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Standardization of wrought steel Pipe schedule and pipe sizes begin with mass
production era. At that time pipes are available in only three sizes standard weight
(STD), extra-strong (XS), and double extra-strong (XXS), based on the iron pipe size
(IPS) system. Height
With modernizing of various industries and use of pipe in different pressure and
temperature condition these three sizes are not sufficient to meet the requirement.
This will result in the concept of the schedule number that combines wall thickness and
diameter of the pipe.
In current practice, pipe size defines with two sets of number 1) Pipe bore/nominal
diameter and 2) Pipe schedule which is nothing but wall thickness of the pipe.
Manufacturing of NPS 1/8 (DN 6) to NPS 12 (DN 300) pipe is based on fixed outside
diameter (OD). So, any increase in wall thickness decrease the inside diameter (ID) of
the pipe and this ID of the pipe is approximately equal to the Nominal Size.
From the above table, you can see that for NPS 2, Pipe ID is near to pipe NPS and for
NPS 14 pipe OD is same as NPS.
You can easily convert inch dimension to mm by multiplying it with 25.4 and rounding
as follow;
2” pipe is simply mentioned as DN 50. You can get any NPS to DN by multiplying it with
25. Check the below table for easy understanding. There is no change in other
dimensions when you use DN.
Nominal Pipe Size Diameter Nominal Nominal Pipe Size Diameter Nominal
1/8 6 20 500
1/4 8 22 550
3/8 10 24 600
1/2 15 26 650
3/4 20 28 700
1 25 30 750
1¼ 32 32 800
1½ 40 36 900
2 50 40 1000
2½ 65 42 1050
3 80 44 1100
3½ 90 48 1200
4 100 52 1300
5 125 56 1400
6 150 60 1500
8 200 64 1600
10 250 68 1700
12 300 72 1800
14 350 76 1900
16 400 80 2000
From this table, you can see that initially pipe size increase by ¼ than ½ and then by
1”. Form 6” to 42”, it increases by 2” step and after that in 4”.
Schedule 40 is nothing but a pipe thickness designator. In simple word you can say that
for given material, schedule 40 pipe can withstand a certain amount of pressure.
Schedule 80 pipe is thicker than schedule 40 pipe. Look at the above formula of
schedule number, allowable stress for material at given temperature is fixed. That
means with an increase in service pressure schedule number will increase which is pipe
wall thickness designator.
To reduces the cost of material ASME has introduced different schedule number for
stainless steel pipe and fittings. Under ASME B36.19 Schedule no with “S” suffix is
introduced for SS pipe. Example- 10S
For Carbon Steel and Wrought iron Pipe as per 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160,
STD (Standard) and Schedule 40 has same thickness up to NPS 10 (DN 250)
Above NPS 10 STD have a wall thickness of 3/8 in. (9.53 mm)
A B C D E F G H I J K
27 26 26 0.312 0.5 0
33 38 38 0
34 40 40 0
35 42 42 0
36 44 44 0
37 46 46 0
A B C D E F G H I J K
38 48 48 0
42 Don't get confused between 3 1/2 inch nominal with 3.5 inch OD, 4" nominal with 4.000" OD
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
6 15 21.3 1.65 1.65 2.11 2.11 2.41 2.77 2.77 2.77 3.73 3.73
7 20 26.7 1.65 1.65 2.11 2.11 2.41 2.87 2.87 2.87 3.91 3.91
8 25 33.4 1.65 1.65 2.77 2.77 2.9 3.38 3.38 3.38 4.55 4.55
9 32 42.2 1.65 1.65 2.77 2.77 2.97 3.56 3.56 3.56 4.85 4.85
10 40 48.3 1.65 1.65 2.77 2.77 3.18 3.68 3.68 3.68 5.08 5.08
11 50 60.3 1.65 1.65 2.77 2.77 3.18 3.91 3.91 3.91 5.54 5.54
12 65 73 2.11 2.11 3.05 3.05 4.78 5.16 5.16 5.16 7.01 7.01
13 80 88.9 2.11 2.11 3.05 3.05 4.78 5.49 5.49 5.49 7.62 7.62
14 90 101.6 2.11 2.11 3.05 3.05 4.78 5.74 5.74 5.74 8.08 8.08
15 100 114.3 2.11 2.11 3.05 3.05 4.78 6.02 6.02 6.02 8.56 8.56
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
16 125 141.3 2.77 2.77 3.4 3.4 6.55 6.55 6.55 9.53 9.53
17 150 168.3 2.77 2.77 3.4 3.4 7.11 7.11 7.11 10.97 10.9
18 200 219.1 2.77 2.77 3.76 3.76 6.35 7.04 8.18 8.18 8.18 10.31 12.7 12.7
19 250 273 3.4 3.4 4.19 4.19 6.35 7.8 9.27 9.27 9.27 12.7 15.09 12.7
20 300 323.8 3.96 3.96 4.57 4.57 6.35 8.38 10.31 9.53 9.53 14.27 17.48 12.7
21 350 355.6 3.96 3.96 6.35 4.78 7.92 9.53 11.13 9.53 9.53 15.09 19.05 12.7
22 400 406.4 4.19 4.19 6.35 4.78 7.92 9.53 12.7 9.53 9.53 16.66 21.44 12.7
23 450 457 4.19 4.19 6.35 4.78 7.92 11.13 14.27 9.53 9.53 19.05 23.83 12.7
24 500 508 4.78 4.78 6.35 5.54 9.53 12.7 15.09 9.53 9.53 20.62 26.19 12.7
25 550 559 4.78 4.78 6.35 5.54 9.53 12.7 9.53 22.23 28.58
26 600 610 5.54 5.54 6.35 6.35 9.53 14.27 17.48 9.53 9.53 24.61 30.96 12.7
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
1 33.4 25 33.4
2 60.3 50 60.3
2.5 73 65 73
3 88.9 80 88.9
3.5 101.6 90 101.6
14 14 350 355.6
16 16 400 406.4
18 18 450 457
20 20 500 508
22 22 550 559
24 24 600 610
26 26 650 660
28 28 700 711
30 30 750 762
32 32 800 813
34 34 850 864
36 36 900 914
38 38 950 965
40 40 1000 1016
42 42 1050 1067
44 44 1100 1118
46 46 1150 1168
48 48 1200 121
You can calculate Pipe Inside Diameter (ID) with the help of Outside Diameter (OD) and
Thickness of the pipe by using formula given below.
Wall Thickness
Seamless and
Welded Pipe
3 to 18 incl., t/D > 5 % 15.00% 12.50%
Inside Diameter
Nil 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm)
for Cast Pipe
DiameterOutside
Note-1: Pipe of NPS 4 (DN 100) and smaller may be weighed in lots; pipe in sizes
larger than NPS 4 (DN 100) shall be weighed separately.
Note-2: t = Nominal wall thickness. D = Outside diameter.
Note-3: For welded pipe, the weld area shall not be limited by the over tolerance.
Note-4: For thin-wall pipe, the ovality in any one cross-section shall not exceed
1.5 % of the specified outside diameter.