medical data block chain sharing platform
1. Privacy protection levels: medical data transmission is encrypted and securely stored in
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Block, difficult to tamper with. All user information is anonymous real, difficult to trace the source of the data. There
are stored in the data format and content can be changed according to the type of data sharing needs. For example,
the type of image data, the image features may be stored as encrypted data.
2. Access control plane: point to point transmission to the center of the need to address the issue of trust
mechanism. Medicare process complex, difficult settlement, access barriers exist between the various medical
institutions, information does not flow problems can be solved by block chain platform.
Patient medical history records between different medical institutions can be uploaded to the shared platform,
different data providers can be an authorized user on the platform of data for public access on the channel that allows, for
example, third-party medical institutions can shared hospital patient data modeling analysis of the specific type of
disease, so as to achieve better decision support and treatment, or the use of large amounts of patient data to develop
new drugs. Access control mechanisms on the conventional block chain may contract or some intelligent asymmetric
encryption algorithm. The use of intelligent process automation contracts, not only reduces costs but also solve the
problem of trust.
But with the growing popularity and development block chain technology to the medical field will bring obvious
innovations, medical institutions, pharmaceutical, insurance companies, communities, equipment manufacturers,
government and so can make a profit, healthcare data can be more secure, quick way to share the whole network,
development of better medical help wisdom.
For example, the Information Technology Co., Ltd. Guiyang langma practice the block chain technology is
applicable to chronic disease management scenario: smart contract for data sharing and unified network management by
consensus algorithm. Regulatory agencies, medical institutions, companies and third party service providers to share
patient per capita in this sensitive information in a protected ecosystem, the implementation of an integrated collaborative
slow disease intervention mechanism to ensure that the disease has been effectively controlled. Langma user-specific
information to help identity information to create a unique digital identity and the corresponding public and private keys to help users of p
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To manage the different agencies (including information langma chronic disease management agency) collected user data
is stored encrypted package to the respective nodes, and each node identity management pooling mechanism will ensure
that the legitimate user identity data is written, different interoperability and data association established between the user
account system, including identity management, access authentication, authorization management. All participating
agencies when there is clear access to user data needs of this body of non-produced, after license by user, by comparing
key user can obtain real-time medical and health-related information, to ensure the privacy of users, to avoid the traditional
medical data sharing brought about by the legal and ethical challenges. The regulators do not need to eleven real-time
access to credible data than the data, slow to grasp the overall situation of residents disease management, greatly enhance
the efficiency of supervision. By block chain technology, which provides a new classification of medical diagnosis and
treatment experience, while ensuring the privacy of users, based on the full realization of shared management of chronic
disease, the whole collaboration, the whole intervention.
Drugs also block chain traceability main landing direction in the medical field. For example, the Shanghai
Information Technology Co., Ltd. triplex developed based medicine traceability application block chain technology, mainly
landing in medicine traceability, traceability and medical traceability data query transactions to address the information
between upstream and downstream supply chain opaque asymmetric and inter-enterprise information sharing problem. On
the one hand, the data stored on the league chain after obtaining the authorization of each node can be carried out for the
pharmaceutical supply chain, the whole chain statistical analysis, development aid program strategies, streamline
procurement processes, reduce inventory levels, optimize logistics and transportation network planning, provision of goods
sales forecasting; on the other hand, medical traceability data to build a big data market trading platform, providing
traceability and process data transaction pricing strategy to promote the enterprises according to their main requirements
for data security and privacy within and outside the Union needs to respond and complete the transaction .
(X) digital identity
With the rapid development of the Internet, digital identity applications in all walks of life are becoming more
common. Digital identity is a computer system used to represent a foreign agent entity information,
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This entity can be individuals, businesses or government. Typically, digital identity to personnel information stored in the
computer related to their social identity associated manner.
Digital identity is now often used to all the information (in particular, public information) on behalf of a person online
activity generated, and this information can be used to find others citizenship of the person, including user names and
passwords, online search activity, date of birth purchase history. More simply, digital identity is used to confirm the Internet
scene " who are you " A series combination of features. Digital identity can provide a more favorable environment for trust in
the Internet, it is an important basis for a global financial transaction digitization.
However, the presence of digital identity in the practical application of the following difficulties: First, the lack of
good digital identity environment of trust, we can not confirm exactly who is requesting / making operations on the
network. As the case stolen or operate more than one account with the existence of the account, we are unable to
confirm that the body of this behavior behind only by login account password.
In the digital identity verification link, block chain technology can significantly enhance the reliability of digital
identities. Personal digital identity information distributed stored on different nodes, the data records can not be tampered
source. Unless block chain network agreed to change the views, otherwise the current state of the block chain entities
can not be changed to ensure that the available information is an effective representative of the state entities identity.
Further, the digital identity of the entity holding the corresponding private key, the authorization process may be
determined by the authenticity of digital identity authentication key.
Another problem faced in the practical application of digital identity is a personal privacy and data sovereignty.
For example, when an individual to establish a digital identity to fill in personal information in various sites, the data is
stored in each site, resulting in a waste of resources on the one hand repeat storage, on the other hand so that privacy
can not be guaranteed. In these circumstances, personal information data is stored in third-party websites instead of
storing personal belonging, there is data being abused, the possibility of theft.
Block chain can solve the problem of data sovereignty and privacy in digital identity. In the verification link,
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The use of asymmetric encryption technology, raw data without the need to verify the requesting party, only by comparing
a hash value of the digital identity to complete the authentication, eliminating the risk of disclosure of personal privacy. In
addition, the block chain can eliminate the possibility of using false information by the unilateral, information such as
address, phone number and so on. This helps prevent identity theft, eliminates the risk of personal digital identity in
different scenarios using inconsistent information.
(Xi) Things
Things were connected to the Internet referring to things that the Internet computer technology, to achieve an
article by a radio frequency device, a communication module, and automatic identification smart chip technology and
information sharing. Things via a wireless transmission system of the object information data acquisition, transmission,
the formation of large data analysis system, can be widely used in a plurality of things smart grid, intelligent home,
intelligent transportation, intelligent manufacturing.
Things is another wave of the information industry after computer, Internet and mobile communication networks.
from 2015 Since the state launched the "Made in China 2025 "" " the Internet
+ " Action guidance "," Intelligent Manufacturing Project Implementation Guide "and other policies, proposed use of things
such as technology and promote cross-regional, cross-type interconnection traffic information, and actively promote the
application of intelligent technology and other things in the car networking fields. In the case of policy, technology-driven
double, things become new business development momentum. Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE and other technology companies
will be of things as one of the main strategic direction.
At present, the Chinese networking industry has begun to take shape, the Ministry released the information
communications industry development plan Things volumes ( 2016-2020 Years) pointed out, 2015 China's Internet of
Things market size 7500 Billion, " Twelve Five " CAGR 25% Expected in 2020 Grew to 1.5 Trillion yuan. Public network
machine to machine connections over 1 Million global total
31% China will become the world's largest market.
Although things have a variety of scenarios, but the distance networking technology development to
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Cooked still need to address the following issues: First, is limited by the cloud service and maintenance costs, things
difficult to achieve large-scale commercial. Things were conventional communication was implemented via a centralized
server cloud. The drawbacks of this mode is that, with the increase in access devices, server load is also facing more
companies need to invest a lot of money to maintain the normal operation of the system of things. Therefore, in the past few
decades, the "center of the cloud server + small-scale deployment of the" Internet of Things is the main form of
communication. However, the Internet of Things technology for the industrial upgrading networks to bring about change on
the premise that the mass of the device. When the access device reaches tens of billions or hundreds of billions of cloud
storage services will bring huge costs, hindering the further development of the Internet of Things. Block chain can solve
the problem of scale of things, so that equipment at a lower cost billions, billions of sharing the same network. Block chain
using techniques IOT system through a plurality of nodes participating in the verification, the whole network will be reached
in the books distributed transactions, instead of the role of the central server.
In addition, traditional things devices vulnerable to attack, susceptible to data loss and costly to maintain. Typical
things device information security risks include: firmware version is too low, the lack of security patches, there is a
privilege vulnerabilities, excessive network equipment ports, unencrypted transmission of information and so on. The
whole network node validation block chain consensus mechanism, asymmetric encryption technology and distributed
data storage will significantly reduce the risk of hacker attacks.
For example, all the bits enjoy joint Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology jointly
established by Shenzhen people enjoy the Internet Technology Co., Ltd., to promote the chain of blocks distributed
network technology represented by the Internet of things, the development and promotion of business applications and
other areas of the financial sector . In cooperation with the public to enjoy the Internet of Things Clervaux proposed
distributed security solution - Distributed intelligent distribution of information security systems ( DIPS ), By the management
software, hardened, power distribution units ( PDU ) And network security constitute a controller. The security system uses
a communication protocol, dynamic encryption tunnel, Multiply random transfers and the like two-factor authentication
techniques may solve the data transmission center / management center security gateway network layer data networking architecture w
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End encryption technology and management and reconstruction PDU Communication channels, protection and
management side PDU Communications against eavesdropping, interception and tampering, secure communication. In
terms of encryption, both the communication before the communication needs of Zebra Node communication being established between
channel id Road communication management, channel id It will be changed regularly. Subsequently, the command
information via encrypted using the recipient's public key and private key and their channel id After sending the dual signature.
Zebra-Zebra Verification node cloud channel id Signatures, the recipient to verify the sender's signature and then decrypt
the command message. In terms of transmission, data information is randomly different nodes dynamically variable
transmission path, reduces the risk of being attacked via.
Map 9 Distributed intelligent distribution of information security systems ( DIPS ) Example
(Xii) public
With the continuous development of China's economic level, per capita disposable income steadily, Chinese public
service industry has also ushered in a period of rapid development. according to" 2016 Chinese annual charitable contributions Report "
2016 China's total receiving funds and materials donated years 1392.94 Billion yuan, accounting for GDP of 0.19% , An
increase of 25.65% . Where the per capita donation amounted 100.74 Yuan, compared with 2015 Annual growth
23.32% On the amount and growth are high. The rapid development of public sector represents China's economic and
social development to improve the environment, good for solving social problems, reduce the wealth gap. However, there is
often criticized charity sector inefficiency and corruption issues. Data stored on the block chain, highly reliable and can not
be tampered with, naturally suitable for application in social welfare scene. public
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Benefits flow of relevant information, such as details of recruitment, donor projects, recipients feedback, capital flows,
etc., can be stored in the block chain, under the premise of the project participants to meet privacy requirements and
other relevant laws and regulations, there is conditionally open publicity, facilitate public and social supervision, boost the
healthy development of social welfare.
First, the block chain can solve the problem of lack of public trust in the industry. Mode of operation is the public
sector donors endowments to charity, and then distribute the money to the charity. However, donations of operation, the
flow of information consumers can not accurately grasp, even charities regularly disclose detailed report, but still the
problem of lack of trust and the center of existence, the right to speak in the hands of charities, prone to fraud, corruption
corruption and so on. E.g,
2011 year " Mei-US events " The outbreak of a huge crisis of confidence in China's charity, the Red Cross has so far failed
damaged trust out of the woods.
Block chain technologies can solve the problem of lack of trust in the charitable sector and information opaque.
Using the block chain to track cash flow process, donors can clearly understand the whereabouts of donations, as well as
whether to really help people who need help how the money is being used. In addition, the block chain can not be
tampered with features that make both the donors, grantees, and charity registration information on the block chain are
able to enhance the reliability and transparency of public sector parties. For example, in the areas of poverty alleviation,
Guiyang municipal government established poverty alleviation block chain applications based on existing big data
platform for helping poor accuracy object recognition inaccurate, misappropriation of poverty alleviation funds and so on,
using the block chain tamper-proof characteristics of the target for poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation cadres
fingerprint input and validation to ensure accurate identification of target poverty alleviation. In addition, poverty alleviation
chain applications using intelligent block contracts poverty alleviation projects and intelligent matching funds, while capital
flows were full traceability to ensure that poverty relief funds will not be diverted for other purposes, to achieve the effect
of monitoring of social assistance and poverty reduction funds evaluation.
2016 year 7 Month, ants gold dress in cooperation with the China Social Assistance Foundation, in Alipay love
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Heart donation platform on the block chain technology used in charitable projects " Hearing-impaired children to regain a
new sound " So that each sum of money can be tracked throughout, public accounts will become transparent and trusted. Up
2018 year 1 month 18 , A total of 2100 Wan Alipay users to 831 A public welfare project donation, donation amount 3.67 Million
people donated 2.2 Billion.
By block chain traceability technology can help poor people selling goods on the platform. Buyers to buy the
corresponding product of poor way to increase income-poor people, poverty alleviation indirectly achieve the effect. Block
chain technology to be able to prove that the money is in the hands of the poor households. For example, Media buying
electricity supplier sales poverty produced by cooperatives " Nujiang rural flavor " Series papaya vinegar, combined with the
advantages of the block chain technology to improve brand positioning, using the characteristics of the block chain can
not be tampered with, enhance the brand of consumer acceptance, improve product value and sales revenue, local
governments in China Communications Construction Group guidance and Nujiang Prefecture the support to help promote hundreds of lo
In addition, the block chain can break the information silos, data sharing of resources, improve the efficiency of
public welfare. Floor Tencent block chain e.g. " Tracing the chain public " , Tencent internal and external connections tracing
multiple platforms, break the barriers of information, information sharing major public platform, significantly increasing the
efficiency of collaboration to find lost children.
(Xiii) e-government
E-government is the government's electronic information services and information processing systems, electronic
information technology to transform government through computer communications, the Internet and other technologies
to improve the efficiency of the management of government affairs and government administration according to law level.
With the further advance e-government, government data continue to accumulate data between different
departments is crucial to open up the government to enhance management efficiency. However, e-government data
sharing there was a contradiction between security and efficiency.
Government service platform involving large numbers of people, sensitive corporate information and interactive
data sharing process is complex, not only prone to human error, but also vulnerable to hacker attacks lead to information disclosure
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Leaks or the presence of persons inside the like. For safety reasons, data sharing in real-life situations are often difficult
to implement.
Block chain technology was cross-level, cross-sectoral interoperability of data provides a secure trusted
environment. Block chain allows the government access to the party and authorized to access data independent of the
data call behavior record, accurate and accountable, can occur when data breaches, dramatically reducing the security
risks of e-government data sharing, improve the efficiency of law enforcement.
For example, for the public to enjoy a bit under the jurisdiction of the provincial Department of Finance around the
city information system application data sharing for the financial system applications and more error-prone data exchange,
high cost of traditional data bus, operation and maintenance of pressure, etc., using the block chain technology build data
bus platform, each under the jurisdiction of cities building block chain nodes alliance chain system, resource sharing all
types of structured data to complete the application through the block chain network; for unstructured data, which is stored
by the block chain value, to ensure safe and reliable transmission and lower transmission cost conventional bus systems. In
addition, all the bits enjoy the development of sensitive data block chain of Zhuzhou government audit platform with the
block chain technique sensitive data recording operation, forming a strong audit log service can be performed according to
the operation history traceable behavior.
As another example, the Chief chain block chain technology using the multiple-government government
institutions, economic data, financial transactions and other combination, developed a management agency, multi-level
rights management system, intelligent contracts and interfaces, and intelligent use of contract law to make intelligent
rights monitoring system for flexible customization, and can automatically track the transfer of access rights, in order to
achieve data interoperability safely.
Chief chain and Guangzhou Nansha District Government launched block chain-government cooperation,
collaborative process for dealing with government block chain in different ecosystems, achieve scientific decision-making,
efficient command, effectively improve the management level of government services, while promoting government
services and more department resource sharing, work shortening the circulation time, improve business processing efficiency and achie
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Fifth, the block chain industry trends
(A) Block Chaining become the forefront of global technology development and open up new international track
competition
As the block chain " Value of the Internet " Critical infrastructure, we are leading the global new round of technological
revolution and industrial revolution, is becoming a model of innovation and technological innovation " source " . Leading global
new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution. At present, the block chain is becoming " Value of the Internet "
Critical infrastructure, many countries have begun to actively embrace the block chain technology, opening up new
international industrial competition track, seize the commanding heights of the new round of industrial innovation, in order to
strengthen the international competitiveness of the chain in the block " New Track " For first-mover advantage. according to IBM
Block Chain Development Report data, the global 9 The government is planning to invest block chain, and in 2018 Entered
a substantive stage. The United States as the forefront of the block chain technology, will rise to the block chain " Transformational
technology " The establishment of block chain decision-making committees of the Congress, and constantly improve the
technology associated with the block chain of public policy. EU efforts to fight Europe's leading regional and global
development block chain technology investment, the establishment of " EU block chain Observatory and Forum " Mechanisms
to accelerate the study of international level " Block chain standards " And to provide funding for the block chain project is
expected to 2020 In block chain project will provide funding up to the amount of the 3.4 Billion euros. South Korea will block
chain rose to national strategy, to build block chain ecosystem, launched "I-Korea 4.0 Block chain " Strategies, plans pilot
projects in logistics, energy and other core industries.
With the development policy of global chain of blocks, constantly optimize the technology and application
environment, the emerging information technology development and applications continues to accelerate, the countries to
seize the future technological advantages frontier unprecedented efforts to increase international competition will become
more complex and intense. Block chain technology to promote economic and industrial structure of a major adjustment,
will be in developing countries by leaps and bounds, occupy a strong position in the international division of labor is a major turning poin
China block chain industry, technological innovation is experiencing a marked acceleration of the process, and
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And in some related technology leader. At present, China already has a good foundation for the development block chain
industry, China has a wide range of technical applications block chain landing scene. The next stage will continue to
accelerate the progress of the construction value chain public Internet infrastructure, and actively building blocks of
industrial ecological chain with Chinese characteristics.
In the next round of international competition, the public chain block chain underlying architecture and
infrastructure with high importance, especially in serving the people's livelihood, public safety and other areas of the block
chain infrastructure, food and drug safety for the protection of society, accelerate the construction of a social credit
system, increase access to a sense of the people is important. Therefore, it is necessary supervision by the state, the
establishment of a transparent, traceable, effective credit transfer infrastructure, a distributed application carries a series
of social, government information to speed up the sharing of resources, improve government efficiency and enterprise
collaboration to promote governance capacity and modern management system, lay the foundation for building a modern
economy.
(B) block chain sector has become a hot spot for innovation and entrepreneurship, technology integration will
expand the application of new space
Block chain to a certain extent, solve the value of the transfer process integrity, authenticity, uniqueness
problems, reduce the risk of transmission of values, improve the efficiency of the transmission, and information
technology aspects of enterprise collaboration, which will give rise to a large number of innovation cooperation scenario,
innovation and entrepreneurship to build new ecology. Block chain technology will drive a new wave of entrepreneurial
innovation, regardless of the size of the company, have the opportunity to block chain innovations and breakthroughs in the field. 2017 I
164 Family, including 32 Companies is developing or already on-line project block chain. With the rapid maturation block
chain technology and markets to get into the block chain technology company Unicorn will be more and more, and
gradually form a clear strategic thinking, and develop strategies for investment and actively carry out experiments to
explore better adapt to industry trends.
Meanwhile, the block chain with new artificial intelligence technology integration, networking and other technology should contin
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With the new space, further release the vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship. To the massive development of
artificial intelligence based on data from a large, block chain can ensure the safety and reliability of the data. Once the
depth of both combined, can produce more new applications, create a safe learning environment intelligence to create
intelligent manufacturing organization and has a higher level of intelligent management, to provide a wider range of smart
applications [ 19] . The big question of things is difficult to guarantee security, but security issues are the core defect mutual
trust mechanism between the lack of equipment, and the block chain networks provide a consensus mechanism that can
withstand a single point of failure and other problems. Meanwhile, the block chain point of interconnection data
transmission mode, can solve the problem of computing power. Distributed computing process can cost tens of
thousands of transactions, make full use of distributed data sources in different locations, and computing power, storage
capacity and bandwidth of billions of dollars of equipment idle, for transaction processing, a significant reduction in
computation and storage . By exchange of information and communication, networking device produces object data
source block chain may be uploaded to the network for storage and information sharing. In addition, the intelligent
technology can block chain contracts each smart device can be programmed to self-maintenance stand-alone network
node adjustment can be performed with other nodes to exchange information or to verify the identity and other functions
on a regular basis or implement the provisions of the implant [ 20] . Block chain in the chain so that the data can not be
tampered with, if only to be used alone, data can not be trusted to solve the problem, but if with good things and artificial
intelligence technology, you can upgrade to a large extent on the credibility of the information chain , to ensure accurate
mapping to physical line under the line, to enhance the credibility of the overall system, and further in more scenario landing.
(C) Block Chaining the next three years will be widely landing in the real economy, an important support for the
construction of digital China
Technological innovation and financial innovation only the depth of integration and the real economy, promote
real economic development, effectively change the industry play, reduce industry costs, improve industrial efficiency, improve the indust
[19] References: Eiji Fukuzawa: Artificial Intelligence and block chain will subvert the world, network geeks, March 29, 2018 [20] References: the
establishment of a new digital economy, we must first clear the block and chain big data, cloud computing, Internet of things and the relationship
between artificial intelligence, Sohu and Technology, May 15, 2018
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Value to the environment, innovation can be fully tapped. China block chain of industrial ecology is developing rapidly, from
the underlying infrastructure to block chain segments of the scene of applications, from the national strategy to business
practices, block chain technology received extensive attention. As more and more projects actual landing, the industry
entered a period of application acceleration landing. At present, the block chain technology landing scene from the financial
sector to extend to the real economy, the financial sector covering the supply chain finance, mutual insurance, clearing and
settlement, asset transactions and other scenes, also covers the traceability of goods, copyright protection, electronic
evidence as evidence, e-government and other non-financial scene. Future, technology will continue to accelerate block
chain are widely used in the industrial scene, merge with the physical depth of Economy, form a group " Industry block chain " Project,
will be the application trends block chain technology.
During the next three years will be more tightly integrated with traditional industries block chain, block chain
began to change with the market structure, companies will focus on the business changes, new ecosystems contract with
intelligent technology will be integrated into the existing industry, new business models and regulatory services model will
emerge, the number of social enterprises will be greatly increased. Cross-chain technology will be achieved between
different block chain, chain blocks and even traditional IT Value transfer between systems. Block chain technology
combined with the current pace of development and existing technology, market, maturity of the regulatory system, it is
foreseeable block chain ecology within three years will achieve broad landing, combined with deep industry-specific
scenarios to create a new model effectively promote physical economic transformation and upgrading, quality and efficiency.
Block chain technology in the real economy wide landing for the industrial entities " Overtaking lane changing " Direct
implementation " Trusted Digital " It provides opportunities. The use of block chain technology, combined with further
promotion and popularization of the Internet of Things and industry, turn to the next line by the large number of transactions
on the chain, the rate of enterprise networking equipment and management systems will also significantly enhance the
physical assets of the physical space will be more broadly mapped into cyberspace, digital assets will become an important
part of corporate assets, the entity industry's business model will achieve unprecedented depth change, which will greatly
speed up the digitization process of our country, provide strong support for digital China construction.
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(Iv) economic block chain to create a new platform, open a new era of shared economic
Platform is the basis for economic innovation model of economic development of China's Internet, but also " the Internet
+ " New dynamics of China's economic development era. The root of the value of the platform from the platform users,
especially early platform for users to contribute greater value. However, there is more economic platform
" Share Economy " Rather than " Sharing Economy " Mode, there is a conflict of interest between owners and users of the
platform platform.
The application block chain technology is expected to make " Share Economy " A real shift " Sharing Economy " .
Token As a technical element is the value of delivery vehicles on the block chain network, which is in circulation efficiency
benchmark, it is based on a deeper impact for the benchmark. With Token
System, users will be able to block chain platform to platform or community contribution and automatically quantify the
settlement, given the appropriate incentives to achieve the user and the owner of the Internet platform sharing platform value added.
Incentive-based mode blocks chain will promote the sharing economy to a shared economic upgrade, and this new
platform is also in line with economic innovation, coordination, green, open, sharing new development concept, is a higher
level of new economic platform that " Economic Community " Break the bottleneck of the development community, making the
Internet community organizations to achieve the transition to economic organization, to form a unique group of community
economies competitive. Block chain by means of intelligent distributed books and contract technology significantly reduces
the cost of execution of the contract to build and break trust the barriers to disintermediation, create a genuine shared
economic, comprehensive open a new era of shared economy.
(E) to accelerate the block chain " Trusted Digital " Process, driven by financial " Tuoxuxiangshi " Serve the real
economy
At present, the high cost of the real economy, profit margins, small micro-enterprise financing, financing more
expensive, and slow financing still exists, the financial support for the real economy is still insufficient. An important
reason behind this phenomenon is that there are still between financial institutions and corporate entities more serious
information asymmetry, can provide information on the real economy, not enough to support investment decisions finance. gold
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Financial institutions business entities to obtain accurate real business information more difficult, the process of financial
institutions and corporate entities to establish trust more twists and turns, higher for small and medium micro-enterprise
credit management costs and risk premium. Therefore, the need to establish mechanisms to ensure accurate
transmission of information industry management entity to financial institutions, in order to promote financial services to better serve the
Block chain using techniques may be implemented " Trusted Digital " , Thus achieving real logistics, information flow,
capital flow " Third-rate integration " , It can effectively establish the above mechanisms to address the question of money off
of the real into the virtual. Real logistics refers to the real economy is actually running enterprise; the flow of information is
data and information; cash flow represents the cash flow situation of banks and other financial institutions. At present, the
actual logistics and information flow is not widely translated into, one of the reasons is that many of the real economy
enterprises, especially small and medium micro enterprises and no way to get a lot of real return based on the digital
transformation of the business, but they will assume the risk of information leakage and a series of . So some of the digital
transformation of enterprise business is relatively sluggish, there is not complete, not comprehensive, systematic physical
mapping case the flow of information. Off into the virtual reality of financial problems arise, but also one of the reasons is
that the information flow is not strong enough, resulting in capital flow and logistics out of line solid, accurate information to
the physical flow of cash flow can not be reached, leading to the foundation of the real economy is not strong financial
institutions higher risk. For example, when individual small and medium micro enterprises financing, whitewash material
may occur, even coined the case history information. Financial institutions difficult to fully verify the authenticity of information, risk.
Block chain based system, data may be efficiently determined weights and multi-data to be verified, and can not be
altered, it can be substantially more effectively protect the authenticity of the data, to achieve " Trusted Digital " , Financial
institutions investments, loans provide a large number of reliable basic information, which greatly reduces the risk of
financial institutions serving the real economy.
Also, because " The chain " After the data can significantly improve the convenience of corporate finance entities, the
real economy will be more actively promote the digital transformation of the business, mapping the speed of the physical
flow of information flow, the breadth and depth of the sharp increase, further strengthen the credibility of the information flow, dramatical
--95--
Capital flow and logistics of the actual distance. The relationship between the financial sector and the real sector has
never been close, funds and entities " Contact " Will greatly increase, financing the real economy will become diversified. In
addition, in this mode, the regulatory authorities will also supervise bring unprecedented convenience and means to
effectively implement transmissive regulation, a matter of supervision. Ultimately, the highly physical world and the digital
world financial system and communication, to achieve " Third-rate integration " , Thus making the financial and the real
economy are inseparable, idling of funds in the financial system is no longer present, to achieve off the virtual reality of
the process.
(Vi) block chain and regulatory standards will further improve the development of basic industries continue to
consolidate
With further increase in the maturity of the block chain technology, and combined with tighter industry, the
industry regulator institutional system will further improve the construction, to create a good development environment for
the industry segment chain project depth of the real economy to provide effective protection, a number of illegal violation
of the project will be subject to strict supervision.
Tamper-proof block chain, traceability, open and transparent properties, but easier access regulation, to obtain a
more comprehensive real-time supervisory data. For example, regulators may be equipped with a regulatory node in the
chain, this regulation has the full authority node, you can view all the data on the books (the other nodes can only see the
data related to the authorized). But regulators node is not free to view the data. To view the data, you need to be
authorized all or most of the other nodes. To obtain such authorization, in fact, to fulfill some of the regulatory process
under the line, such as hair and other regulatory letters. Such a strong guarantee for the supervision according to law, in
accordance with the regulatory procedure. Make good use of block chain system, can greatly reduce regulatory costs
transmissive.
Distributed block chain itself can not be altered, transparency and other characteristics of the embodiment can
effectively improve the efficiency of a transmissive regulation. Distributed can block chain project's use the same set of
regulatory requirements in different regulatory bodies, but also make different regulatory agencies enjoy a data account
--96--
this. Tamper-proof and ensures the traceability of data, the regulation enables access to historical data, regulatory
policies to achieve full coverage. At the same time, regulators have written their own regulations can contract a smart,
intelligent regulation. This saves costs for the regulators are concerned, it is for the project side, a transparent, rules clear
regulatory environment conducive to the healthy development of the industry.
With the development of technology block chain, block chain standards will continue to gradually improve, which
block chain technology scene floor has a positive role in promoting the construction and improvement of ecological
industrial chain block, promote. Block chain standards will help accelerate the industry to converge on the block chain
knowledge, formed from the block chain applications " Social consensus " The effective application of open channel to prevent
the security risk, accelerate time to value sharing in cross-industry ecosystem, the ecosystem contribute to the formation of
large social level block chain. And to stimulate more technology innovation, technology and transmissive reduce regulatory
costs and speed up the implementation of the block chain system.
At present, China block chain standardization work already has a good foundation, the next time block chain
standardization will enter a crucial period of development, standards development work will speed up the process, in terms
of basic standards and common technical standards, there will be more research results appear. For China to play a key
role in the international arena block chain standardization, to lay a solid foundation. In addition, it is worth noting that the
super block chain books and other relevant international growing influence of open source projects, open source community
lead role of technology route to be strengthened, may also form a de facto standard, open-source development
environment for accelerating technological progress, reducing individual company's research and development costs,
protect data shared unified standard is important, but also an important platform for foreign relations of our country. Our
programmers and enterprises with the open source community to maintain a good long-term interaction, there is a big
contribution, reflecting the innovative power of our position. The future, as the level of innovation continue to strengthen our
country block chain industry, to support the open source community to continue to upgrade and enhance the contribution of
the block chain in the development process, authority and the right to speak in the block chain fields and push the bottom
technology to accelerate progress, block chain technology floor lay a solid foundation in the real economy more scenes.
--97--
Annex 1: block chain industry standards and legal policy overview
(A) the legal protection of block chain technology innovation
Since the block chain technology potentially great future, the technology itself will naturally produce unmatched
value, therefore, to protect the block chain technology has become a necessary condition for the development of
safeguards block chain industry. The nature of the block may be considered to be a chain, or a class of computer
technology. To consider the legal protection of block chain technology should be abstract then discusses specific
protection for computer technology.
First, a computer protection technology that is necessarily related to patent protection. Our patent law refers to
inventions, utility models, designs and human rights and the right to apply in accordance with its patent. At present, our total
number of patents block chain has been leading the world. In other words, in the field of technology for the block chain
protection is carried out a large part of the inventor's patent application for its all block chain techniques. However, due to
the development of existing patent law in our country is already ten years ago, 2008 Years to complete. Therefore, some of
which will inevitably meet the current technical protection block chain practice. If China's Patent Law clearly states: the
scope of the invention to the right people at the right requests from the norm. That is, if the owner of the block chain
technology did not make clear the rights enumerated type of protection requirements for the content of technology, then it
may lose the possibility of legal protection of legitimate rights and interests. However, block chain technology as a very wide
application scenario underlying technology, its possible potential to protect the rights of all are content to make a list of the
type described, then, with some difficulty, it may increase the cost of patent protection of the rights of man, It is not
conducive to the protection of the rights. Thus, when considered in the form of legal protection for patents block chain
technology, it is a necessary requirement of China's patent law to make certain adjustments or effective construed in
accordance with existing practice, thereby enabling the chain to block the most comprehensive and technical effective
protection.
Second, we can consider block chain technology as protection of trade secrets. A trade secret
--98--
Generally refers not to the public, it has commercial value and to take appropriate technical information and management
information security measures by the right people. When a particular block chain technology was invented, and without
the right people at or made public in the application process can not be reversed crack obtained for others, etc., that
could be considered trade secrets and to protect it. However, China did not have special legal protection for trade secrets,
existing laws pertaining to the protection of trade secrets scattered distributed in the "Anti-Unfair Competition Law," the
law "Labor Law", etc., are not a valid form the protection system. Although China's "General Principles of Civil Law"
clearly will " Trade Secrets " Included within our intellectual property rights enjoyed by civil subject scope, but the law is still
the absence of the protection system. So, if you want to consider the block chain technology for protection, trade secret
places perfect legal system as the core content is urgent as a trade secret.
Finally, the Criminal Code block chain technology protection. Criminal rear law, the status of security law
determines its regulations on various serious the infringement of law committed should be placed in the final, that is, when
other laws can not achieve effective protection of social relations, it can not make the damaged legal interests when
restitution, fill the seats by the criminal law to play a role. When legal protection if the block chain technology has been
carried out as a patent or trade secret and other models is not sufficient to achieve effective protection effect, had a serious
case against the block chain technology for all rights, criminal law is to be considered at two hundred and sixteen [Falsifying
a Patent], Article 285 [crime of illegal intrusion into computer information systems], [illegal access to computer information
systems data, the crime of illegal control computer information systems], Article 286 [destroyed computer information
system] and other charges to achieve the protection of the block chain technology.
Legal issues (b) intelligent contracts
Intelligent contract is event-driven, with status, access to multi-party recognition, running on top of the block chain
and can be processed automatically according to pre-program the condition of assets, the biggest advantage is the use of
smart contract arbitration and artificial replacement program algorithm Execution of the contract. Essentially, Chile
--99--
A program is able to contract and having a transparent data, can not be altered, and the like characteristics of permanent running.
Intelligent contracts without intermediaries to direct trading between the main contract is based on an algorithm of
automatic execution of the contract. Intelligent contracts to efficiency to highlight the advantages of the block chain
technology can maximize the protection of the transparency of transactions and to protect the privacy of the parties.
Intelligent contract preset by the computer, the lower the probability of contracting, intelligent contracts compared to people in the langua
Werback Kevin and Cornell Nicolas in "Contracts Ex Machina" Mentioned in the article, the modern contract law
based on objective criteria for evaluating an offer commitments to reasonable reliance or human rights look relatively
basic point, it is also a smart contract meaning HUD indicated, it should be considered as a contract.
Mei Zhen, Kang Yali published in the Shanghai Lixin University of Finance 2017 Year 4 "Application and Legal
Consideration block chain technology in the financial sector" in the article pointed out that the contract based on
intelligent block chain techniques will change the rules of the existing contract law, contract intention intelligent way with
the existing contract law in each contract entered into the intention of the way there will be great differences under what
circumstances can be identified as meaning that the problem is consistent, such as the need to reach a consensual
contract law be clear. In addition, intelligent contracts can be performed automatically, or you can say that replaced the
behavior of people to perform the contract, then the contract under the existing contract law to fulfill the relevant
provisions may not meet the needs of intelligent contracts, contract law rules may have to be changed, even heavy
plastic.
Civil and Economic Law Research Institute of China, France and China University of Political Science Jin Jing published in the "
2017 Year 6 The power of the "digital era classic contract law --- EU digital single market policy background, "the article
believes that automate the difference constitution intelligence contracts and other electronic protocols that people can
intervene in the implementation of electronic contracts from the outside, but the whole process of the implementation of
intelligent contracts have inflexibility, once entered into independent implementation of intelligent contracts, the machine
will not be withdrawn. Intelligent contract without law enforcement, from closed from execution point of view,
- 100 -
Smart similar contract " Complete contract " This differs from traditional contract law " Incomplete contract theory " Contrary.
Intelligent entered into a contract of commitment is difficult to apply the traditional mechanisms of the offer, but may
consider suitable to carry out acts of the contracting rules. In other words, once scheduled to meet the requirements, the
contract automatically, when the self-executing the contract is concluded. In the case of successful implementation,
intelligent contracts very efficient, but the event of non-performance situation, intelligent contracts can continue to perform,
can be applied externally decisions and interventions become technical difficulties, the need to embed the corresponding
external computer code designed intervention program. In addition to the enclosed execution characteristics. Block chain
technology enables intelligent contract parties have anonymity, parties to a contract can not know each other. In case
anonymity, difficult to resolve legal remedies based on traditional non-compliance, even as a self-execution system,
intelligent payment is not suspended in the traditional legal sense, it clears up the traditional contract relief system to a
certain extent. In view of the intelligence contracts completely abandoned the relief contract, legal contract dispute
execution, interpretation of contract language, contract incompleteness classical theory or rules, contracts may fall short of
smart, intelligent contract is not really a contract, it will be understood as protocol a set of implementation mechanisms or
execution of the program, more in line with the facts, and better able to resolve the dispute.
Combined with intelligent practical operation contract step, we believe that an intelligent sign any contract, the
parties to the contract are to be negotiated before the contract architecture of intelligent design by computer experts will
be converted into a major contract architecture code and algorithm design, execution until the condition is triggered
automatically , that the cost of fulfilling the contract transferred from the execution to the transaction structure design
aspects. Intelligent content architecture designed to perform the contract in fact desirable parties to the contract staff, the
implementation of a matter can no longer be considered a contract itself, but its essence and computer program
instructions on a non-contract changes only. It allows the contract to achieve autonomy, the whole process will be
executed once, anyone, including sponsors, including the ability to intervene are not the most significant features of the
intelligent automatic execution of the contract to start. Secondly, smart contract without having an intermediary court,
arbitration and other supervise the implementation of the contract, the contract will not be because the two sides have different interpreta
--101--
Content, which has self-sufficiency and stability. Self-sufficiency of the regulation without the need to perform both legal
rules of the contract, without having to perform another intervention agency, ruled out the law, differences in the national
language policy of political and economic cross-border transactions, and convenient cross-border transactions. Stability
exclude the impact of unforeseen explain the contract terms for the implementation of the contract, because the traditional
interpretation of the terms of the contract can be affected by people thinking and language habits, and recognized by the
computer programming language compared to the text clearer language and stability. In addition to these convenient,
intelligent behind the agreement on establishment of the contract, to take effect, such as an invalid legal theory not much breakthrough a
(C) the token issuing legal issues of financing
2017 year 9 month 4 Day "announcement on guard token issuance of financing risk," states: " Tokens issued tokens
used in financing or ' Virtual currency ' Not by monetary authorities issue, does not have the legal tender of the mandatory
attributes such as currency, does not have legal status and monetary equivalent, can not and should not be used as
currency in circulation in the market. " Similar token generation of such a bit credits and, based on block chains to develop
technology, to some extent may be considered as products derived block chain technique. However, due to the nature of
the behavior tokens issued by an unauthorized public financing of illegal behavior, suspected of illegal sale of tickets
tokens, illegal issuance of securities and illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other criminal activities,
in particular, may be suspected criminal law the crime of illegal absorbing of public deposits, illegal business, financial
fraud, unauthorized issue of shares, corporate bonds and other crimes charges, and therefore must stop by the relevant
regulations of the State.
(Iv) block chain industry standards
For legal policy specification block chain technology itself is also essential, especially in the development of
standardized block chain technology-related technical standards. On the one hand, it helps to determine the unified
[21] References: Jie Hua: "block chain technology and smart indeed intellectual property rights and contracts in transactions and the use of legal regulation
system"
--102--
Awareness of the block chain technology and promote its standardization process, so as to promote technical prerequisites
block chain technology form a unified and comprehensive in the specific application of different industries. On the other
hand, through the implementation of the technical specifications of the block chain in the legal policy level, can radically
reduce the block chain technology is " abuse ' " misused " The possibility of using technology to reduce the chance of chain
blocks constitute a criminal case in specific application scenarios. Standards, has always been important to all sectors of a
link. The standardization process is not only the industry itself and constantly improve the process of constant development,
but also a constantly attracting new participants expand common industry outlook, and promote the process of development
of the industry. Therefore, the standard block chain to develop this innovative technology, essential for the development of
block chain industry. To promote innovation and the development of robust block chain industry in China, to ensure the
leading position, improve our standard block chain block chain industry in the world, to accelerate the development will
naturally become the key.
Domestic block chain standardization in early 2016 In the layout began, under the guidance of industry and
information technology software and services, the Division of Information Technology, the China Electronics
Standardization Institute organized the advantages of domestic companies in the field of chain blocks, in 2016 year 10 May
set up a China block chain technology and industry development forum, the Forum set up under the Standards Working
Group, it has developed and launched two community standards "block chain reference architecture" and "block chain
data format specification" and standard organizations actively promote industry standards, national standards project work on the basis
year 12 Month, national standards for China Electronics Standardization Institute led the development of China's first
block chain in the field of "IT block chain and distributed books Technical Reference Architecture" (Project No.: 20173824-T-469
) Officially approved, it indicates that China has further accelerated the pace of standardization block chain. Meanwhile,
the State Council issued the "national standardization system construction and development planning ( 2016-2020 In)
"presented nurture and develop in the fast technological development, innovation and market a number of organizations
active in the field of standard international influence, which improve the standardization system block chain in our country
in order to accelerate and enhance the level of standardization of our country played an important role.
--103--
2016 year 12 Month, Chinese Information and Telecommunications Research Institute led to the establishment of a
credible Data Center Alliance block chain working group to draft a credible block chain standards. The standard chain for
the Union and the private chain, defined 57 Argument has become a set of technical information disclosure and verification
mechanisms to regulate information disclosure of various block chain technology products on the market. Authentic
standard test system comprises three parts: first, the reference frame block chain. Including the definition of the block chain,
part of the professional interpretation of the term (consensus transaction, keys, etc.). A second, trusted block chain. The
system was constructed 14 Dimensions, metrics, validation block chain running to help build market confidence in the block
chain technology. Third, testing standards. The system defines 57 Checkpoints, to verify the above itemized 14 Dimensions
[ twenty two] .
[22] References: Chinese Academy of ICT: "To let the block chain credible information disclosure, we did a standard black box"
--104--
Annex 2: Excerpt related to national policies block chain industry
table 1 Block chain major industrial countries carding policy
Date issued issued a document file name Unit main content
2018 year 4 month The Ministry of Ministry of Education First, the importance of education information 2.0 Action Plan is the inevitable choice follow the
13 day Education on the development of education under intelligent environment. Education Information 2.0 Action Plan is to
issuance of "Education promote " Internet + Education " The specific implementation plan. Artificial intelligence, big data, block
Information 2.0 Notification action plan " chain technology are developing rapidly, will profoundly change the demand for qualified personnel and
education form. Intelligence environment not only changed the way of teaching and learning, and has
Teaching skills [ 2018 ] begun to affect deeply the concept of education, culture and ecology. The major developed countries
6 number have realized that under the new situation of education reform is imperative, from the national level
publish educational innovation strategy, design a blueprint for education reform and development, and
actively explore new models, the development of new products, promote education innovation under the
new technical support. China has issued "a new generation of artificial intelligence development plan",
emphasizing the development of intelligent education, take the initiative to deal with new challenges and new opportunities bro
Fourth, the implementation of the action (vii) intellectual innovation and development of educational
action to speed up construction of smart college learning system for next-generation networks. adapt 5G Network
technology development, service the entire time domain, the whole airspace, intelligent all audiences learn
new requirements to enhance knowledge transfer, capacity-building and enhance the quality of efficiency
and effectiveness as the key to open courses, exemplary national quality online virtual simulation
experiment teaching and other projects to support, strengthen high-capacity intelligent teaching resources,
accelerate the construction of online smart classrooms, smart labs, virtual factory (hospital) and other smart
learning space, and actively explore new technology-based intelligent learning block chain, such as the
effect of large data record, transfer, exchange, authentication effective way, a ubiquitous technology,
intelligent learning system, and promote information technology and intelligence into the depth of the whole
process of education, educational development to create new growth pole of international competition.
2018 year 2 month Notify the Ministry of General Office of Third, the pilot and demonstration content (three)
7 day Industry and the Ministry of Industry and Information

business
Technology
class consumer information pilot demonstration
Information 6. Modern logistics services. Support for the development of the whole process of information
Technology Office of consumption of modern logistics services, integrated logistics support innovative applications of
Consumer Information multimodal transport, and actively explore the use of block chain logistics information technology to carry
on organizations out full monitoring, promoting consumer information logistics cost reduction and efficiency.
working pilot demonstration project application
Department of Industry
letter soft Han [ 2018 ] 46
number
2018 year 1 month On the issuance of State Intellectual "Directory" identified 10 Key industries, refined as 62 Key segments, clearly the national focus on
17 day "intellectual property Property Office the development of intellectual property and the urgent need to support key industries, is conducive to all
focus on supporting departments and regions to identify the point of force in the industry to support the development of
industry directory ( 2018 intellectual property, intellectual property efficient allocation of resources, collaboration to promote industrial restructuring and u
In this), "the notice Table of Contents 2.7.6 For the block chain.
--105--
National Association of
Letter sent word to know [ 2018 ] 9
number
2017 year 12 State Post Bureau on National Post Sixth, strengthen the innovation capacity of open cooperation, foster " Along the way " Post new
month 20 day Promoting the postal kinetic energy industry
services industry " Along Promote scientific and technological innovation and industry cooperation. Play a role in the industry
the way " Construction National Engineering Laboratory and other research institutions, industry and postal exchanges with
of the guidance of countries along the Internet, the integration of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and
experience in the development of the block chain, joint scientific and technological demonstration. Build a
Country Mailroom joint laboratory with the countries concerned to encourage enterprises, research institutions along the
[ 2017 ] 103 routes (Research Center), International Technology Transfer Center, technology demonstration and
number promotion platform to promote technology transfer and conversion. The countries concerned and
enterprises, research institutions along the routes jointly developed intelligent collection and delivery,
flexible handling, containerized transportation, cold chain equipment and other technical services, jointly promote artificial intell
2017 year 11 The Ministry of The Ministry of Fifth, strengthen the implementation of
month twenty one day Commerce, National Commerce, Office safeguards (xiv) strengthening frontier research
Standards of the National For rapid innovation and cross-border retail network management features, new technology to
Commission office on Standardization strengthen the sharing economy, cross-border electricity supplier, electricity providers and other new
the issuance of Management Committeesocial model, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, the block chain, no shops, to send unmanned aerial
"standardization of vehicles a prospective study of new goods and services, near-field payments, promote the formation of
retail network Guidelines" of research results. Closely tracking developments in the retail network, strengthen the retail network
standard rules of international exchanges and cooperation, promote China's online retail standards and the relevant internation
Business electricity
word [ 2017 ] 12
number
2017 year 11 State Council on State council Third, the main task (c) to strengthen
month 19 day Deepening " the Internet industry support.
+ Advanced Increase the key common technology research efforts. New networking technology research
Manufacturing " The network time-sensitive, deterministic network, low-power industrial wireless network, and accelerate
development of the 5G Research application software-defined networking technology in the industry in the Internet. And
Internet industry guidance research to promote safe and reliable mechanism to resolve key technology, information management,
interoperability of heterogeneous identity and other industrial Internet identity resolution. accelerate IPv6 And
other core technology research. Promoting edge computing, artificial intelligence, augmented reality,
virtual reality, chain blocks and other emerging cutting-edge technology research and exploration industry in the Internet.
2017 year 10 State Council Office of the State Fourth, safeguard measures
month 5 day guidance on supply Council (C) to strengthen the supply chain and construction supervision of credit service system. Improve
chain innovation and the national credit information sharing platform for national and enterprise credit information publicity
actively promote the system " Credit China " Website, improve government credit information sharing mechanism, promote
application of public data resources between commerce, customs, quality inspection, industry and commerce, banking
and other departments and agencies of interoperability. Research on the use of emerging technologies
SCS block chain, artificial intelligence, establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on supply chain. Supply chain platform to pr
--106--
[ 2017 ] 84 Strong disclosure and sharing of information credit rating, credit history, risk warning, illegal acts of
number dishonesty and the like. Innovative supply chain supervision mechanism, the integration of market access,
customs, quality inspection and other policies related to the supply chain, strengthen supply chain risk
management and control, and promote the healthy and stable development of the supply chain. (National
Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Commerce, People's Bank,
Customs, Taxation, Business Administration, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, Food and Drug Admini
2017 year 9 month Notice of China China Insurance Third, the specific task (b) improve
18 day Insurance Regulatory Regulatory the enforcement mechanism
Commission on Issuing Commission 16. Tracking cloud computing, big data trends, artificial intelligence, chain blocks and other financial
the "second phase of technology, science and technology of applied research supervision, and actively explore new scientific
construction subordinated II Program" and technological conditions of the insurance industry under the new prudential supervision.
Insurance Regulatory
Commission [ 2017 ] 67
number
2017 year 8 month State Council on State council Second, to improve the supply of information consumption level
13 day further expansion and (Vii) to enhance the IT service capabilities. Support large enterprises to establish Internet-based " Double
upgrade information hit " Platform, provides specialized information services to the whole community. Play a good public service
consumption continues platform for small and medium enterprises, entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration base to guide
to release the potential the platform, ecological development of small and micro enterprises. Encourage enterprises to actively
of domestic demand guidance develop information technology services location-based services, social networking and other new support
services and intelligence applications. Support local joint cloud computing, big data backbone enterprises to
Guo Fa [ 2017 ] provide consulting, development, training and other technical support to local IT services company, to
40 number promote the upgrade " Internet + " Comprehensive integration services capabilities in an environment.
Encourage the use of open source software to develop personalized, pilot applications based on the new technology block cha
2017 year 8 month The Ministry of Ministry of Second, the main task
11 day Commerce, the Commerce, Ministry of Finance

(C) the construction of an important product traceability system, improve supply chain product
General Office of the quality assurance capabilities.
Ministry of Finance The third is to support core enterprise supply chain traceability system innovation and upgrading.
regarding the Focus on promoting the two-dimensional code, radio frequency identification ( RFID) , Video recognition,
development of the supply chain system construction

block
work
chains, GS1 , Object identifier ( OID ), Electronic billing and third party applications such as payment,
retroactive to promote innovation system upgrade; to promote medium-sized wholesale markets and large
Commercial office supermarkets, logistics enterprises to carry out information technology transformation, encourage the use of
issued in circulation [ 2017 ] 337 super GS1 Settlement to achieve traceability, product traceability into existing ERP System, docking
number enterprise information systems and traceability systems; to encourage the development of supply chain
integration of online and offline core business, forming a full channel integration, online and offline seamless traceability networ
2017 year 7 month Ministry of Industry Ministry of Industry Third, focus areas
26 day and Information and Information Technology (F) innovation network security applications. Cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence,
Technology to carry block chain, machine learning, and secure cryptographic algorithm (such as SM Series algorithm)
out 2017 In the technology, significantly enhance network security, threat warning, event handling results, the level of
telecommunications technical support to improve network security.
and Internet industry pilot demonstration network security
--107--
Work notice
Network Security
Ministry [Letter 2017 ] 310
number
2017 year 7 month State Council on the State council Third, the key tasks (c) the construction of safe and
8 day issuance of "a new convenient smart society
generation of artificial 4. Promote social interaction and mutual trust shared
intelligence Give full play to the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing social interaction, promoting credible
development planning" communication. Strengthen research and development of next-generation social network, speed up
augmented reality, virtual reality technology to promote the application, the virtual environment and the
Guo Fa [ 2017 ] physical environment to promote collaboration integration, to meet the personal perception, analysis,
35 number real-time information demands judgment and decision-making to achieve in work, study, living,
entertainment etc. under different scenarios smooth handover. Aimed at improving interpersonal
communication barriers needs, develop emotional interactive function, can accurately understand the
needs of people intelligent assistant product to achieve a virtuous cycle of emotional communication and
needs met. Block chain technology and promote the integration of artificial intelligence, to establish a new social credit system,
2017 year 3 month Ministry of Industry Ministry of Industry Third, the key tasks (c) Applications for action to support cloud-based innovation and
30 day and Information and Information Technology

entrepreneurship. Further promote big business " Double hit " To encourage and support the use of cloud
Technology issued a computing platform for the development of entrepreneurship and innovation, through the establishment of
"cloud computing an open platform, the establishment of venture capital fund to provide business guidance and other forms
development of a three-year action plan ( 2017 of online and offline to promote the aggregation of resources, promote collaborative innovation SMEs.
- 2019 Year) Maker culture by organizing competitions and other forms of support for SMEs, individual developers
"notice cloud-based computing platform to carry out big data, new technologies, networking, artificial intelligence,
such as chain blocks, new business development and industrialization, foster a number of cloud-based
[Ministry soft letter 2017 computing platform economy, share economic and other new industry, further expand cloud computing
] 49 applications category.
number
2017 year 1 month On the issuance of Ministry of Five key projects (vi) trade logistics innovation and
19 day "Business Logistics Development

Commerce, the development projects.
" Thirteen Five " Inform National Promote the use of automatic identification, electronic data interchange, cargo tracking, intelligent
planning " Development and transportation, networking and other advanced technology and equipment, exploration block chain
Reform technology applications in the field of trade and logistics, to develop wisdom logistics. Promotion net book
Commercial circulation Commission, shop take, self-extracting, and other end of collection services delivery model, to explore the integration of
Fa 2017 ] 29 Ministry of Land logistics service management model online and offline. And vigorously promote the integration of
number Resources, Ministry of Transport,

warehouse the
distribution,
State Postlogistics
Bureau enterprises to promote the integrated operation, network management, and
promote the transformation and upgrading trade and logistics. Expansion of centralized purchasing, order management, distrib
2017 year 1 month Ministry of Commerce Department of Commerce Third, the main task
17 day to further promote the (B) the ability to enhance the hatch, public support entrepreneurial innovation Peoples.
national e-commerce 4. Create a double hit environment. Play an exemplary base complementary advantages, to create
demonstration base a favorable entrepreneurial innovation and a good atmosphere, support for new technologies, new
construction work industries, new formats, new model development. Develop public a new incubator space, and improve technical support and se
--108--
instructions Business incubation services to enhance the ability to hatch. Demonstration bases to promote
entrepreneurship incubators and research institutes and technological achievements into an effective,
Business electric hair promoting big data, networking, technical innovation and cloud computing, artificial intelligence, the block chain.
[ 2017 ] 26
number
2017 year 1 month State Council on Office of the State Fourth, to stimulate new vitality factors of production flow (13) to improve the flow of intelligence
13 day Innovation Council gathering mechanism elements of cross-border integration create a favorable atmosphere for the growth of
Management the research team. Innovative institutional mechanisms, institutions and disciplines breakthrough
optimization services, management restrictions, artificial intelligence, block chain, energy Internet, intelligent manufacturing, large
training and advice to data applications, genetic engineering, digital and creative cross-integration fields, to build a number of
grow and develop new industrial innovation centers and innovation networks. The completion of a number of international
economic momentum standards, highlighting the interdisciplinary and collaborative research and innovation base, focus on
to accelerate the conversion of the old and the new promoting

kinetic energy connection
cross-border integration of disruptive innovation. (National Development and Reform
Commission, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other departments according
Guo Ban Fa [ 2017 ]
4 number
2016 year 12 Ministry of Industry Ministry of Industry Software and IT service industry development plan ( 2016-2020 Years) Third, the
month 18 day and Information and Information Technology guiding ideology and development goals (three) development goals
Technology on the
issuance of "software - - Technological innovation. Enterprises as the mainstay of the industry to further improve
and IT service industry the innovation system, software revenue Top 100 R & D investment continued to increase, the ability to
development plan ( 2016 - lead the formation of innovation and clear competitive advantages in key areas. Basic software
2020 Year) collaborative innovation breakthrough to form a number of competitive platform solutions and achieve
"notice large-scale applications. Artificial intelligence, virtual reality, the block chain in areas such as innovation
reached the international advanced level. Cloud computing, innovation and development in the field of big
[Regulation data, mobile Internet, networking, information security, jumped to a higher level. Key areas of
Ministry 2016 ] 425 standardization has made significant progress, further enhance the international standard voice.
number Fourth, the key tasks and major projects (a)
improve the capacity of innovation and development
- - Layout cutting-edge technology research and development. Big Data theories and methods
around, aspects of computing systems and analysis, critical applications and technology research models,
layout cloud computing and big data forefront of technological development. Support the implementation of
the basic theory of artificial intelligence, common technology, applied technology research, focusing on
breakthrough natural language understanding, visual and auditory computer, the new human-computer
interaction, intelligent control and decision-making artificial intelligence technology. Accelerate unmanned,
virtual reality, 3D Print, block chain, man-machine fusion technology research and innovation in the field of computing.
Special column 1 :software " Casting the soul " engineering
- - First to the layout of the development of intelligent software. Intelligent software to seize
the lead position around the strategic goals, breaking the virtual resource scheduling, data storage,
processing, analysis of massively parallel, distributed memory computing, lightweight container
management, visualization cloud computing and big data technologies, as well as virtual reality,
augmented reality , block chain technology. Support machine learning, deep learning, knowledge maps, audio-visual computer
--109--
Identification, recognition complex environment, new human-computer interaction, natural language
understanding, intelligent control and decision-making, intelligence and other brain-development and
industrialization of key technologies, to promote the development and application of artificial intelligence in depth.
Special column 2 : IT services capabilities jumped project
- - The development of new service model to the new format. Innovative software-defined service new
ideas, encourage the development of a new generation of IT-driven information technology services new
format. Integration of resources, to support key enterprises for artificial intelligence, virtual reality and
augmented reality and other fields, the key technology to enhance service capacity of the container, block
chain, development and integration of operations, accelerating the development of new types of service
models and formats to facilitate information service sharing and use of resources. Relying on the national
new industrialization demonstration base (Software and Information Services) and industrial park, and organized for " Internet +
2016 year 12 State Council issued " " Thirteen

State council First, the development and situation
month 15 day Five " Notice of the (b) development of the situation.
National Information " Thirteen Five " Period of profound change, facing the development of the global information
Technology Plan " environment, conditions and content taking place. Internationally, the world economic recovery twists and
turns in depth adjustment, the sluggish growth of global trade remains in the doldrums, the number of labor
force growth slows, increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints, geopolitical game more
Guo Fa [ 2016 ] intense in some areas, global issues and challenges continue to increase, human society urgent need for
73 number the development of information technology has reached an unprecedented level. At the same time, the
global information entered penetration, cross-border integration, accelerate innovation, to lead a new stage
of development. Significantly reduce IT innovation intergenerational cycle of innovation and vitality, the
combined effect of the release of fission and application potential, faster, broader and deeper to trigger a
new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution. Things, cloud computing, big data and
artificial intelligence, machine learning depth, block chain, bio-genetic engineering and other new
technology-driven evolution from cyberspace to the Internet for all things Internet, digital, networked,
intelligent service will be everywhere . The real world and the digital world meets the growing integration of
the global governance system is facing profound changes. The global economy generally to accelerate IT
innovation, maximize the release of the digital dividend, as a response " After the financial crisis " Age
increase instability and uncertainty, deepening the key engine of sustainable development and promote structural reforms.
--110--
Appendix 3: Excerpt local policies related to the industry and block chain
table 2 Beijing's main policy comb block chain
Date issued issued a document file name Unit The main contents of the file
2017 year 10 Beijing Shijingshan Beijing Shijingshan Third, the implementation " Seven services to enhance project "
month 31 day District People's District People's (C) the integration of engineering services platform
Government on the Government 3. Promote smart and convenient service terminal. Application of large data blocks chains and
issuance of " " Shijingshan artificial intelligence technology, to promote the development and application of new media platforms and
Service " action plan online service hall and other service functions, optimizing the service experience, improve service
(2017-2020) " performance. open up twenty four Hour self-service area, gradually advancing part of enterprises involved
announcement of in service around the clock to achieve self-handling issues. The positive application of intelligent data analysis techniques, expl
2017 year 9 month On the issuance of Zhongguancun Chapter II supports Internet-based technology to lead the development of new
15 day "<Zhongguancun Science Park financial support for the first target and support content
National Innovation Management Committee Article support the use of Internet technology to build a platform to provide financing, payments,
Demonstration Zone to investment and information services and other innovative financial intermediary services business, as well
promote technological as in the financial field of artificial intelligence, big data, block chain, quantitative investment, finance and
innovation and other cutting-edge smart technology development and application of science and technology financial
development of the enterprises to enter the Internet banking functional areas.
depth of integration of Article VII of financial support technology companies in their implementation of artificial intelligence,
financial support fund big data, block chain, quantitative investment, finance and other cutting-edge intelligent technology
management approach> Implementing Rules (Trial)"demonstration

in application or presentation services. For approved by the headquarters of financial
institutions or financial regulatory agencies, demonstration and application or presentation services
significant effect of the project, according to the technology contract to provide services financial technology
company signed with financial institutions or financial regulators, exhibitions agreement or purchase agreement amount 30% S
Million.
2017 year 9 month On the issuance of the Beijing Municipal To promote the financial supply-side structural reforms, to develop green finance, is now on the
11 day "Implementation Finance Bureau, implementation of People's Bank of China and other seven ministries "Guidance on Building Green
Measures on green Beijing Municipal Financial System" (YF [ 2016 ] 228 No.), proposes the following measures for implementation. Fifth, the
building capital of the Development and development of green financial technology. Use of the Internet, big data, cloud computing and other
financial system," the Reform technical means to improve the operational capacity of financial institutions in the green project financing,
Commission, the asset pricing, resource allocation and risk management. Development of green financial information
Beijing Municipal infrastructure based block chain, improve financial green project security level. (Organizers: The Municipal
Finance Bureau, Finance Bureau, the People's Bank Business Management Department, according to the Haidian District Government is respo
Beijing Municipal
Environmental
Protection Bureau,
People's Bank of
China Business
Management
Department, China
Insurance Regulatory Commission Beijing Office, China Banking Regulatory Commission
--111--
Authority members
will be Beijing,
China Securities
Regulatory
Commission Beijing Office
2017 year 4 month On the issuance of Zhongguancun The second chapter support content and standards
6 day "Zhongguancun Science Park Section supports Internet-based technology to lead the development of new financial support
National Innovation Management Committee Article IX of financial technology companies to provide services for financial regulators and financial
Demonstration Zone to institutions to carry out artificial intelligence, block chain, quantitative investment, finance and other
promote technological cutting-edge intelligent technology demonstration applications, improve financial efficiency and
innovation and convenience of the service. According to financial technology company signed with financial regulators
development of the and financial institutions technology contract or purchase agreement amount 30% Give companies
depth of integration of financial support, individual projects up to an amount not exceeding 500 Million.
financial support fund management approach"
2017 year 1 month Beijing Municipal Beijing Municipal First, to accelerate the development of producer services
13 day People's Government People's Government (A) innovation and development of the financial services industry. Actively docking national financial
on the issuance of reform and development strategy, efforts to enhance the financial services market, international level.
"Beijing " Thirteen Five " Notice Follow the market-oriented reforms, the international development trend of the yuan to promote the
period of modern construction of national science and technology center of financial innovation, and actively develop
industrial development international financial services industry. Encouraging traditional financial service innovation, and strive to do
and planning function a good job " Line 3 will be " And banking, securities, insurance and other financial institutions, docking, the
key construction zone " development of asset management and other specialized agencies, insurance companies encourage group
development, professional operation. Promote private equity products, pricing and service innovation and
development of the system SME share transfer system between the national, regional equity markets,
institutions. Actively and steadily develop new industry of Internet banking, consumer finance, factoring and
other business, promote inclusive finance digital development, build a green financial system, to explore block chain and other
2016 year 12 "Beijing " Thirteen Five " Financial

Beijing Municipal The block chain classified as a technology of the Internet banking
month sector development Finance Bureau and
plan "period Beijing Municipal
Development and Reform Commission
2016 year 8 Month "Beijing gold Beijing Municipal Mentioned in the document, " To promote financial development environment construction in
Financial Bureau Finance Bureau Beijing, facilitated the establishment of the Zhongguancun block Chain Alliance "
2016 Annual
Performance Task "
--112--
table 3 Shanghai major policy comb block chain
Date of dispatch authorities issued a document file name main content
2018 year 1 month Shanghai Science and Shanghai Science First, the scope of the topic collection Third, energy technology direction 5 Energy Internet
twenty two day Technology Commission and Technology Commission

technology development and application of key research objectives: energy systems for urban level
of Shanghai on release difference between peak serious imbalance between supply and demand, the multivariate
2018 year " Technology synergistically poor, energy security and other issues, breaking part of the application and the
Innovation Action Plan " Inform localization of key equipment intelligent energy Internet technology development, enhance the
the field of social demand for energy efficiency and demand-side management level, ensure energy security of the
development projects city's major load centers, to build the most complete city-level elements of the energy sharing
Guide platform interoperability demonstration area to achieve 5% Load shifting target cities around energy.
Contents: multiple types based on the load demand side response from the application and
adaptation of technology; pluripotent cooperative control region and the depth of integration technology
and its application; with the load is an important safety and optimal scheduling techniques use; Block
Chain for energy; Green Power quality evaluation of core technology; energy technology research and
development of key equipment such as a router.
Implementation period: 2021 year 6 month 30 Recently completed.
2018 year 1 month Shanghai Municipal Shanghai Municipal Ten, co-ordinate educational resources to promote information technology education
17 day Education Commission Education Commission 36. Integration of information technology to promote education and teaching depth education.
on the issuance of " 2018 Shanghai Develop implementation of educational information 2.0 construction plan. Promotion of schools at all
Municipal Education levels to carry out the wisdom of the overall design and construction of the campus as a whole, to
Commission of the main promote the depth of integration and normalization of the application of information technology and
points, "the notice education. Launched a pilot basis for the construction of the experimental school of information
technology education and nurture future school. Promote education model based on artificial
intelligence applications and block chain technology. Digital textbooks to promote the study and
formulate implementation. Compulsory school attendance registration system upgrade, to start junior
high school students comprehensive evaluation information management system construction quality.
Continue to enhance the ability of teachers teaching information technology projects to enhance
information literacy teachers. Promote the full use of primary and secondary special education curriculum resources and onl
2017 year 6 month Shanghai Xuhui District Shanghai Xuhui A second part of the boot
6 day People's Government District People's Government directory, modern services (a)
Office on Forwarding Information services
District Development and 2. Software development. Infrastructure software, high-end information services support software,
Reform Commission to application software, information security software, computer systems, product design, manufacturing
develop a "key process management and control, energy conservation and other industrial control software,
industries, Xuhui District, virtualization management, a new generation of intelligent search vast amounts of information, data
guide directory ( 2017 Version) mining, cloud integration platform to support applications running cloud computing software, block chain technology-related p
"notice
2017 year 4 May Shanghai Internet Internet Shanghai Allegedly it is the first block chain of Internet financial industry self-regulatory rules, in order to
Financial Industry Finance Association better guide, regulate and promote the use of Internet financial industry block chain technology serve
Association released the "Internet the real economy; the same year, Shanghai intelligence Industrial Park landed China's first block chain
--113--
Financial institutions Incubators - " Sky block chain incubators " , And settled there " Zhongguancun block chain collaborative
block chain technology industry alliance Shanghai Innovation Center " with " Shanghai hosted equity trading center in Shanghai
practitioners self-rule " intelligence Industrial Park incubator "
2017 year 3 May Baoshan District, Shanghai Shanghai Baoshan He referred to the tracking service Miaohang incubator building block chain and financial
People's Government District People's Government

evaluation of the Internet Songnan Shanghai Center Construction
issued " 2017 In Baoshan
District Financial
Services Highlights "notice
2016 year 12 Shanghai Municipal Shanghai Municipal annex 1 :

month 30 day Economic and Economic and 2017 Annual information technology development special fund (big data development) Support
Information Technology Commission

Information
regarding
Technology
the development
Commission
Project Guide
of 2017
Notification annual First, the key technology innovation applications
Shanghai Municipal 3. Big data computing architecture innovation. It supports large data mimicry of one machine
Informatization architecture developed to further enhance research service capabilities. Support for self-control block
development funds (big chain key technology research and development, the formation of block chain infrastructure and solutions.
data development) project application work Third, the large data model application
9. Financial risk control. Through the Internet and other telecommunications and data source
integration, to achieve intelligent early warning of financial risk analysis and investment decisions
based on big data. Implement application block chain technology in financial trading and clearing transactions in the field.
2016 year 12 Shanghai Municipal Shanghai Municipal annex:

month 28 day Economic and Economic and 2017 In Shanghai, the software and IC industry development funds program guide
Information Technology Commission

Information
regarding
Technology
the development
Commissionof 2017
Annual Shanghai The first field of a part of the software and information
software and IC industry services, industry category (c) new products and
development special technology development and industrialization
fund project declaration 7 The key block chain block chain technology development and industrialization of key
notice technologies R & D infrastructure encryption algorithm, a consensus module, transaction processing
module, transaction module pool, simple contract or contracts intelligent modules, embedded database
processing module, and support for open-source block chain Community Building.
2016 year 6 month Shanghai Economic Shanghai Municipal annex 1 :

6 day Information Committee Economic and 2016 Annual Shanghai second batch of information technology development funds (big data
regarding the Information Technology Commission

development) Project Guide
development of 2016 Annual Second, the platform and carrier construction
notice the second batch 3. based on Spark / Hadoop And other open source big data infrastructure software platform,
of Shanghai Municipal big data storage, calculation and analysis of one-stop service, as well as the block chain technology
Informatization innovation projects.
development funds (big data development) project application work
--114--
table 4 Tianjin main policy comb block chain
2018 year 4 month Tianjin Municipal Tianjin Municipal Second, the main task (c) to promote industrial
9 day People's Government People's Government supporting capacity building.
on deepening " Internet 1 . Technology research and strengthen research standards. promote IPv6 Key Technology
+ Advanced Manufacturing " Research and safe and reliable mechanism of core technology research, to carry out time-sensitive
Development of the network, deterministic network, low-power industrial wireless networks and other new networking
Internet industry technologies and analytical, information management, interoperability of heterogeneous identity and other industrial Internet i
executive opinion (Fifth generation mobile communications), software-defined network edge computing, artificial
intelligence, augmented reality, virtual application technology research and exploration in the reality of
the Internet industry, the block chain. Encourage the relevant city agencies, national industrial enterprises
to actively participate in the development of Internet standards and test verification work. (Municipal
Science and Technology Commission, led the city of Industry and Information Technology Commission,
City Communications Authority, the Municipal Committee and other departments responsible for market supervision by the di
2017 year 11 Tianjin People's Tianjin Municipal Second, enhance the effective supply of consumer information
month 20 day Government on the People's Government (Vii) to enhance the IT service capabilities. To promote large-scale enterprises to establish
issuance of notice Internet-based " Double hit " Platform to expand R & D, design, production, management and new service
"Tianjin to further model, promoting open sharing platform resources to provide specialized information services for the
expand and upgrade whole community. Promote public service platform for small and medium micro enterprises, the formation
information of business collaboration, cooperation and development, create a win-win model of new information
consumption plan" services. Foster a number of small and micro enterprises to enhance innovation and entrepreneurship
demonstration bases, promote the construction of demonstration bases to enhance the level of hardware
and software to guide entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration base platform, ecological
development of small and micro enterprises. Integrated development of information technology
integration services, encourage the use of open source software to develop personalized, pilot
applications based on the new technology block chain, artificial intelligence, and accelerate the
development of location-based services, social networking services, digital services and content
intelligence applications. Encourage enterprises to strengthen cooperation and encourage consulting,
development, training, technical support and service. (City Committee of Industry and Information Technology, City Developm
2017 year 11 Inform the Tianjin Tianjin Commission of First, the direction and standards support
month 6 day Commission of Commerce, Tianjin (B) the wisdom to build supply chain platform to improve the efficiency of supply chain
Commerce, Tianjin Finance Bureau collaboration platform for spot trading in commodities, commodity wholesale and retail, supply chain,
Finance Bureau on professional services and other key areas, support large number of market influence, scale ranks the
efforts to build supply forefront of the industry, the supply chain commodities, wholesale, new retail, pharmaceutical,
chain and project automotive, fresh and comprehensive retail distribution companies has important implications for the
management of funds downstream business, shopping district and wisdom, the end of the distribution, supply chain
professional services firm for the implementation of the body, through the use of large data objects
networking, cloud computing, chain blocks, artificial intelligence, etc., innovation circulation model to improve the efficiency o
2017 year 10 Tianjin Commission of Tianjin Commission of First, the project construction and support content
month 12 day Commerce, Tianjin Commerce, Tianjin (B) the wisdom to build supply chain platform to improve the efficiency of supply chain
Finance Bureau Off Finance Bureau collaboration in heavy commodity spot trading platform, wholesale retail, supply chain and other professional services
--115--
Notify the People's Point areas, support large number of market influence, scale ranks the forefront of the industry, has an
Republic of China important impact on companies throughout the supply chain of commodities, wholesale, new retail,
Ministry of Commerce pharmaceutical, automotive, fresh and comprehensive retail distribution companies, as well as wisdom
Web site to carry out district, the distribution end, enterprise supply chain professional services for the implementation of the
the supply chain main body, by using a large data, networking, cloud computing, block chains, artificial intelligence, etc.,
system to declare the innovative flow model to improve the efficiency of supply chain collaboration.
work of construction projects
2017 year 8 month Tianjin market and Tianjin market and Third, the task (c) specification for
31 day quality Regulatory quality Supervision user signature
Commission issued and Administration Commission Full electronic registration of companies to implement the audit in-one system, the registration
"Municipal Market audit personnel to obtain qualification through authorized assume direct responsibility for the full
Supervision electronic registration audit behavior. Enterprise application materials for registration staff full electronic
Commission Opinion registration system submitted online audit opinion signed by block chain based encryption technology
on the implementation of deemed valid electronic signature registration staff, saved as electronic data files, operating system,
of full electronic do traces of management, traceability , can be found to ensure that all aspects of full electronic safe and reliable.
business registration work," the notice
2017 year 6 month Tianjin Municipal Tianjin Municipal Second, the main task (c) promote the integration of
9 day People's Government People's Government Office information technology applications
on Forwarding Industry 3 . Promoting information technology services. Around the key areas of government, finance,
and Information energy, transportation, environmental protection, production safety, e-commerce, digital content, improve
Technology Committee, information technology consulting and design service companies, software development, integration
notify the municipal implementation, operation and maintenance, and testing and validation capabilities. Support the future of
development and television, and other key business days weir technology for artificial intelligence, virtual reality and
reform commission augmented reality and other fields, the key technology to enhance service capacity of the container,
proposed "Tianjin to block chain, development and integration of operations, accelerating the development of new types of
implement the national service models and formats to promote the sharing and use of information services resources.
information industry development guide plan" (Organizers: The City of Industry and Information Commission, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municip
table 5 Chongqing major policy comb block chain
2017 year 11 Chongqing Economic Chongqing Proposed to 2020 Years, and strive to build the city 2-5 Blocks chain industry base, the initial
month and Information Economic and formation of the domestic industry Heights important block chain and innovative applications base.
Technology Information Technology Commission
Commission issued
the "Opinions on
Accelerating the block
chain industry training and innovative applications."
2017 year 8 month Chongqing Chongqing A Construction Content
18 day Municipal Municipal Commission of Commerce

(A) to promote the standardization of logistics, supply chain facilitate downstream convergence.
Commission of 3. Logistics chain information data unit normalization. Unicode-based global support for
Commerce on exploring identity ( GS1 ) Tray bar code and product code, codes related case, adapter unit code
notice to carry out the construction supply chain system

stream,
of pre-declaration
pushing pallets, containers from the packaging unit to a data unit
--116--
And data node development, application networking, big data and artificial intelligence, the block chain,
and other advanced technology to promote supply chain interaction information data transmission and
smooth platform for stakeholders; exploring to optimize the production, distribution, sales management
data unit, into business value and promote cost efficiency and to meet the different needs of different
users of goods and service experience.
(C) the construction of an important product traceability system, improve supply chain product
quality assurance capabilities.
Logistics chain for the channel, take advantage of networking and other advanced technology
and equipment to promote products from the origin, distribution center to sell to the whole chain
traceability, facilitate traceability chain and logistics chain integration.
1 . Support tracing system construction information is based on innovative applications of
technology. In two-dimensional code, radio frequency identification ( RFID ), Video recognition, block
chains, GS1 Etc. retrospective application of technological innovation as the core, to promote the meat,
vegetables, dairy products and other important product traceability system construction, docking
upstream and downstream traceability information, to improve the intelligence unit and the accuracy of
traceability information collection and transmission, and upload traceability information, and product
sources to be investigated, whereabouts can be traced, the quality can be estimated, liability may investigate, convenient co
2017 year 8 month Chongqing Chongqing Third, major tasks and key projects (b) establish a unified
15 day Municipal People's Municipal People's Government and open data architecture big column 2 Big Data
Government on the issuance of "Chongqing Development Project
" Thirteen Five " Notification Development of Big Data technologies. Development of mass data storage, deep learning block chain,
of information machine learning, and other cutting-edge technology flow calculation; apply traction to cultivate and
technology planning " develop a large data acquisition and integration, large data analysis and mining, large-aware data
exchange, based on semantic appreciated data resource management platform products, research and
development with industry big data retrieval features, analysis, display and other technology products,
forming a vertical field of large mature data solutions and services.
table 6 Guangdong Province, the main policy comb block chain
2018 year 4 month Guangdong Provincial Guangdong Third, the safeguard measures (c) to
8 day People's Government Provincial People's Government Office

strengthen pilot demonstration.
on the issuance of Guangzhou to promote the creation of a national information consumption model city, accelerate the
"Guangdong Province construction of Shenzhen, Foshan and other countries information consumption model city, build the
to expand and Pearl River Delta information consumption model city parks. In artificial intelligence, the block chain
upgrade information applications, the new digital home, entertainment, e-commerce, intelligent education, intelligent
consumer embodiment ( 2018-2020 medical, intelligent transportation and other fields, the implementation of a number of consumer
Year) "notice information pilot projects, the formation of radiating effect. Consumer experience organizing information
activities to promote information consumption model city, experience the results of demonstration platform, demonstration pr
2018 year 3 month State Taxation Bureau State Taxation Fourth, the innovation pipeline and expand the tax net
30 day of Shenzhen City, Bureau of Shenzhen (Xii) general promotion of electronic invoices. Vigorously promote electronic invoicing, based
Shenzhen Local Taxation City, Shenzhen City, local taxes

block chain technology, exploring electronic invoicing application for small-scale VAT threshold or less
--117--
Bureau notice on Bureau Mold taxpayer to provide value-added tax invoices ordinary electronic services for online issuance and
the issuance of tax inspection.
optimization of the
business environment a number of measures
2018 year 3 month Guangzhou Municipal Guangzhou Third, focus on the development and direction of the field
twenty two day People's Government Municipal People's Government - - New generation of information technology industries: the new display, integrated
on the issuance of the circuits, new generation of information and communication, the underlying hardware, the Internet
"Guangzhou City to industry, Internet of Things and car Things, cloud computing and big data, Internet and software
speed up IAB Industrial services, information technology services, and a new generation of quantum communication, block chain, terahertz and so o
development five-year
plan of action ( 2018-2022
Year) "notice
2018 year 3 month Guangdong Guangdong Second, the key tasks (c) to strengthen
20 day Provincial People's Provincial People's Government Office

industry support.
Government of 1 . Strengthen key common technology research and development support. New networking
Guangdong Province technology research network time-sensitive, deterministic network, low-power industrial wireless network,
on Issuing deepen " Internet + Advanced Manufacturing

and" accelerate 5G Research application software-defined networking technology in the industry in the
Inform the Internet. accelerate IPv6 And other core technology research, promoting edge computing, artificial
development of the intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality emerging cutting-edge technology, the block chain
Internet industry applications in industrial research and explore the Internet. (Science and Technology Department,
and the Economic and Information Technology Commission, local-level listing the People's Government)
implementation of programs supporting policy measures
2018 year 3 Shenzhen City Economic months Shenzhen Block chain is one area of support, in terms of investment, the amount of subsidy of no more
Trade and Information Economic and than a single project 200 Million to finance an amount not exceeding the total investment projects 30% .
Technology Trade and Information Technology Commission
Commission issued a
document "Municipal
Economic and Trade
Commission
information about the
organization and
implementation of
strategic emerging industries in Shenzhen City, a new generation of information technology, information security special 2018
In the second batch
of aid scheme
notice "
2018 year 1 month Huangpu District of Huangpu District of Second, the main task around IAB Leading the field of industrial development and direction of the
9 day Guangzhou Municipal Guangzhou implementation of 8 Major projects: (iv) the depth of integration application engineering. encourage IAB
People's Government Municipal People's Enterprises to develop Internet, cloud computing, big data, block chain technology to support
Office, the Office of the Government Office cross-border integration. deepen IAB
Guangzhou Development Zone

of theOff
Guangzhou Development
Field penetration
Zone Management
integration,
Committee
to create the country's leading, world-class industrial city of the Internet,
--118--
To speed up IAB Carry out intelligent manufacturing demonstration, smart pilot plant cultivation, construction of national " +
Opinions industrial Intelligent Intelligent Manufacturing Services " Industrial base and leading global Intelligent
development Manufacturing demonstration area. Play IT, artificial intelligence in the perception of social situation,
lines of communication open, the important role of science in decision-making aid, focusing on
deepening the application in the field of urban transport, environment, public safety and public
administration. Vigorously promote information technology applications in the fields of justice,
education, health care, community services and other artificial intelligence, to enhance resource sharing and business collab
(Viii) the effectiveness of speed project approvals. Play a role in the national, provincial
administrative examination and approval reform pilot demonstration area, to create for IAB Industry
thematic approval highway. Cleanup investment examination and approval, optimize parallel processing
methods to promote trust approval, instant approval, does not meet the approval to build online approval " Intermediary
service supermarket " . use " Internet + " , Block chain of new technology to create " One-window type network "
Government services. The implementation of the main commercial establishment " Yung lack of
registration " , Full electronic commercial registration management Instant gone through. Business
integration, public security, customs, entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments related to housing fund and other car
" A photo one yard " Business license mutual recognition of exchange in various fields.
2017 year 12 "Huangpu District of Guangzhou Guangzhou government on the introduction of the first block chain industry support policies, is
month Guangzhou City, Municipal People's Government

expected to increase each year 2 Financial investment of about billion.
Guangzhou
Development Zone,
the promotion of industrial development block chain approach"
2017 year 10 About conduct Shenzhen City I. Awards

month 31 day 2017 Annual Finance Office The above types of awards selection can shortfall, but the number can not break through. (B)
notification Financial Technology Special Awards. The main award for innovative applications based block chain, big
Shenzhen Financial data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, science and technology, have excellent project significant
Innovation Award role in promoting financial services for the optimization of processes, improve financial business model,
and the Special improve risk prevention screening capability.
Award for reporting financial technology work
2017 year 10 Notice of Shenzhen Shenzhen Financial General Provisions
month 12 day Municipal People's Development Article Shenzhen Financial Innovation Awards reward to optimize the allocation of financial
Government Services Office resources, improve the financial market system, improve financial services, financial guarantee safe
Financial operation, promote production and finance closely as the features conducive to inclusive finance,
Development technology finance, green products, technology, tools, service innovation, and financial management
Services Office on methods, means and mechanisms of innovation and development finance, industry and finance.
the issuance of Financial Technology Special Awards reward outstanding innovative projects in digital currency
"Shenzhen block chain, finance and other fields of use of big data.
Financial Innovation Award Special Award of Science and Technology

Chapter IIIand
to declare
financialthe
measures"
project and conditions
Article XVIII The following items can declare financial technology Special Awards: (a) based on
block chain, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence technology and innovative technology
applications.
(B) the last two years to complete the development and market launch 1 Year or more, to
optimize the financial service processes, improve financial business model to improve the anti-risk screening
--119--
Fan capacity and other significant role in promoting; strong on innovation, has achieved remarkable
economic and social benefits of the project in the short term, time limits may be relaxed, but must be
introduced to the market 6 Months.
(C) meet compliance requirements related to financial business development, improve risk
control measures.
(D), has a role in promoting science and technology development Shenzhen and Hong Kong
financial institutions and their employees related to the research and development, and recognized by
the Hong Kong Monetary Authority outstanding finance technological innovation projects.
2017 year 9 month Notice of Shenzhen Shenzhen Municipal First, adhere to service-oriented, optimize the financial environment policy (four) full " Financial
25 day Municipal People's People's Government Innovation Award and the Special Award for Financial Technology " Innovation incentives. Financial
Government on the Innovation Awards give recognition and reward for a year of financial products and services,
issuance of "Shenzhen, innovation and remarkable achievements of financial firms, financial regulators and associated
a number of measures personnel. Financial Innovation Award first prize 5 , Bonus each 100 Million; second prize 10
to support financial sector development," the , Bonus each 50 Million; third prize 15 , Bonus each 30 Million; Excellence Award 20 , Bonus each 15 Million;
promote financial innovation award 2 , Bonus each 100
Million reward innovation and supervision of financial regulators, control the total annual bonus
1950 Million or less; financial technology ( Fintech ) Special Awards, focusing on rewarding outstanding
projects in the block chain, digital currency, financial and other fields of use of big data, the annual
award amount in control 600 Ten thousand yuan or less.
After selection, more than the number of all kinds of awards shortfall can not be a
breakthrough. Municipal Finance Office, led the development of a separate Financial Innovation
Awards Special Award of Science and Technology and financial measures, after the municipal government for approval.
2017 year 6 month Huangpu District of Huangpu District of Article 9] set up to encourage cluster development 100 One hundred million yuan venture capital
twenty three day Guangzhou Municipal Guangzhou fund of funds, in accordance with " Government guidance and market operation, scientific
People's Government Municipal People's decision-making, risk prevention " In principle, select venture capital fund of funds cooperation through the
Office, the Office of the Government of establishment of sub-funds, and guide social capital to invest in technology companies and joint strategic emerging industrie
Guangzhou Guangzhou Development Zone Management

Encourage Committee
artificial intelligence, block chain, quantitative investment, finance and other
Development Zone financial intelligent technology demonstration and application of cutting-edge technology to enhance
Management core competitiveness, in accordance with the purchase agreement or the actual amount of technology
Committee on the contracts occurred 30% Subsidies, the maximum subsidy per project 500 Million.
issuance of "Huangpu
District of Guangzhou
City, Guangzhou Development Zone to promote the development of venture capital approach"
2017 year 5 month Economic Trade and Shenzhen annex 1
11 day Information Economic and Shenzhen major science and technology projects Industry 2017 (Eight) years to support
Technology Trade and Information Technologythe plan to declare a guide, focusing on areas of Financial Technology
Commission
Commission of
Shenzhen, Shenzhen Focusing on application block chain products in the financial sector; to support the
on organization and development of Internet financial services platform to meet different application scenarios of financial
implementation of services (excluding P2P Finance); support the establishment of financial service system phasor
major science and combination of online and offline; support the development of safe and efficient online payment, mobile payment, cross-bord
technology projects Industry 2017 Notice of Support program
--120--
2017 year 5 month Guangdong Provincial Guangdong Fourth, to stimulate new vitality factors of production flow (13) to improve the flow of intelligence
10 day People's Government Provincial People's Government

gathering
Office mechanism elements of cross-border integration create a favorable atmosphere for the
General Office, "the growth of the research team. Innovative institutional mechanisms, institutions and disciplines
State Council on breakthrough management restrictions, artificial intelligence, block chain, energy Internet, intelligent
Innovation manufacturing, large data applications, genetic engineering, digital and creative cross-integration
Management fields, to build a number of industrial innovation centers and innovation networks. The completion of a
optimization services number of international standards, highlighting the interdisciplinary and collaborative research and
fostering the growth of innovation base, focus on promoting cross-border integration of disruptive innovation. (National
new momentum to Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences an
accelerate the
economic development of old and new converts kinetic energy continue opinions" notice
2017 year 4 month Guangdong Provincial Guangdong Second, the key tasks (viii) the promotion of
6 day People's Government Provincial People's Government Office

industrial development of large data
Office on the issuance 2 . Big Data technologies to accelerate innovation and industrialization. Implement " Cloud
of "Pearl River Delta Computing and Big Data Management Technology " Major science and technology, strengthen data
National collection, storage, collation, analysis, excavation, show, technology and applications in areas such as
Comprehensive data software and hardware product development and industrialization. Major breakthroughs deep learning,
test area construction brain-like computing, cognitive computing, block chain, key cutting-edge virtual reality technology, and
plan" the development of key industries, business processes and data applications demand the depth of
integration of big data solutions. Implement " National Natural Science Foundation of China - the
People's Government of Guangdong Province Big Data Science Research Center Project " To carry out
basic research in the field of intelligent transportation, geological environment, disaster prevention and intelligence, financial
Before the end of the year, Big Data key generic technologies a major breakthrough, the formation of
large data hardware and software products a batch of internationally competitive. (Provincial Department
of Science and Technology, Development and Reform Commission, Economic and Information Technology Commission)
2016 year 11 Shenzhen Financial Shenzhen City Mentioned in the document, " Support for financial institutions to strengthen research and
month Office issued the Finance Office exploration on the block chain emerging technologies, such as digital currency. "
"Shenzhen financial
industry " Thirteen Five
" planning"
2016 year 9 month Guangzhou City Guangzhou City Third, the industrial development-oriented (V) to the emerging financial 2025 Years, gather a
30 day Industry and Industry and group of emerging financial strength of the leading enterprises, built a number of excellent brand
Information Information Technology Committee

new platform for financial services, financial ability to support new industrial development increased
Technology significantly, driving the regional building industry to establish a sound new financial system,
Committee on become an important the new financial services center.
Printing Complex
Internet industry - - Block chain. The introduction and cultivation in a distributed block chain research and
innovation cluster area development plan ( 2016-2025development, application scenarios, computer systems integration, data processing and other business
Years) Notification enterprises settled in the region to support enterprises to increase investment in R & D block chain
technology, strong financial transaction settlement related to the layout block chain technology, and
actively explore the application of the block chain technology in the financial sector, businesses in the
region to accelerate the clearing and settlement of financial capital, improve the security of private financial system.
--121--
table 7 Jiangsu Province, major policy comb block chain
2017 year 12 Suzhou High Speed The first open to the public 15 Blocks chain scenarios, and publish 9 Article support policies to
month Rail Metro attract businesses and people settled in the block chain.
2017 year 11 Notification Nantong Nantong Municipal Third, safeguards
month twenty two day Municipal People's People's Government Office

(Ii) strengthen the use of science and technology. Encourages financial institutions to the Internet, block
Government Office of chain, distributed, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence technology to improve the capacity
the six departments and level of financial institutions in the green project finance, asset pricing, resource allocation, risk
forwarded Nantong management and security, etc.
Branch Banking and
other "Implementation
Opinions on
Accelerating the
development of green
financial support for the construction of ecological civilization city," the
2017 year 2 Nanjing Municipal month Clearly put forward a number of new technologies to make the block chain to form a
Government issued breakthrough and practical application.
"on the issuance of the
municipal government
office " Thirteen Five " Notify
the wisdom of Nanjing
Development Plan "
table 8 Zhejiang major policy comb block chain
2018 year 3 month Yuhang District of The establishment of a global bank block chain hung ten billion innovation fund, fund size up 100
Hangzhou City, the future of

Billion
technology
yuan to support the development of enterprise and talent of the block chain.
2018 year 2 month Hangzhou Municipal Hangzhou Second, the general requirements (ii) strategic positioning. Around the building " Made in China 2025
14 day People's Government ' Core

Municipal People's Government area objectives and requirements of the demonstration zone, focusing on strategic play a
Office
Office on the issuance leading role in four areas: global future industrial development area in advance, national " Manufacturing
of "Chi-made large power " with " Power network " Two strategic integration of leading the development zone in Hangzhou
Hangzhou East Bay Economic Zone intelligent manufacturing leading District, Hangzhou Yong Jiang collaborative
Corridor Development innovation development zone.
Plan" -- The world's future industrial development first district. Grasp the trend of technological
change and industrial development, focus on the future, advance planning, forward-looking layout,
focus on targeting the emerging field of a number of first-mover advantage, development potential of
artificial intelligence, quantum technology, biotechnology and life sciences, the block chain, increase
support efforts to improve the environment, build the future industrial development of the first area has a global influence.
Third, the main task (a) to build joint development of
spatial pattern.
--122--
2. A high level of construction " Two districts " . ( 1 ) Riverside wisdom made the new district.
Integration and optimization of Hangzhou Hi-tech Development Zone (Riverside), River of industrial
parks (Riverside National High-tech Zone), Xiaoshan Economic Development Zone, Qianjiang Century
City and other platform focused on the south bank of Qiantang River, Hangzhou Hi-tech Development
Zone to strengthen the (Riverside) in the next generation leading the field of information technology
leading role, east radiation to form innovative research and development, industrial spatial pattern of
industry cloud services, international exhibition, logistics and intelligence, advanced manufacturing, to
develop a new generation of information technology, automobile and new energy vehicles, high-end
equipment manufacturing and other emerging industry and artificial intelligence, virtual reality, block
chain, quantum technology, commercial aerospace and other future industries, to create intelligent manufacturing area with
3. Enhance the development of key industries platform. ( 5 ) Xiaoshan Economic Development
Zone. Including City, North, bridge, AgroSciences block and Xiaoshan City and other science and
technology, planning and construction area of about 79 Square kilometers, about the existing industrial
land can be developed 14 Square kilometers. Strengthen internal integration and promotion, focusing on
the development of new energy vehicles and parts, electronic information, industrial robots and other
industries, accelerate the use of advanced manufacturing technologies to upgrade chemical fiber, textile,
steel and other traditional industries and actively develop quantum technology, artificial intelligence,
blocks the future of the industry chain, to build advanced manufacturing cluster areas and intelligent
manufacturing demonstration area. Speed up industrial parks and high-end manufacturing industrial park
building blocks AgroSciences fiber and new materials to build national fiber-end industrial clusters
demonstration area and national new-type industrialization (equipment manufacturing) industry
demonstration base. To 2020 Years, doing manual gauge added value reached 140 Billion yuan, the
regulation of high-tech industry accounts for the proportion of industrial added value reached 60% So, the
industrial added value reached per mu 100 Yuan / mu; to 2025 In doing manual added value reached
Regulation 160 Billion yuan, the regulation of high-tech industry accounts for the proportion of industrial added value reache
(C) to develop new manufacturing industrial system.
2. Plan for the future development of the industry forward. Aimed at global technology and
industry trends, focusing on seven future planning industry of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, block
chain, quantum technologies, additive manufacturing, commercial aerospace, biotechnology and life
sciences, to seize the high ground of future competition in the industry.
-- Block chain. Mainly relying on the Hangzhou Hi-tech Development Zone (Riverside),
Xiaoshan Economic Development Zone to accelerate and promote universal chain innovation shaped
city block construction, speed up the block link layer protocol architecture, development and application
of the underlying technology, hardware and other technical consensus algorithm, to create global block
chain development and application of technology iterations and updates, personnel interaction, information sharing platform.
2018 year 2 month Hangzhou People's Hangzhou Third, Chen Xinhua, vice mayor led priorities
8 day Government on the Municipal People's Government Office

47. Development and expansion of bio-medicine, integrated circuits, networking, new energy
issuance of vehicles, high-end equipment manufacturing and other strategic emerging industries, accelerate the
2018 Inform the development of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, block chain, quantum technology, aerospace and other commercial indus
government work Organizers: The City Commission by letter, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, the Municipal Science
report focused on job
responsibilities decomposition
--123--
2017 year 12 Hangzhou Hangzhou A full understanding of the future development of industrial importance and urgency (ii) future
month 20 day Municipal Municipal Government industry has become a new focus of competition. Developed countries have to enhance the layout of the
Government future industry in the field of international competition fiercer than ever before, it has become an
guidance expedite important symbol to measure a country, a region, a city of technological innovation and comprehensive
the implementation strength. Frontiers and global Internet giant manufacturing companies focused their attention on artificial
of future industrial development in Hangzhou intelligence, quantum technology, virtual reality, block chain, additive manufacturing, commercial
aerospace, and accelerate the implementation of technology, industry, strategy " Trinity " with " Flex " Integration
and development. To accelerate economic transformation and upgrading, China has to speed up the
development and deployment of standards development work to cultivate future of the industry, many
domestic provinces and attaches great importance to compete planning, efforts to seize the commanding heights of develop
Second, the general requirements
(Five) basic principles. First, adhere to lead innovation, focus on first. Focused their attention on
the future development trend of the global industry, based in Hangzhou industrial base and comparative
advantage, the layout of the first to explore the forefront in key areas of artificial intelligence, virtual
reality, block chain, quantum technologies, additive manufacturing, commercial aerospace, biotechnology
and life sciences to strengthen the common key industrial technology research and development,
enhance the comprehensive ability of original innovation, accelerate the construction of first-mover
advantage, to achieve high-end leads development. Second, insist on system layout, classification of
facilities strategy. Adhere to industry, project, platform, talent overall planning, overall layout, promote
co-ordination. According to different stages of development and different industries in which the different
characteristics of basic research, technology development, industrial development and industrial
applications, and develop differentiated development strategy, focused, targeted to promote the
implementation of classification. Third, adhere to market-led, government guidance. Outstanding
application-oriented, and give full play the main role in the research and development, technological
innovation and application of scientific and technological achievements industry to accelerate future
commercial applications. Hold the government and the boundary of the market, strengthen the guiding
role of government planning guidance, institution building, policy support, market opening, and other
aspects of the environment to create. Fourth, insist both inside and outside, to create shared. Uphold the
open-source philosophy, promote innovation and research with each body to create shared. Give full play
to regional advantages of the Yangtze River Delta city center, to promote the integration of regional resources and mating m
Third, the main task
(Vii) reinforce the development of basic industries. Cloud computing, big data as an important
infrastructure for future development of the industry to further promote " Cities brain data "" ET Industry
brain " Construction, full implementation " Clouds on business " Further promote cloud computing, big data
technology innovation, industrial development and promote the use of lead the country. Give full play to
cloud computing, big data gathered in the effective and efficient configuration capabilities and the role
of innovation and entrepreneurship elements of resources, technology, services and other industries for
the future development of comprehensive empowerment. Depth implementation " Gigabit Zhaopin " Action to promote the IP
NB-IoT Construction, speed up 5G Commercial research, to seize the next generation standard voice
communication, speed up future industrial application of the results, the full interoperability of intelligent
information infrastructure built is conducive to building and promoting all things Internet. The
implementation of the integrated circuit industry breakthrough development projects, focusing on the focus of things, block c
--124--
Data storage, information security and other high-end ASIC design and industrial areas, the formation of
industrial clustering effect and differentiated new competitive advantages, strengthen the core IC
supporting role for future industrial development. To accelerate and promote the development and
industrialization of core base material information materials, new energy materials, bio-application
materials, nano materials, superconducting materials, new chemical materials, high-performance
structural materials, to provide base support for the breakthrough in the development of future industry.
(Ix) to build high-efficient industrial system. Based on global trends, national strategies and
Hangzhou economic basis of information superiority, accelerating the development of artificial
intelligence, virtual reality, block chain, quantum technologies, additive manufacturing, commercial
aerospace, biotechnology and life sciences with a major leading role in promoting industries of the future
. Targeting the industrial chain, value chain, enhance core base material, key technology and equipment,
software and systems integration support core level. In key industries and key chain, attract a number of
world 500 Companies, industry leaders, well-known research institutions and innovative services, the
implementation of a number of major breakthroughs in key technologies and industrial innovation
projects. Accelerate the transformation and application of key technologies, promoting technology
integration and business model innovation, promote product innovation focus areas, and actively cultivate
new industries of the future format, to create enterprises for the lead, medium and small enterprise
collaboration future industrial development system with international competitiveness. Accelerate future
interactive industry with the industry convergence, extensive pilot demonstration in key industries and
areas of manufacturing, agriculture, commerce, logistics, finance, telecommunications, health care,
education, home, etc., to promote future industrial and technological achievements of large-scale
applications, to enhance the industrial development of high-end, intelligent, green, service level.
(J) to create a positive interaction of industrial development platform. Give full play to the
advantages of independent innovation system innovation demonstration zone and two national
demonstration area of cross-border electricity supplier comprehensive test area to accelerate and
promote the future elements of gathering and optimize the configuration combinations industrial
science and technology, human resources, finance and policy. With " Two corridors and one port " Focus
on building high-tech development zone in Hangzhou, the Hangzhou Economic Development Zone,
Hangzhou Jiangdong industrial parks and other industries the main platform for support to Yunqi town
dream town, Jade fund Shannan town, the Silicon Valley town, future science and technology city of
artificial intelligence town, Castle Lake micro-nano manufacturing town, a small town west valley block
chain, future wisdom made the town Xiaoshan, universal shaped city block chain innovation, the drain
aerospace industrial park and other small features the town as a breakthrough, high standard for
creating and identified a number of future industrial park and municipal feature of the town, and strive
to create a number of national and provincial industrial development platform for the future. Support
and encourage district and county (city) to increase the transformation of existing integration platform to
enhance industrial development efforts, based on their own foundation and advantages, targeted for
future industrial development layout, to promote the development of industry agglomeration
characteristics. Efforts to promote the comprehensive strategic cooperation with domestic and foreign
industries leading enterprises in the future, give full play to the leading role of leading large enterprises, encourage open sha
2017 year 11 Zhejiang Provincial Zhejiang Provincial Sixth, optimization " Four economy " Development support (D) plan to promote a number " Four
month 29 day People's Government Office

People's Government Office economy " Major carriers and major projects.
--125--
On the issuance of Promote major carrier construction science and technology city center of the city, all kinds of industrial
"service industry in Zhejiang Province parks, public a space to promote the mobile Internet, new technologies, big data, cloud computing,
" Four economy " artificial intelligence, networking, block chain transformation and application in the service sector, the
Notification innovation implementation of a plan The new format approved a new model demonstration projects. Speed up the River laboratory con
and development The world's scientific and technological innovation high ground. (Organizers: The Provincial Development
action plan "of and Reform Commission, the Provincial Commission by letter, the Department of Commerce, the Provincial Science and Te
2017 year 9 May Xihu District Government Xihu District Government According to comments, settled enterprises can enjoy rent subsidies, tax incentives, science
Issued "Opinions on and technology achievement awards and personnel policies. Hangzhou has the block chain industry as
West Valley block the focus of future industrial development, the West Lake area is by advance knowledge, supporting
chain to build industrial policies, the establishment of parks and ecological form to build the future of the most important
park (Trial)" industry gathering.
2017 year 8 month Notice Shaoxing Shaoxing Municipal Third, the key tasks (C) to
twenty four day Municipal People's People's Government accelerate the conversion of kinetic energy
Government on the 11 . Promoting Intelligent Manufacturing. Industry Focus 4.O And Chinese manufacturing 2025 To
issuance of "Shaoxing promote " Internet + ' " Big Data + ' " Robot + " And actively cultivate big data, the cloud computing,
City Development networking, block chain, a new generation of information technology, accelerate the construction of
Zone (Industrial Park) national information economy pilot zones, conditional support zone (industrial park) industry to build big
to transform and upgrade the pilot plan" data platform to carry out intelligent manufacturing park pilot implementation million businesses " On the
cloud " Planning and application of industrial robots doubling plan, promote " Machine network " , " Wisdom
factory " Such as intelligent manufacturing model, promoting collaborative digital factory, industrial large
data applications, customization and public service platform, the use of the digital economy to enhance
the core competitiveness of industries.
2017 year 7 month Science and Science and Third, the main content (b) large
19 day Technology Technology data calculated
Department of Department of 6 . Internet banking big data analysis techniques and other emerging industries. For new
Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Internet banking, manufacturing, and other large service-oriented application data formats, block chain
Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Provincial Naturalresearch, financial data

Science Foundation of associated
China with large high-dimensional dynamic analysis techniques; industrial
Natural Science Fund large data analysis and processing technology research to support service-oriented manufacturing,
Committee on the research personalized service, precision marketing user experience evaluation model and other technologies.
issuance of "Zhejiang " Thirteen
Five " Notification of
major basic research projects plan "
2017 year 6 month Hangzhou Hangzhou Second, the implementation of the major tasks
16 day Municipal Municipal Government (C) vigorously to build a large data Qianjiang financial innovation base.
Government 1. Big Data innovation and stronger financial industry. Key innovations relying on large data
Implementation base Yunqi town, Riverside technology finance gathering area, gathering Wangjiang new financial
Opinions on district, Qianjiang New Town, Qiantang wisdom of the city, Sands Lake Business District, the
accelerating the construction of Qiantang River Financial

introduction
Harbor of foster financial cloud computing platform, data-driven financial institutions , a major
financial services company data, the internet platform for financial transactions, financial companies
and other financial block chain technology innovation enterprise and big data platform, the
establishment of the financial industry in Zhejiang cloud, big data innovation companies promoting financial growth and the f
--126--
Third, deepen key initiatives (c) the ability to enhance the service of the real economy. Support
financial institutions to explore the block chain and other new technologies, development of financial
products based on the industry chain, supply chain, block chain and the like. Carry out innovative new
financing for the real economy corporate finance business characteristics. Accelerate the construction of
science and technology specializing in financial institutions, increase the supply of science and
technology financial body. Venture capital support, crowdfunding, business counseling and other
development agencies to provide financing for small and medium micro enterprises, financial intelligence
service. Guide buyout funds, equity funds led by Hangzhou listed companies to go out and promote the
international expansion of listed companies. Branch construction platform for the transfer of equity
financing, venture capital ecosystem to build. Actively encourage enterprises to use various financial
elements of the trading platform bonds, equities and equity transfer of class, the class of asset securitization and other direc
2016 year 12 Zhejiang Provincial Zhejiang Provincial Seven, strengthen infrastructure construction and industrial life. Construction of a degree of
month twenty three day People's People's Government Office

density, the patchwork of financial agglomeration space, effective concentration of various financial
Government Office institutions, wealth managers, financial institutions and finance new big data, cloud computing, chain
Several Opinions on blocks, artificial intelligence, Internet technology credit and other financial enterprises . Increase
Promoting the government investment, to promote the planning and construction of transportation infrastructure intercity
construction of the Qiantang River Financial Harbor rail, subways, highways, water bus, and actively expand international routes, improve interconnection
capacity between areas; financial support talent apartment, children of foreign personnel and medical
school, living facilities construction and health care; to promote the Qiantang River - Fuchun River flood
control along the drainage and ecological construction, strengthen the comprehensive watershed management.
table 9 Hebei Province, the main comb block chain policy
2018 year 4 month Hebei male An Committee of CPC Chapter II development of high-tech industry
twenty one day District Plan Hebei Province, a clear focus on industrial development
Hebei Province New generation of information technology industry. Around the construction of digital cities,
People's Government focusing on the development of next-generation communications networks, networking, big data, cloud
computing, artificial intelligence, the Internet industry, network security and other information
technology industry. Relying on recent 5G First large-scale commercial, IPv6 Lead layout, fostering the
rapid development of related industries. The development of networking industry, promote IntelliSense
chip, smart sensors and sensor terminal R & D and industrialization. National artificial intelligence to
build a new generation of open innovation platform, focusing on unmanned systems to achieve a
breakthrough intelligent technology, intelligent network with the construction of an open vehicle
demonstration area, support the development of unmanned systems and industrial applications. To
create the world's leading industrial network infrastructure and Internet platform, the formation of
international advanced technology and the industrial system. Promote information security technology
research and development applications, large-scale development of self-control cyberspace security industry. R & D and tes
2018 year 3 May the people of Hebei Province Hebei Provincial Proposed and actively cultivate future industrial development block chain, to build a world-class
Government issued People's Government high-tech industry clusters.
"on accelerating
industrial restructuring liter
--127--
Guidance "level of
building a modern
industrial system
2018 year 2 month Inform the Hebei Hebei Provincial annex 1 :

7 day Provincial People's People's Government Big Data and networking industry specific implementation plan
Government on the three key tasks
issuance of "three-year (A) to develop big data industry. Leading enterprises to increase efforts to bring in data storage,
action plan for the data cleansing, data analysis, data mining, data visualization, data protection and other fields to develop
development of and introduce a number of key technologies and products, the establishment of data collection,
strategic emerging industries in Hebei Province," the processing, handling, integration, trade and other services platform; support to carry out mass data
storage, resource scheduling cluster computing resource virtualization, block chain, virtual reality and
other cutting-edge technology research and development, focus on big data industry analysis,
forecasting, decision-making and application of breakthroughs. Extend the industrial chain of big data,
third-party support organizations and large international enterprises to provide data services, data
services, foster new model of the new format; innovation Langfang, Chengde data trading institutions
operating mechanism, expand the scope and scale of transaction data; explore the construction of
Beijing, Tianjin and Hengshui digital currency industrial Park. Orderly way large data center layout and
construction, according to a comprehensive experimental zone of Beijing, Tianjin big data plan,
accelerate Shijiazhuang, Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Qinhuangdao, Langfang and other cities and male New
data security industry, encourage the use of renewable energy, distributed energy supply performance,
low-power servers and other energy-saving way to build green data centers to speed up the Zhangbei Ali
cloud data center with two, three moist international information port, Ming Cheng Dede data center,
Compass Hengshui large data centers and other key projects, large data base server reached 200 Million units.
table 10 Liaoning Province, the main policy comb block chain
2018 year 1 month Liaoning Provincial Liaoning Provincial Third, safeguards
18 day People's People's Government Office (C) to strengthen the supply chain and construction supervision of credit service system.
Government Office Provincial perfect credit data exchange platform, " Credit Liaoning " , And with the national platform
Opinions on actively networking, to promote interoperability between public data resources business, quality supervision,
promoting industry and commerce, finance, customs, entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments and
innovation and application of supply chain agencies to build coordinated supervision, joint disciplinary mechanism of the new website. Research
on the use of emerging technologies block chain, artificial intelligence, establish and improve the credit
industry credit evaluation system and evaluation criteria based on supply chain. Supply chain platform
to promote all kinds of organic docking, enhanced disclosure and sharing of information credit rating,
credit history, risk warning, illegal acts of dishonesty, etc., so that information credit rating, credit
history and other platforms in the industry and supervision " Credit Liaoning " Comprehensive Web site
publicity and sharing. Integrated supply chain involving market access, quality supervision, customs,
entry-exit inspection and quarantine policies, innovative supply chain supervision mechanism,
strengthen supply chain risk management and control, and promote the healthy and stable
development of the supply chain. (Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Provincial Department of Transpor
--128--
Yang Branch, Dalian Customs, customs Shenyang, Liaoning Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau
and other responsible according to the division of responsibilities)
table 11 Shandong Province, the main policy comb block chain
2018 year 2 month Shandong Provincial Shandong Chapter VI enhance the transformation of traditional industries to
13 day People's Government Provincial People's Government form a new momentum V modern financial services
on the issuance of "old Promote financial business innovation. Accelerate the improvement of financial markets, financial
and new kinetic energy institutions, financial products and service models to better meet the real economy and people's diverse
is converted Shandong financial needs. Encourage use of the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, conduct financial
Province business process improvement and product innovation. The positive development of pension finance,
implementation of major projects planning" education, finance, culture and finance, tourism, finance, rural finance and other new financial services.
Regulate the development of the field of Internet banking, block chain, artificial intelligence and other new
financial format. Support small loan companies, pawn shops, financial leasing, factoring and other
financial organizations, business innovation and sustainable development. Co-ordinate development
between commodities trading business between the spot and futures, trading venues to create a
nationally influential. Jinan support the old and new converts kinetic energy to promote financial
innovation development pilot, financial services entity to carry out economic reform and innovation.
Yantai special support to carry out reform and fund management services innovation, Qingdao
Construction Wealth Management finance comprehensive reform pilot area. Support Zaozhuang, Linyi
City, Pratt & Whitney to carry out financial reform and innovation, explore and improve service area
inclusive financial system. Weifang financial support of artistic and cultural Comprehensive Experimental Zone, Beijing, Tianji
Chapter X to build a second system converts kinetic
energy policy innovation in financial policy
Innovative financing and financial services business model to guide allocation of financial
resources skewed towards economic and social development and focus on areas of weakness, Pratt &
Whitney to promote financial services, green development.
Enhanced financial support for innovation and entrepreneurship. It plays a guiding role of
government equity fund of funds, a sound from the experimental study, pilot innovative financing model to
production technology the whole process. Development of all types of risk investment, improve the exit
mechanism, the pilot in terms of equity pledge, ownership transfer, risk prevention and control.
Integration of the province of various types of equity funds, the establishment of mechanisms for
cooperation with countries emerging industries venture capital fund of funds, fund of scientific and
technological achievements, promote innovative small and micro enterprises in the province to accelerate
the development. The establishment of Internet-based, centralized interest in real property collateral
registration platform. Promote the development of small and micro finance, banking institutions are
encouraged to set up small and micro enterprises franchise organizations and professional branches, to
support small and micro enterprises to regional equity market listing, improve financial services for the
initial entrepreneurs. Ensuring that according to the law, under the premise of risk control, active use of
the Internet, networking, artificial intelligence, big data, block chains and other modern means of financial
technology, financial services and strive to improve the efficiency and level. Make full use of corporate finance services Shan
--129--
Commerce, Provincial Local Taxation Bureau, the provincial Trade and Industry Bureau, the Provincial Quality Supervision B
2017 year 6 May Shandong provinces north Strive to 2020 In forming a block chain visibility standard, to create a number of application
District People's templates can be replicated, introduce and foster a number of innovative companies block chain.
Government issued
the "Opinions on
Development and Reform Commission, the Provincial Department of Transportation, Department of
Accelerating the
development of block chain industry (implementation)"
2017 year 4 month Shandong Province Shandong Province Fifth, training content
11 day Department of Finance Department of Finance IAS and comprehensive comparison and practical application of international auditing standards
bonds and other debt financing instruments to improve the proportion of direct financing. (Provincial
on the issuance of US GAAP and Chinese auditing standards and comprehensive comparison of the actual application,
notice "Shandong international " Four " Accounting firms audit business case analyzes, national tax framework and policy, tax
international CPA practice and procedure, international tax, federal income tax, cross-border transactions tax policies and
personnel capacity practices, transfer pricing, international management consulting business requirements and case
building project analysis, mergers and Support

offline " Combination. acquisitions strategy
small and M micro
and medium & A integration and
enterprises to relevant case studies,
issue corporate bonds,Chinese
corporate
implementation opinions" enterprises overseas M & a common problems and Solutions, collaborative process with overseas
certified public accountants, and communication programs and foreign government departments,
investment set Chinese legal environment introduced service results and assume legal liability of
Certified Public accountants, the block Discussion and application industry chain technology demonstration.
sensors and physical networking technology, sensors and other fields to promote media " versus " Docking
2016 year 12 Qingdao Municipal Qingdao Municipal Second, the key tasks (a) around " Innovation Center " Construction, implementation of the
month 20 day Bureau of Bureau of Commerce British trade and investment optimization project
Commerce notice 1 . Promote the development of innovative financial cooperation. Strengthen cooperation with UK
on the issuance of financial institutions to actively seek the introduction of UK financial institutions, financial markets settled
"Qingdao City to indecision-making control,

Qingdao elements. R&D
Relying onand industrialization.
Innovation Union City Strengthen research and
District Government development
of Qingdao of smart
United
promote the International University ( IUIA) The establishment of the Sino-British financial technology incubator, using
Sino-British trade the Qingdao International cruise port and financial advantages of London's Canary Wharf, to build
and investment cooperation in key local urban development

cross-border
plan" financial technology incubator and acceleration platform, through forums, seminars, road
shows and international cross-border projects to accelerate, etc., to promote Chinese and British
technologies of the new human-computer interaction, natural language processing, intelligent
research in the field of financial cooperation in science and technology, accelerate the development and
promotion of the block chain technology in the financial sector applications. Learn from the UK wealth
management industry certification system, and actively explore the introduction of the British financial education and training
technology. Increase the key common technology research efforts. Support intelligent voice and key
table 12 Anhui block chain key policy comb
2018 year 4 month Anhui Provincial Anhui Provincial Second, the main task
2 day People's Government People's Government (C) manufacturing system to build a full docking wisdom new generation of information
on deepening " Internet
+ Advanced Manufacturing "
Industrial Development Mutual
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Networking Of industrial innovation and development. Explore the development of quantum communication
Opinions technology, accelerate the industrialization process. Launch 5G Research application software-defined
networking technology in the industry in the Internet. Promoting edge computing, artificial intelligence,
augmented reality, virtual reality, chain blocks and other emerging cutting-edge technology research
and exploration industry in the Internet. (Provincial Science and Technology Department, led the Provincial Development and
2018 year 2 month Anhui Provincial Anhui Provincial Second, to expand consumer information
12 day People's People's Government supply column 2 : Intelligent transportation construction projects
Government on (C) enhance IT service capabilities. Support large enterprises to establish Internet-based " Double
further expansion hit " Platform, providing specialized information services for the whole community to support the industry
and upgrade backbone enterprises use the Internet open platform technology, management and other resources to
information innovation and entrepreneurship subject. Accelerate the construction of new platform consumer
information
consumption continues to release the potential of domestic demandpublic
viewsa space area of business services, finance, design, testing, production and
operations for small and medium micro enterprises, maintenance and other services innovation and entrepreneurship. Promo
Comprehensive integration services capabilities in an environment. Encourage the use of open source
software to develop personalized, pilot applications based on the new technology block chain, artificial
intelligence, and accelerate the development of new applications in industrial control, smart factories.
Speed up the layout characteristics of industrial clusters, to build domestic unique innovative and
secure electronic application center. (Provincial Economic and Information Technology Committee led
Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Provincial Science and Technology Department and other cooperation)
2017 year 11 Huaibei City People's Huaibei City Six key projects (five) wisdom logistics
month 15 day Government Office on People's Government Office training project
the issuance of 2. Wisdom to build the logistics system
"Huaibei City Logistics Increased application of information technology in the logistics industry in the city of Huaibei,
" Thirteen Five " Inform Huaibei City of electronic information to support the logistics enterprise information technology
development planning development, and manufacturing RFID RF label products. Huaibei building smart city pilot seize the
" opportunity to accelerate the establishment of logistics pilot wisdom Phoenix Mountain Logistics Park,
Lake logistics park, increase the intelligent application of technology. Promote the upgrading of storage
facilities from the traditional grid structure to structure, build depth perception intelligent storage system,
deposit, withdraw, full of intelligent pipe, the first pilot application distribution centers, distribution
centers and other tobacco integrated in the new Wellcome logistics. Promote cloud computing, large
data, networking, Compass, automatic identification, data exchange, block chains, etc. Application of
the Transport, warehousing, distribution, and other fields, supply chain visibility, automated
warehousing, distribution and intelligent handling, transportation, packaging and distribution processing
automation sectors. Relying on advanced information technology and information platform to explore the car-free carrier, such
2017 year 10 Notice Tongling Tongling Municipal First, to promote the development of key areas
month 26 day Municipal People's People's Government Office (A) key support registered in the city, tax, big data technology research and product
Government Office on development company with independent legal personality, including data collection and processing,
the issuance of "a algorithm modeling, analysis, excavation, data presentation, industrial applications, as well as their
number of policies to transaction data cloud computing is directly linked, networking, artificial intelligence, intelligent
promote the Big Data industry development" hardware, 3D Printing, virtual and augmented reality, block chain and other companies. Specific
Municipal Information Office with the relevant departments were identified.
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table 13 Fujian major policy comb block chain
2018 year 4 month Fujian Provincial Fujian Provincial Fourth, strengthen industrial technology support
20 day People's Government People's Government (Xi) foster innovation diverse body. Industrial support in the province, software, integrated
on deepening " Internet information technology services company set up Internet Industry Innovation Center, Innovation Center
+ Advanced Manufacturing " create a national Internet industry, fast implementation of new technologies, new products, new models
Development of the of the first commercial application and promotion. Encourage enterprises and institutions of higher
Internet industry learning, scientific research institutions to build national industry Internet laboratory, set up to promote
executive opinion the Internet industry research institute. To support manufacturing companies with well-known Internet
companies to carry out joint research, breakthroughs in key technology platform for industry-specific
Internet industry. Encourage the province Little Giant, individual champion and other innovative
strategic foresight industrial layout and the Internet with the applicable information reference model
physical systems, emerging technologies, machine vision, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, block
chain, edge computing. It supports a variety of industries around the main Internet platform
architecture, based on common technology, common standards, etc. to carry out research and
innovation. Encourage innovation and industrial internet platform operational strategies and business
models, implement platform operator service providers, industrial enterprises, software companies, software developers and o
2018 year 1 month Fujian Provincial Fujian Provincial Second, reinforce the industrial digital economy industrial base (C) to accelerate the emerging
25 day People's People's Government Office information technology industry to explore the block chain technology innovation. Mining technology
Government on value chain block, encourage enterprises to join the open source community, the use of
Accelerating the international resources for open source technologies and innovation, promote the application of the
innovation and block in the social chain management, asset management, public notaries, social assistance,
development of the province's industrial economic figuresintellectual property, industrial inspection and other areas as evidence .
Organizers: The Provincial Development and Reform Commission, appointed by the letter, Science
and Technology Department, Bureau of Quality Supervision, the Provincial Communications Authority,
the Provincial Electronic Information Group, the municipalities and districts people's government, Pingtan Comprehensive Exp
2017 year 6 month Fujian Provincial Fujian Provincial Third, the key tasks (c) continue to promote the wisdom of rural credit. 1. Accelerate the
12 day People's Government People's Government Office construction of digital facilities. The use of mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data technology new
General Office of the financial technology, artificial intelligence, networking, block chain and push for digital, mobile, Pratt &
Provincial Rural Credit Whitney, let the more efficient, equitable and transparent financial services to further popularize
Cooperative Union on urban and rural areas, to benefit public.
the "Fujian Rural 2. Enhance the mobile intelligent terminal. Actively build " Mobile Banking Mobile Life + + + Mobile
Credit Inclusive Marketing mobile payments " Four in one, covering a variety of application scenarios of mobile financial
Finance Development Action Plan ( 2017-2020 ecosystem, steadily promote remote banking, mobile ATMs, financial services, robotics, mobile
Year) "notice terminals and other convenient mobile service, innovation and introduction of cloud lightning pay,
acquiring two-dimensional code scan code and other new mobile payment services, to promote mobile
banking, micro-channel banks, online banking and other electronic banking products.
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table 14 Gansu Province, the main policy comb block chain
2018 year 1 month Gansu Provincial Gansu Provincial Third, safeguards
29 day People's People's Government Office (Iii) continuing to strengthen the supply chain and construction supervision of credit service
Government Office system. Credit information sharing platform to promote the province, the province's business and credit
Opinions on actively information publicity system " Credit Gansu " Site construction, improve government credit information
promoting sharing mechanism, promote public data resources between commerce, customs, quality supervision,
innovation and application of supply chain inspection and quarantine, industry and commerce, banking and other departments and agencies of
interoperability. Research on the use of emerging technologies block chain, artificial intelligence,
establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on supply chain. Supply chain platform to promote all
kinds of organic docking, strengthen the dynamic supervision, strengthen information disclosure and
sharing of credit rating, credit history, risk warning, in accordance with law and other illegal acts of
dishonesty, joint efforts to build a long-term mechanism and trustworthy incentives and promises
punishment of joint. Innovative supply chain supervision mechanism, the integration of market access,
customs, quality supervision, inspection and quarantine and other policies related to the supply chain,
strengthen supply chain risk management and control, and promote the healthy and stable development
of the supply chain. (Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Provincial Department of
Transportation, Department of Commerce, the People's Bank Central Branch of Lanzhou, Lanzhou Customs, Provincial State
table 15 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region key policy comb block chain
2017 year 12 Inform the Guangxi Guangxi Zhuang Second, the key tasks
month 14 day Zhuang Autonomous Autonomous (Ii) to develop software and information technology services. Strengthen infrastructure software
Region People's Region People's Government

andOffice
application development, focusing on all kinds of embedded operating system and critical software
Government on the development and industrialization; by encouraging development of industrial software products with
issuance of "Guangxi independent intellectual property rights, and promote the production of business process reengineering
to further expand and and optimization of industrial, industrial equipment and upgrade products intelligence level;
upgrade information development of ASEAN-language application software, digital content, software and other products.
consumption continues Support Internet-based medium-sized enterprises " Double hit " Platform to play the role of good public
to release the potential service platform for SMEs, and the community to provide specialized information services. Accelerate
of domestic demand plan" the development of information systems security evaluation, risk assessment and technical support
services to promote the integration of information technology and new terminals and Internet services,
digital content industry chain extension. Product development and the development of information
content services, interactive digital entertainment, mobile payment, location services and social
networking services. Pilot application of new technology-based block chain, such as artificial intelligence. (Organizer: Autonom
2017 year 12 Guangxi civil Guangxi civil Accessories: Guangxi Innovation Management optimization services fostering the growth of new
month 13 day affairs people affairs people momentum to accelerate the economic development of old and new converts kinetic energy continue the work task decompo
--133--
Inform the government House General Office Responsibility

main mission key step
on the issuance of the door
General Office of the

Third, to stimulate new vitality factor movements (X) to
"Guangxi Innovation
improve intelligence gathering elements flow mechanism.
Management
Combined with innovation-driven
optimization services
development strategy in our region, nine focused
fostering the growth of
on creating innovative business card, the
new momentum to
implementation of a number of major science
accelerate the
( and technology projects. Innovative institutional
economic development of old and new converts kinetic energy continuation plan" Science and Technology Departmen
Cross-border 71 ) mechanisms, institutions and disciplines
integration create a breakthrough management restrictions, artificial

6
favorable atmosphere intelligence, block chain, energy Internet,
for the growth of the research team.intelligent manufacturing, large data
applications, genetic engineering, digital and creative cross-integration fields, to buil
The completion of a number of
( international standards, highlighting the

Science and Technology Departmen
72 ) interdisciplinary and collaborative research and
innovation base, focus on promoting cross-border integration of disruptive innovatio
2017 year 12 Guangxi Zhuang Guangxi Zhuang To develop software and information technology services, to carry out pilot applications of new
month Autonomous Region Autonomous technology-based block chain, such as artificial intelligence.
People's Government Region People's Government Office
on the issuance of
"Guangxi to further
expand and upgrade
information to inform
domestic consumption
continues to release
embodiments of potential"
2017 year 11 It notifies the Guangxi Zhuang Second, the project category and the relevant criteria (b) Meat flow back system construction
month 17 day Department of project

Autonomous Region Department subject: municipal commerce department. Construction requirements: in accordance with
of Commerce
Commerce standard requirements of the relevant Ministry of Commerce "Meat flow back system construction
regarding the norms" and so on, the use of advanced techniques applicable retroactively, covering the construction
establishment of the of mechanized slaughter plant, large-scale wholesale markets, farmers markets standardized,
Guangxi Zhuang medium-sized supermarket chains and some groups meat flow back system of consumption units.
Autonomous Region important product traceability system

Meat
construction
flow back system
of key projects
has beenlibrary
built in the city, around " Expand variety, improve quality, energy
efficiency " Objective optimization enhance the existing system, to explore innovative techniques,
focus on promoting the two-dimensional code, radio frequency identification ( RFID ), Video
recognition technology, block chain, improve accuracy and intelligence information collection and
transmission unit retrospective, data processing and improve the comprehensive analysis.
(Iv) famous and special products traceability system construction project subject: municipal
commerce department, the county (including county-level cities, districts)
--134--
Government departments or business, the industrialization of the country, the scale of the famous and
special products production and circulation enterprises, Guangxi specialty marketing of core brands, " Guangxi
polite " Souvenir enterprises, " A City for a " enterprise. Encourage the same type of a number of
enterprises operating joint declaration.
Construction requirements: in accordance with industry standards and existing national
traceability important product traceable standards (National Standards Committee Office, the Ministry of
Commerce under development), the use of the Internet of Things, cloud computing, two-dimensional
code, the block chain, and other advanced technology applied retroactively, construction covering
planting and breeding, production, processing, storage, transportation, famous and special products
terminal sales chain traceability of the entire process, to achieve brand production, standardized
management, electronic trading, specialized testing, traceability of information, and strive to build a complete chain, have loca
(5) important production enterprises tracing system construction project subject: edible
agricultural products, food, medicine, agricultural production, special equipment, dangerous goods,
rare earth products and other important production enterprises. Encourage the production and
circulation of products upstream and downstream joint declaration.
Construction requirements: in accordance with industry standards and existing national
traceability important product traceable standards (National Standards Committee Office, the Ministry of
Commerce under development), the use of the Internet of Things, cloud computing, two-dimensional
code, the block chain, and other advanced technology to carry out applied retroactively tracing system
construction, with the main responsibility and flow management as the core, the implementation of
production and business entities retroactive liability, and product origin to be investigated, whereabouts
can be traced, the quality can be estimated, liability can study, and the autonomous regions, municipalities and management
table 16 Guizhou Province, the main policy comb block chain
2018 year 4 month Guizhou Provincial Guizhou Provincial Third, the safeguard measures (c) to strengthen credit monitoring service. Improve the
13 day People's People's Government Office national credit information sharing platform (Guizhou) and " Credit China (Guizhou) "
Government Office
Opinions on actively Website, improve government credit information sharing mechanism, promote public data resources
promoting between commerce, customs, quality inspection, industry and commerce, banking and other
innovation and application of supply chain departments and agencies of interoperability. Completion of a comprehensive national enterprise credit
information publicity system (Guizhou), improve enterprise credit information collection, sharing and use
of integrated information platform to improve the government departments related enterprises
imputation information sharing mechanism, the implementation of enterprise information publicity
system. Advance " Double random, discloses a " Supervision. According to law and trustworthy incentives
and promises punishment joint. Research on the use of emerging technologies block chain, artificial
intelligence, establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on supply chain. Accounts receivable
creditor guide enterprises to submit payment information through the debtor's accounts receivable
financing service platform, the establishment of the debtor timely repayment of accounts receivable and
restraint mechanisms, regulate the behavior of accounts receivable performance and optimize
commercial credit environment. Supply chain platform to promote all kinds of organic docking,
enhanced disclosure and sharing of information credit rating, credit history, risk warning, illegal acts of dishonesty and the like
--135--
( Organizers: The Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Provincial Department of
Transportation, Department of Commerce, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration, Provincial
Local Taxation Bureau, the provincial Trade and Industry Bureau, the Provincial Bureau of Quality Supervision, Central Branc
2018 year 2 month Guizhou Provincial Guizhou Provincial First, the general
7 day People's Government People's Government requirements (b) the basic principles
on the issuance of - - Upgraded the stock to cultivate increments. Accurately grasp " Big Data + " , "+ Big Data " Both
"Guizhou province " 000 directions. Accelerate the use of Big Data to transform traditional industries, improve automation,
enterprises Fusion " Campaign digital, green level, to promote the core competitiveness upgrading, accelerate the growth of
lay " Digital Economy " Inform networking, artificial intelligence, a new form of shared economic, block chain, optimize the structure
the campaign of of the real economy, improve the quality of the development of fusion .
Program "
2017 year 12 Guizhou Provincial Guizhou Provincial Third, active and innovative financial products and services means Pratt &
month 29 day People's Government People's Government Office Whitney (j) the use of new information technologies to expand inclusive financial services.
Office on the issuance 19. Relying province " Big Data " Strategy to finance the construction of Guizhou cloud as the
of "Guizhou Province starting point to build financial institutions and small and medium micro enterprise intelligence brokered
to promote the financial services platform, large output data for financial institutions, cloud computing, chain blocks,
development of inclusive financial embodiments artificial intelligence and other emerging cutting-edge financial technologies, encourage financial
(2016-2020 institutions build up their own internet banking service platform to expand the scope of services and the
Year) "notice breadth and depth of field services. (Provincial Finance Office, Big Data Provincial Development
Authority, Central Branch of People's Bank of Guiyang, Guizhou Banking Bureau, Guizhou Insurance Regulatory Bureau, the
2017 year 12 Nanming District Nanming District of Fourth, the main work
month 25 day People's Government Guiyang Municipal People's Government

(B) vigorously promote industrial upgrading and job creation
on the issuance of 4. Around the modern service industry and mountain tourism, tertiary industry bigger body mass
"Nanming District to employment. Support for a number of artistic, practical, portability of tourism commodity business bigger
create full employment and stronger, better play to the ecological, mountainous and ethnic cultural advantages, to achieve the
program of work" development of the tourism industry led to an increase in employment. Actively promote the great
financial data, crowdfunding finance, mobile banking, finance chain block featuring new financial format
and healthy development. Implementation of modern service industry " Ten Baiqian " Engineering,
logistics and further promote the new industry, commerce, information technology, e-commerce,
development of producer services, health, pension, sports and entertainment and other new consumer
industries. (Lead Unit: District Development and Reform Bureau, District Government Finance Office;
Organizer: District Bureau of Industry and Information Technology <District Bureau data>, District
Investment Promotion Bureau, the Finance Bureau, District Bureau of Statistics, the District Agricultural
Water Bureau, the District Bureau of Commerce, Tourism Bureau, District cultural broadcasting ,, human resources and Socia
2017 year 12 Guizhou Provincial Guizhou Provincial Third, the key tasks (six) will coordinate
month twenty one day People's Government People's Government Office development of the relevant areas of reform
Office on the issuance 4. Implementation of health care information technology
of "Guizhou Province " Thirteen Promote health care big data applications. Improve the hospital evaluation system based on
Five " Notification large data integration clinical operations, cost accounting, evaluation of data quality, enhance the
deepening medical authority and credibility of the evaluation results, and the hospital accreditation evaluation,
and health system disbursement of funds, such as performance pay linked. Speed up the residents 'health card issuance
planning " and application of the implementation of the residents' health card identity card of Health Family
Planning, Health Services to establish a unique identity residents and residents access to health information and update autho
--136--
Under online collaboration services, accelerate individual health information data gathering;
accelerating the residents 'health card, social security card application integration, relying on residents'
health card to establish real-name medical services, promote health information dynamically residents,
real-time, continuously updated, building residents lifecycle health records. Actively promote medical
and health service agencies to extend services Internet + treatment, rehabilitation, preventive health
care and so on. And comprehensively promote the health industry management planning large data,
large healthcare clinical and research data, public health big data applications. Development of
personalized fitness services, pension and health wise health services, health tourism services, and
promote health care data related to large industrial clustering, foster health care big data applications
new format. Relying " Healthcare cloud " , " Cloud Guizhou " System platform, combined with the data in the
block chain can not be altered, transparency, traceability, multi-node properties such as the construction of provincial health c
2017 year 10 Guiyang Municipal Guiyang Municipal Fourth, the main work
month 13 day People's Government People's Government (B) vigorously promote industrial upgrading and job creation
notification on the 4. Around the modern service industry and mountain tourism, tertiary industry bigger body mass
issuance of "full employment. Constructing Province "100 Tourist resorts " Guiyang projects focusing on international
employment creation tourism product system that supports a number of artistic, practical, portability of tourism commodity
in Guiyang city work opinions" business bigger and stronger, better play to the ecological, mountainous and ethnic cultural
advantages, promote the development of tourism industry increase employment. Increase the Guizhou
City " Yinjinruzhu " Efforts to actively promote the great financial data, crowdfunding finance, mobile
banking, finance chain block featuring new financial format and healthy development. Implementation of modern service indus
" Ten Baiqian " Engineering, logistics and further promote the new industry, commerce, information
technology, e-commerce, development of producer services, health, pension, sports and entertainment
and other new consumer industries. (Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, the
Municipal Finance Office; Organizers: The City of Industry and Information Commission, the Municipal
Investment Promotion Bureau, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Statistics Bureau,
Agriculture Commission, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Tourism Industry Development Committee , City Pres
2017 year 7 month Guizhou Provincial Guizhou Provincial Fourth, foster health care big data applications new formats (iv) to promote the health and
4 day People's People's Government Office

medical data related to large industrial agglomeration. Relying on the province of big data and a better
Government Office basis for regional health care industry, and actively seek state support the construction of large health
Opinions on care data centers, health care centers and large data applications innovative health care technology
promoting and and culture Industrial Park, advancing block chain in the health and medical fields and pilot
regulating the applications, the introduction of cultivating a number of digital healthcare smart equipment R & D and
development of medical health of big data applicationsmanufacturing enterprises to accelerate the development of artificial intelligence, bio-dimensional ( 3D) Printing
technology, medical equipment, health and rehabilitation, assistive devices, wearable pieces of
equipment and related micro-sensors. Support for traditional food and drug companies, health care
institutions to promote the application of new generation IT and products, accelerate smart health care
equipment industry restructuring and upgrading. (Lead unit: Ministry of Health and Family Planning
Commission, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the responsibility of units:
Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission, the Provincial Science and Technology
Department, Provincial Department of Culture, provincial Big Data Development Authority, Provincial Finance Office, municip
2017 year 6 month Guiyang Municipal Guiyang Municipal On a number of policy measures to support the development and application of the Block
7 day People's Government People's Government Office Chaining (Trial) to accelerate the development and application of Guiyang block chain, promoting
Office on the issuance of "off the value of information the Internet to Internet development, to promote the various elements of the block chain resource
--137--
Notification to the White Paper sun block chain development and application of "the general layout and the
number of policy requirements formulated policy measures.
measures to support This policy measures to support object industry and commerce, taxation, statistics, registered in
the development and Guiyang City, with legal personality and independent accounting of the block chain business or related
application of the block chain (Trial) "in institutions; individuals engaged in the block chain and related work in Guiyang City. Related incentive
to obtain recognized qualifications or approval is conditional, this is only for after the enactment of new
policy measures to obtain recognized qualifications or approval of the relevant businesses or organizations.
The first chapter support body
The first block chain companies reporting positive recommendation Guizhou Province science
and technology enterprises grow echelon. Block chain companies were identified incubated for Guiyang
innovative leader in innovative SMEs, were given 40 Million, 20 Million grant. Block chain companies
were identified as high-tech enterprises, to give a one-time 20 Million in incentives, eligible to enjoy
preferential tax policies in accordance with law.
The second in line "3 More 20 Ten thousand yuan " Enabling conditions of the block chain
micro-enterprises, giving support in obtaining qualification 10 Ten thousand yuan grant funds
(including direct subsidies and grants to support follow-up depth), 20 Million in incentives and tax contributions
20 Million related to loans.

Article encourage and guide block chain enterprises and related institutions to enter the block
chain innovation base for the development of large data Guizhou comprehensive experimental zone, in
accordance with the principle of reasonable personal use, free audited settled; settled in government
investment in the construction of office space, the implementation of revenue support and expenditure
management, leasing area 300 Square meters or less, to give full rent subsidies.
Chapter II Platform Support
Article encouraged by the block chain enterprises or agencies led the establishment of
industrial technology innovation and strategic alliances around the block chain scenarios applicable, it
is recognized as a national industrial technology innovation strategic alliance, to give a one-time 500 Ten
thousand yuan subsidy, and give emphasis on the tilt support for scientific research projects.
Article encourage block chain enterprises and related organizations around the block chain
scenarios demand, actively work for testing, digital asset identification, assessment, mortgages and
other services in the field of the block chain. The establishment of block chain test, digital asset
identification, assessment, mortgage and other specialized agencies, after obtaining the relevant qualifications have been det
100 Million grant.

Article 6 The State and Local Joint Research Center of the block chain identified new areas of
(Engineering Laboratory), in accordance with the amount of support provincial and municipal Press 1 : 1
The proportion of support given to matching funds. To block chain identified new areas of national and
provincial-level enterprise technical centers, were given a one-time 500 Million, 100 Million in funding.
Article VII of national engineering research centers, key laboratories and engineering research
centers Provincial Key Laboratory of Block Chaining new areas identified, were given a one-time 500 Million,
100 Million to finance, which has been identified and the assessment of outstanding innovation
platform, given continued support.
Article VIII promote small and micro enterprises entrepreneurship and innovation base city
demonstration building block chain entrepreneurial innovation demonstration base for the chain to block application-based en
--138--
Innovation base to give no more than the total construction costs 20% And not exceeding 500
Million one-time subsidy. Get to the scene by the block chain application-oriented national, provincial,
municipal entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration base, were given 100 Million, or 50
Million, or 30 Wan time award. On the annual assessment by the block chain above the level of
entrepreneurial innovation base to give no more than the maximum 50 Million in operating subsidies.
Article IX support and encourage the block chain Scenarios incubator building. By the
national, provincial, municipal Block Chaining public areas identified were given to create space
(incubators) 50 Million, 30 Million, 20 Million one-time award. Municipal areas of the block chain maker
space (incubators), annual assessment of service based on innovation and entrepreneurship, giving
up no more than a year according to the annual assessment score 40 Yuan subsidy.
Chapter III Innovation Support
Article encourage companies to block chain universities, research institutes, technology
services and other institutions or other companies to buy services and technological innovation and
technological achievements. To block chain enterprises to purchase services and technological
innovation and technological achievements and technology signed a contract, according to turnover
accredited 5% Grant funding, which signed a contract to develop technology and technology transfer
contracts, funding not exceeding 50 Million; technical advice and signed a technical service contract, not to exceed the maxim
Article 11 block chain scenarios demand-oriented, development and promotion of sovereignty
block chain, rope theory, accurate poverty, focusing on standards in the field of data cages, supply
chain management. The unit or individual to lead the development block chain technology and
application scenarios related standards, in accordance with international standards, national standards,
industry standards, local standards were given 100 Million, 50 Million, 20 Million, 10 Ten thousand yuan
subsidy. All kinds of corporate social groups to encourage appropriate qualifications ability to coordinate
the relevant market players together to develop standards organizations meet the application
requirements of the block chain, block chain groups to develop standards led units to 10 Ten thousand yuan subsidy.
Article XII increase support for major innovations and achievements block chain
transformation projects, the financial allocation for national science and technology projects of major
importance, given the amount of state financial-funded 50% , Not exceeding 500 Million grant.
Article XIII block chain enterprises have been identified as IPR model enterprises in Guiyang,
after signing the contract funded demonstration 10 Million, one year after the implementation of
demonstration projects funded by the re-inspection and approval of the medium-term 10 Million, three
years after the end of the demonstration passed the examinations continue to give 30 Million to finance.
Article XIV were given to the newly acquired Chinese patent gold medal, China's patent
Excellence Award block chain business 30 Million, 10 Million reward, for Guizhou newly acquired
patent gold chain blocks companies to give 10 Million to finance. Support enterprises to transfer,
licensing and other ways to purchase the right to use patents or patent ownership, turnover in 20 Million
or more is a non-related party transactions, in accordance with the volume of transactions 10% To be
subsidized, not exceeding 20 Ten thousand yuan a one-time funding.
Chapter IV Financial Support
Article XV block chain technology and enterprise application projects in line with the scene
"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Management
Interim Measures" provides may apply Guizhou Province scientific and technological achievements equity investment fund dir
--139--
Registered capital or total investment 20% .
Article XVI bank lending to block chain enterprises to obtain financing by way of security,
given the cost of interest on loans and guarantees the full subsidy.
Article XVII support and encourage enterprises listed block chain phases rewarded. In the
main board listed reward 1000 Million, in the small board, GEM award 500 Million in three new board
listed reward 150 Million.
Chapter V personnel support
Article XVIII strengthen the introduction of training creative talents of the block chain, for
inclusion in Guizhou Province " Hundred leading talent ' " Thousands innovation and entrepreneurship " The
block chain innovation and entrepreneurship leading talent, the introduction of the year were given per
person 100 Million, 50 Million reward, second year, third year of the project and achieve the expected
benefits of production goals, the assessment concluded that continue to give appropriate support; won " Qianling Technology
Be given 100 Ten thousand yuan a one-time reward.
Article 19 block chain enterprises to introduce fresh graduates, signed 1 Over-year term labor
contract reached 5 Names, one-time award 1 Million, each additional 1
Name, reward 1000 Yuan; the introduction of the block chain talent and signed relevant work experience 3
In the above term labor contract, per person 5000 Yuan time award given; the introduction of
high-level talent and signed a project cooperation agreement or contract of work, per person 1 Ten
thousand yuan for one-time reward. The highest award for a company with no more than a year 10 Million.
Diershitiao support overseas high-level talents, academicians, national experts and scholars, " thousand
people plan " Experts, block chain of high-level talent and innovation team founded block chain
enterprises in the city. In line with "Guiyang City, the introduction of high-level personnel approach",
"high-level personnel identified in Guiyang Interim Measures" block chain of high-level talents,
high-level personnel after obtaining a green card, according to the provisions of access to housing,
health care, social security, schooling of children, spouse employment and other preferential policies and convenient services
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article XXI who settled in the city's block chain enterprises, from business registration to
administrative examination and approval and public service matters formal operations involved in the
process, may concierge service center free of charge at all levels, at all levels in accordance with the
Administrative Service Center "Guiyang major investment project approval service green channel
Interim Measures," the relevant provisions, provide green channel service. Block chain technology to
explore policy scenarios used in the process of cashing in, took the lead in the implementation of the
program to honor a simple matter to facilitate the business, improve efficiency.
Article 22 The policies and measures involved in the capital, provincial and municipal honor has
made it clear channels, complied with; not explicitly honor channels, according to the principle of
territoriality, the funds required by the block chain companies (or related organizations) registered the
county (city, district, zone) people's government (CMC) assume, by the location of large data
organization and implementation authorities. City data led to the development of the Management
Committee to supervise the implementation of the policy cash situation, to ensure that the disbursement of funds in place.
Article 23 The policies and measures with national, provincial, municipal, district (city, county,
zone) has introduced policies or repeat the same considerations apply to the content of a number of
preferential policies, the companies choose on the basis of press " Cong not repeat " , " Jin Dynasty
--140--
Level making it up " Principle be supported.
Article 24 of this date of promulgation of policy measures since, valid until
2020 year 12 month 31 day. This policy measure responsible for the interpretation of data Guiyang
City Development Management Committee.
2017 year 3 month Guiyang Municipal Guiyang Municipal Second, the plans for the building integrated resource management mechanism and improve
28 day Government People's Government data sharing and opening up government data management system (a). The establishment of
Implementation government data resources integrated management and scheduling operation mechanism,
Opinions on strengthen the City Commission data on the city's overall management of data resources, centralized
accelerating the storage and management of the city government unified data resource directory, promote data
Guiyang government open data sharing sharing open and intensive use. The development of data resource management practices, promote
the sharing and open government data. Establish a market mechanism for data development and
data value-added applications. The establishment of public data assets registration system, explore
the establishment of audit data resources and a safety oversight system. Establish an open data
sharing traceability system, exploring the use of technology to track and block chain traceability data
sharing open usage. (Lead unit: data City Committee; Organizer: municipal departments, Guiyang
block data company, the district [city and county] People's Government, the Development Zone)
Fifth, to promote government data sharing (a) the construction of government data-sharing
platform for the exchange. based on " Cloud Guizhou · Guiyang platform " Build a shared government
data exchange platform to promote cross-sectoral, cross (city and county), cross-level data sharing
resource demand. Share exchange platform (intranet) in accordance with the classification system of
classified information protection requirements, relying on e-government network construction and
management; sharing and exchanging platform (extranet) in accordance with the relevant system and
network security requirements, relying on e-government external network construction and
management. In principle, all government departments within the business information system through
e-government or e-government network carries extranet, shared by government data exchange
platform shared with other government departments to exchange data. Where a new business
information system needs to share data across departments, must share exchange platform data
sharing through the implementation of government data, the existing inter-departmental data sharing
exchange system should be gradually migrate to government data sharing and exchanging platform.
Explore the use of block chain technology records data sharing behavior, conduct tests based on
automated data sharing intelligence contracts. Accelerate and provincial " Cloud Guizhou " System
platform, and to promote the province and data sharing of resources. (Lead unit: data City Committee;
Organizer: municipal departments, district [city and county] People's Government, the Development Zone)
Sixth, to promote open government data and value-added applications (a) the establishment
of open government data website and management mechanism. Accelerate the construction of an
open set of data processing and standardized, open the database, open data catalog system
resources, open data management platform, the portal is one of the open government data website.
Accordance with the principle of dynamic management, sub-annual data to develop and implement
open government scheme to encourage the parties to government data under the protection of the
public interest and privacy premise of value-added utilization, explore open data distributed build
system interoperability. Government departments to strengthen the implementation of open
government data in this sector responsibilities, the preparation of a negative list of open data, to
establish a government desensitization of standards and processes data, establish responsibilities and obligations of the co
--141--
Announced. Data other laws and regulations clearly not open to all levels and types gradually open to
the public. According to the law and open government data will not be required to apply for a specific
relatively open, according to the data directory and restrictions should be open to the public. Except as
otherwise provided in laws and regulations, state secrets, trade secrets, personal privacy, government
data involved, according to the law according to the procedure desensitization, decryption processing
technology in line with the conditions of open open to the public. Security, stability, business processing
capacity requirements higher data resources, can apply for open law. Data provided by authorities and
relevant departments to apply for the main qualification, such as use of data resources through the
audit, to open directional interface mode. Based on data resources to explore the open chain block
chain technology usage tracking and tracing. Under the principle of law and protect the safety of use,
with good prospects for the market, greater economic and social value of open government data,
government departments through government procurement of services, the agreement, according to
law to provide legal way of introducing market institutions in government data technology development
and application. Applicants are encouraged to apply for open class according to government data and
its derivative products or applications developed using data for legitimate social welfare open.
Government departments should be updated dynamically manage to open data, open data to ensure
timely and effective. (Lead unit: data City Committee; Organizer: municipal departments, Guiyang block
data company, the district [city and county] People's Government, the Development Zone)
Seven, to strengthen the government open data sharing security (c) establish a tile-based chain
of data security monitoring platform. Establish the working mechanism of external inspection and
rejection of data security, implant block chain and inspection technology, complete control " Who will
take the data ' " Take what data " , Secure data security to fulfill regulatory functions, objects to data
sharing and opening screening, recording, tracking, data platform to promote the construction of safety
supervision. Block chain technology using the clear source of data assets, ownership, use and
circulation path through data desensitization, multi-signature private key encryption technology, secure
multi-technology and other core technologies to prevent data leakage and privacy. Strengthen data
security risk assessment, inspection and supervision, periodic investigation and security risks,
establish a data security audit trail mechanism, enhance the capacity of the data safety monitoring,
early warning. (Lead unit: Municipal Public Security Bureau, City Commission data; Organizer:
municipal departments, Guiyang block data company, the district [city and county] People's
Government, the Development Zone)
2017 year 2 month Guiyang Municipal Guiyang Municipal To co-ordinate to promote the development and application of Guiyang block chain, struggling
15 day People's People's Government Office

to build block chain Ecosystem, Guiyang Municipal People's Government decided to set up block
Government chain to promote the development and application work headquarters, notice of the matter as follows:
Council on the Second, job responsibilities
establishment of Command is responsible for co-ordination to promote the development and application of
Guiyang block chain Guiyang block chain work for the city " A nuclear-wheel-drive multi-center " The block chain development
to promote the development and application of work headquarters

strategies to provide protection policy, technology, services, personnel, and funding; tracking global
block chain technology evolution path, industrial development and business growth dynamic route,
study and put forward Guiyang block chain to support industrial development policy recommendations;
organize block chain standards development work; organization to promote innovation center in
Guiyang block chain, block chain digital society laboratory preparation work; organizational structures
Guiyang block chain innovation base, public testing service platform, the establishment of coordination block chain technology
--142--
Heart; breakthroughs in key government data sharing development and poverty alleviation precise
block chain scenarios; study and formulate block chain development objectives and promote the
implementation of the relevant work; other work to complete the municipal government assigned.
Third, job security
(A) Guiyang block chain to promote the development and application of headquarters office work
full-time staff members, no longer bear the unit of work, the annual assessment by the headquarters
of the assessment and the results fed the unit.
2016 year 12 Guiyang municipal Guiyang municipal government plan 5 Built sovereignty block chain demonstration area.
month government issued
"Guiyang block chain
development and application of the" White Paper
table 17 Hainan major policy comb block chain
2017 year 12 Hainan Provincial Hainan Provincial Fifth, accelerate the development of wisdom Logistics (XX) accelerate " Internet + Logistics " .
month 29 day People's Government People's Government Office Relying on the Internet, big data, cloud computing, networking, and other IT block chain, and
Office on the issuance vigorously promote the Beidou navigation satellite system ( BDS) , Geographic information systems ( GIS)
of "Hainan Province to , Computer-aided picking system
accelerate the logistics (CAPS) , Warehouse Management System ( WMS) , Electronic data interchange ( EDI) , Transportation
cost efficiency and management system ( TMS) Promotion and application in the field of logistics, based on innovation " Internet
promote real economic + Logistics " New formats, new models. By building the Internet platform and innovative logistics
development plan" resource allocation, promote and shipping ports, ship (car) and goods, urban and rural distribution
notice matching algorithm, to build smart port, intelligent warehousing, logistics and intelligence data logistics
service system. (Organizers: The Provincial Department of Transportation, Department of Commerce,
the Provincial Industry and Information Technology Department)
2017 year 4 month Hainan Provincial Hainan Provincial Second, the focus of the work (nine) " Internet + " Inclusive
18 day People's Government People's Government finance.
on the issuance of "accelerating Establish and improve policies and measures and supervision mechanisms to adapt to the
" Internet + " Notification characteristics of the Internet financial development, encourage the development of Internet banking to
action plan " the Internet as the carrier, in line with national regulatory requirements, third-party payment, P2P Net
lending, financing crowdfunding, electricity providers and other new financial format finance and
financing platform, regulate the Internet financial development formats. Encourage financial institutions
to the depth of cooperation with Internet companies, initiated the establishment of the Internet banking
platform to expand the Internet financial services, promote the traditional finance and innovative
financial complementary development. Support large Internet companies, financial institutions, and
other electronic business platform to initiate or participate in the establishment of equity crowdfunding, P2P
Third-party custodian and settlement funds, financing guarantees, financial leasing, factoring business,
electricity providers and financial institutions to carry out online banking, inclusive financial services.
Support the use of block chain technology-driven financial innovation and development, demonstration
and application development of Internet-based financial block chain underlying technology and
application platform. Promote the building of financial institutions to improve mobile financial platform to expand financial IC Ap
--143--
Hainan Authority China Banking Regulatory Commission, Securities Regulatory Commission Authority Hainan, China Insura
development of Internet banking. (Provincial Finance Office, the People's Bank branch in Haikou,
table 18 Hubei block chain key policy comb

financial credit information and credit information sharing common social, and promote the healthy
2017 year 4 month Hubei Provincial Hubei Provincial Second, reduce logistics costs
11 day People's People's Government Office (17) Vigorously promote financial products and service innovation. Encourage financial
social credit information sharing platform for the province to promote the public credit information,
Government on institutions to carry out orders pledge, chattel mortgage, pledge loans, and trademark Yinzhengtong
further reducing the business. Commercial banking institutions and promote the jurisdiction of tax authorities to carry out a silver tax cooperation,
cost of doing " Tax Credit Loan " The number of service enterprises reached 2000 Home, reached 40 Billion. Support
reality ( VR ),Augmented Reality( AR ) And other technologies to flourish, large data applications plus
business to revitalize the real economy enterprises to take advantage of the residual value of the collateral was overall mortgage, make an
inventory of fixed assets effective. Loan repayment innovative, comprehensive utilization of revolving
generation
loan, which of artificial intelligence,
examined the system ofintelligent
loans, nomanufacturing, quantumrenew
repayment of principal information,
loans, block chain, virtual
loan restructuring,
etc., reduce the corporate repayment pressure. Use FTA policy, to develop financial leasing and
factoring business, the introduction of low-cost overseas funds. Develop small and micro branches,
generation of mobile communications, one world information network, Internet of things, a new
sub-branches and Technology Branch community and other franchisees, and strive to 2017 Reached
the end of the year the number of 2100 Home; actively implement " Small micro-enterprise credit
subsidiary
indicator of" national
The pilotcompetitiveness.
reform; actively build the first
Big Data key private bank totechnology,
breakthrough continue toto
offer a number
promote of rural
the new
banks to increase the supply of financial resources. Develop supply chain financing, accounts
receivable financing pledge to promote the platform, mobilizing government procurement centers,
Forward-looking layout, master and use big data capabilities is increasingly becoming an important
government financing platform, a platform for large enterprise core enterprise. Actively develop financial
technology, enhance big data, cloud computing, application block chain technology in credit, financial
intermediaries, risk prevention and other areas. (Organizers: The People's Bank branch in Wuhan,
development, open data sharing, privacy and protection, personnel training and so do the
Hubei Banking Regulatory Bureau, the Provincial Finance Office, Provincial Science and Technology Department, the Provin
momentum to achieve innovation and development in cutting-edge technology research and
table 19 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region key policy comb block chain
revolution is rapidly evolving, the world regarded promoting economic digitized as an important
2017 year 12 Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia Second, the development of the situation
month 28 day Autonomous Region Autonomous Currently, a large data-driven scientific and technological revolution and the industrial
People's Government Region People's Government Office
on the issuance of "big
data Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region
Development Master
Plan ( 2017-2020
Year) "notice
--144--
Speed and depth in all areas of economic and social integration, gradually formed industrial ecology,
economic value and social value are highlighted.
Fourth, the main task (b) strengthening big data technology application-oriented research and
innovation, focusing on key areas and key links, strengthen basic technology research,
highlighting the application of technology and product development, the formation of technical
product development system to support large data.
Strengthen key big data technology and product development. Innovation play a main role in
the integration of research with the resources, to strengthen cooperation with domestic and foreign
research institutions and enterprises, joint technical research, research and development of large data
collection, transmission, storage, management, processing, analysis, application, visualization and
security key technologies, products and solutions. Support for large-scale heterogeneous data
integration, cluster resource scheduling, distributed file system, flow calculation, chart calculation,
machine learning, data mining, basic technology research block chain. Combined with industrial
applications, focusing on research and development of large data modeling, analysis, understanding,
forecasting and decision support services, intelligent data and knowledge application technology.
Binding related industries, the development of new key computing, storage, sensing, communication
chips, devices and equipment technology for large data. Accelerate the development of new servers,
storage devices, intelligent terminals and other hardware products and business intelligence, data visualization, and natural l
(F) deepen the integration of big data and industry data fusion application to carry out
multilateral format innovation. To break the structural and institutional obstacles, to break down data
silos, new modes of cooperation, actively carry out cross-cutting, cross-industry co-pilot data fusion
and innovation. Strengthen multi-party secure computation, data anonymization, data fusion block
chain and other key technology research and application, building multi-platform data fusion
application innovation, convergence of telecommunications, energy, finance, agriculture and other
industry data resources, foster a number of cross-border integration enterprise applications, explore
the formation of a new form of joint development of new models, the formation of new economic growth point.
Five major projects
(A) big data key technology and product development and industrialization of key technologies
engineering product development projects. Support big data, cloud computing and other common key
application technology research and development, the implementation of a number of major scientific
and technological projects, green energy breakthroughs in key data centers, large-scale data
warehousing, data storage, data cleansing, data mining analysis, data visualization, multi-data fusion,
machine learning, block chain, independent and controllable information security and privacy protection under conditions of la
--145--
table 20 Jiangxi block chain key policy comb
2018 year 2 month Notification Jiangxi Jiangxi Province Third, the pilot and demonstration content (three)
26 day Province Industry Industry and business class consumer information pilot demonstration
and Information Information Technology Commission

6. Modern logistics services. Support for the development of the whole process of information
Technology consumption of modern logistics services, integrated logistics support innovative applications of
Commission multimodal transport, and actively explore the use of block chain logistics information technology to
declaration on the carry out full monitoring, promoting consumer information logistics cost reduction and efficiency.
organization of the
Ministry of Information Consumption of pilot demonstration project
2018 year 2 month Nanchang Nanchang City Third, the pilot and demonstration content (three)
twenty three day notification of Industry and business class consumer information pilot demonstration
Industry and Information Technology Commission

6. Modern logistics services. Support for the development of the whole process of information
Information consumption of modern logistics services, integrated logistics support innovative applications of
Technology multimodal transport, and actively explore the use of block chain logistics information technology to
Commission carry out full monitoring, promoting consumer information logistics cost reduction and efficiency.
declaration on the
organization of the Ministry of Information Consumption of pilot demonstration project
2017 year 12 Jiangxi Provincial Jiangxi Provincial Fifth, speed up the building of regional centers
month 29 day People's People's Government (Xviii) the construction of sub-provincial financial center. Ganzhou promote the construction of
Government of a regional financial center marginal times the province's financial center, Guangdong, Fujian and
Ganzhou support a Jiangxi and Hunan provinces; support Ganzhou to carry out reform trials in local financial system,
number of opinions small and medium enterprises and financial services; support the construction of the core financial
on the construction of the provincial deputy center citybusiness district, block chain finance industry sandbox groves and financial back-up service centers;
support financial platform gannan financial assets trading center, Ganzhou Soviet revitalization buyout
fund park; support qualified enterprises to issue corporate (company) bonds, medium-term notes,
short-term financing bills, SME collection of notes and public financing; support for rural financial
products and services innovation, encourage and support the establishment of village banks; support
for all poverty-stricken counties in Ganzhou Naru Luo Xiao Shan Area to enjoy an initial public offering
( IPO ) Green channel; actively seek China Development Bank opened a branch in Ganzhou, improve
loan approval, lenders, with the efficiency of money, give it preferential treatment on the project
financing amount and term lending rates. (Lead unit: Provincial Finance Office, Provincial
Development and Reform Commission, Provincial Department of Finance; with units: Central Branch of People's Bank of Na
2017 year 9 month Jiangxi Provincial Jiangxi Provincial The first chapter development foundation and
twenty two day People's Government People's Government Office environment for development 1.2 Development Environment
on the issuance of From the domestic environment, China's economic development has entered a new normal,
"Jiangxi " Thirteen Five " Inform the shift in economic growth, structural adjustment pains, converting the kinetic energy of the old and
the construction of new are intertwined, the economic situation is complicated. Economic growth from high-speed
green financial system steering, steering the growth structure from low-end, an increase of power steering new growth from
planning " the traditional growth. Countries continue to strengthen financial supervision, prevention and control
of financial risks, financial development industry pay more attention to the quality of priority, structural optimization, the finan
--146--
Accelerating interest rate market has been achieved, continue to promote exchange rate reform,
accelerate the process of internationalization of the RMB deposit insurance system is implemented,
the establishment of private banks normalization, insurance " Compensation II " And other reform
measures have been implemented. Internet banking brings new business models and industry
competition, the Internet payment, online lending, equity crowdfunding, Internet insurance, consumer
finance and other Internet as the representative of a new financial model and to block chain,
represented by the financial technology industry new opportunities, new challenges to regulators.
Chapter III strategic initiatives with the main task of
the third quarter to build a green financial innovation
system V. regulate the development of Internet banking
Support for traditional financial institutions rely on Internet technology and actively develop
new products and services, and achieve business transformation and upgrading of traditional financial
services, and promote normal development of Internet banking, Internet Fund, Internet security,
Internet insurance. Encourage local corporate financial institutions to establish an independent
licensee of direct banking, Internet insurance companies, securities institutions such as the Internet.
To build " Internet + financial " Innovation model, with all the power to raise the public record, to
encourage crowdfunding platform to provide financial support to small and micro enterprises and
individual entrepreneurs; steadily promote the strength of financial companies initiated the establishment of the Internet, incl
Net loans, equity crowdfunding platform, including Internet banking. The selection of high-quality
companies initiated the establishment of the registered capital 5 More than one hundred million yuan
network of small loan companies. Encourage the development of block chain technology, trusted
timestamp identified financial and other Internet security technology, used in the financial services
scene. Establishment of an integrated management information system and the Internet financial risk early warning mechan
--147--
table twenty one Shaanxi Province, the main policy comb block chain
2018 year 3 month Xianyang Municipal Xianyang Municipal Second, the key tasks (two) application pilot
15 day People's People's Government Office key tasks.
Government Office 9 Deepen data applications. Urban counties more than two medical institutions should strictly follow
of the opinions on the provincial medical institutions about medical data required to share content platform open to municipal
the strengthening of information system database, and provides a library table structure and field descriptions or database
construction and application of medical wisdom work views and field descriptions provided by the municipal platform directly fetch the relevant data, to achieve
seamless medical clinics and municipal data platform, all medical institutions to ensure the accuracy and
integrity of open data. Special City will carry out the data quality assessment than the ranking. City and
Social Council, the Municipal Health Bureau of Health to rely on big data platform to carry out monitoring
and intelligent analysis review applications, to enhance the effectiveness of management and supervision.
Medical Science and Technology Bureau to increase project support large data applications, and guide
enterprises to actively carry out medical and big data applications. Municipal Bureau of Health, Municipal
Information Office to actively explore and regulatory services based on medical data block chain
technology in the diagnosis and treatment of data sharing mutual recognition, access to health records and
other links, strengthen the protection of patient privacy information. (Organizer: Municipal Information
Office, the Municipal Bureau of Health, Science and Technology Bureau, the Municipal Social Council, the urban county gov
table twenty two Sichuan Province, the main policy comb block chain
2018 year 1 month Notice on the issuance Chengdu People's Third, the division of tasks
26 day of the General Office Government Office (C) Construction of a new mechanism for the effective flow of new factors of production
of the People's 1 . Improve the flow of intelligence gathering mechanism elements
Government of Cross-border integration create a favorable atmosphere for the growth of the research team. Innovative
Chengdu "Chengdu institutional mechanisms, institutions and disciplines breakthrough management restrictions, continued to
Innovation advance in precision medicine, artificial intelligence, block chain, energy Internet, intelligent manufacturing,
Management large data applications, genetic engineering, digital and creative cross-integration fields, building industry
optimization services (technology) innovation Center, innovation Center manufacturing, Engineering Research Center and
fostering the growth of Institute of technology and other new industrial application of innovative platforms and innovation
new momentum to networks, highlighting the interdisciplinary and collaborative innovation, disruptive innovation activities to
accelerate the economic development of old and newpromote

convertscross-border
kinetic energy
integration.
continue work
Actively
plan"
seek innovative platform layout of the building foundation
National Laboratory, a major national scientific and technological infrastructure and key laboratories,
steady improvement in the area of basic research and original innovation ability. (Municipal Development and Reform Commi
2017 year 12 Chengdu People's Chengdu People's Second, the main task
month 28 day Government Office Government Office (A) promote an inclusive financial institutions and the market system
Implementation 2 . Give full play to the advantages of multi-supply of new financial format. First, efforts to
Opinions on promote the development of consumer financial institutions. Investor support compliance with access
Promoting the Development of Inclusive Finance conditions established public fund, consumer finance companies, auto finance companies, insurance companies Internet,
--148--
Commercial bank credits to promote the settlement center landed in Chengdu, stimulate consumption
potential, promote consumption upgrade. The second is to compensate for the financial supply short
board. The establishment of local asset management companies ( AMC ), Wealth management, financial
leasing, factoring business, re-guarantee, science and technology small loans, small loans Internet and
other emerging financial organizations, the financial sector to make up for the short supply board. The third
is to actively expand financial support functions. Regulate credit rating agencies and development,
accelerate the development of financial escort companies, financial media, insurance, corporate bodies
and other professional support services to enrich and improve the system functioning financial markets.
Fourth, to promote transformation and upgrading of traditional banking. Support for traditional financial institutions widely use
+ industry " Cross-border integration and development, to build the whole industry chain of
comprehensive financial services system. Fifth, regulate the development of Internet banking. Adapt to
the Internet to establish a sound financial characteristics of long-term supervision mechanism,
introduced the "Chengdu Network Information lending agency Interim Measures," to promote the healthy
development of online lending industry. Sixth, the positive development of supply chain finance. Full use
of the block chain technology open and transparent, can not be altered properties, typical applications
support block chain in the financial sector cross-border payments, insurance claims, bill management, etc., to provide efficien
2017 year 11 Sichuan Provincial Sichuan Provincial Third, the main task (seven) Western Power
month twenty one day People's Government People's Government Financial Center
on the issuance of 59. Develop technology finance. In accordance with the deployment of national unity, actively
"Building China seek investment and loans into the pilot. Enterprises and universities and other institutions are
(Sichuan) free trade encouraged to work together to open the block chain technology, artificial intelligence, training courses
area experimental and other financial and technological innovation, financial innovation to build a laboratory base. The
plan" establishment of science and technology enterprise credit evaluation system and criteria to guide
financial institutions to explore and improve scientific and technological enterprise credit risk
management mechanism. With encouragement block chain and other cutting-edge technology and promote to build financial
table twenty three Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region key policy comb block chain
2017 year 8 month Xinjiang Production Xinjiang Production Third, the key tasks columns 3 Basic support platform
14 day and Construction and Construction Corps (c) building a safe and convenient smart society
Corps forward notice
"the State Council on 4. Promote social interaction and mutual trust shared.
the issuance of" a new Give full play to the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing social interaction, promoting credible
generation of artificial communication. Strengthen research and development of next-generation social network, speed up
intelligence development plan> notice " augmented reality, virtual reality technology to promote the application, the virtual environment and the
physical environment to promote collaboration integration, to meet the personal perception, analysis,
real-time information demands judgment and decision-making to achieve in work, study, living,
entertainment etc. under different scenarios smooth handover. Aimed at improving interpersonal
communication barriers needs, develop emotional interactive function, can accurately understand the
needs of people intelligent assistant product to achieve a virtuous cycle of emotional communication and
needs met. Block chain technology and promote the integration of artificial intelligence, to establish a new social credit system
--149--
Editorial Board Contact:
In carrian (Industrial and Economic Information Center, Institute of Information Technology Industry)
010-68200375 yujianing@miit.gov.cn
Di former anti (Industrial and Economic Information Center, Institute of Information Technology Industry)
010-68200359 diqianfang@miit.gov.cn
Jinmei Yan (Windy FINANCE block chains Institute)
010-84673866 jinmeiyan@xinzhimei.com
- 150 -

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2018 China block chain industry white paper

Ministry of Information Industry and Information Center

2018 year 5 month

consultant: Sun Wei Min Xie Ping Li Dewen Tong Xiaomin

deputy director: Luo Zhiyong Xu Jiao Luchenyushi

Writing committee (sorted by last name spelling):

Compiling institutes: Ministry of Information Industry and Information Center

Issued jointly prepared: Windy block chain Finance Institute

Rationality (sorted by the first letter of the alphabet agencies):

"Contemporary financiers" magazine

Jiangsu to enjoy all the gold Technology Co., Ltd.

Nanjing University School of Information Management

The world AI block chain 30 Forum

Deep Chain Finance

School of Business Administration, Capital University of Economics

Electronics and Information Engineering College Sichuan University Jincheng

China Computer Society Professional Committee of the block chain

China People's Insurance Company

China cloud system Industry Innovation Alliance

important contribution to the construction of a modern economic system.

(A) platform ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 1 6

2. Digital Asset Store ............................................... .................................................. ....................... 2 0

3. Block chain technology solutions ............................................ .................................................. .............. 2 3

(C) block chain security .......................................... .................................................. ....................... 29

1. Block chain is facing security problems and countermeasures ........................................ ............................................ 29

2. Block chain security services ............................................. .................................................. ..................... 32

(Iv) block chain industry services ......................................... .................................................. ................ 35

1. Block chain of media and community ............................................ .................................................. .................. 35

2. Investment agency................................................ .................................................. .............................. 37

3. Industrial Organization and research institutions ............................................ .................................................. ...... 37

(A) supply chain finance ............................................ .................................................. ............................. 4 1

(B) Trade Finance ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 44

1. letter of credit................................................ .................................................. .................................. 45

2. Bond ................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 47

3. Forfaiting ............................................... .................................................. ................................... 47

4. Factoring ................................................ .................................................. ...................................... 48

5. bill................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 49

(C) credit ............................................. .................................................. ........................................ 51

(D) the transaction clearing ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 53

(E) share points ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 54

(F) Insurance .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 55

(Vii) securities .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 57

(A) Product traceability ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 60

(B) copyright protection and transaction ........................................... .................................................. ...................... 64

(C) electronic evidence as evidence ........................................... .................................................. .......................... 68

(D) Financial management ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 69

1. Vouchers and account management .............................................. .................................................. .................... 69

2. audit................................................. .................................................. ..................................... 70

(E) Precision Marketing ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 71

(Vi) large data transactions ............................................ .................................................. ............................. 73

(Vii) industrial .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 74

(Viii) Energy .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 77

1. Energy production ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 78

2. Energy Trading ................................................ .................................................. .............................. 78

3. Energy investment and financing assets .............................................. .................................................. .................... 79

(Ix) medical .............................................. .................................................. ....................................... 80

(X) digital identity ............................................. .................................................. ................................ 82

(Xi) Things ............................................ .................................................. ................................. 84

Legal issues (b) intelligent contracts .......................................... .................................................. ............... 99

(Iv) block chain industry standards .......................................... .................................................. ..................... 102

First, the overall characteristics of industrial development block chain

(A) block chain of industrial ecology initial formation, in the ascendant

2] , Industry begun to take shape.